// Copyright 2012 The Rust Project Developers. See the COPYRIGHT
// file at the top-level directory of this distribution and at
// http://rust-lang.org/COPYRIGHT.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
// <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
// except according to those terms.

/*!
 * Library to interface with chunks of memory allocated in C.
 *
 * It is often desirable to safely interface with memory allocated from C,
 * encapsulating the unsafety into allocation and destruction time.  Indeed,
 * allocating memory externally is currently the only way to give Rust shared
 * mut state with C programs that keep their own references; vectors are
 * unsuitable because they could be reallocated or moved at any time, and
 * importing C memory into a vector takes a one-time snapshot of the memory.
 *
 * This module simplifies the usage of such external blocks of memory.  Memory
 * is encapsulated into an opaque object after creation; the lifecycle of the
 * memory can be optionally managed by Rust, if an appropriate destructor
 * closure is provided.  Safety is ensured by bounds-checking accesses, which
 * are marshalled through get and set functions.
 *
 * There are three unsafe functions: the two introduction forms, and the
 * pointer elimination form.  The introduction forms are unsafe for the
 * obvious reason (they act on a pointer that cannot be checked inside the
 * method), but the elimination form is somewhat more subtle in its unsafety.
 * By using a pointer taken from a c_vec::t without keeping a reference to the
 * c_vec::t itself around, the CVec could be garbage collected, and the
 * memory within could be destroyed.  There are legitimate uses for the
 * pointer elimination form -- for instance, to pass memory back into C -- but
 * great care must be taken to ensure that a reference to the c_vec::t is
 * still held if needed.
 */

/**
 * The type representing a foreign chunk of memory
 *
 */
pub struct CVec<T> {
    priv base: *mut T,
    priv len: uint,
    priv rsrc: @DtorRes
}

struct DtorRes {
  dtor: Option<@fn()>,
}

#[unsafe_destructor]
impl Drop for DtorRes {
    fn finalize(&self) {
        match self.dtor {
            option::None => (),
            option::Some(f) => f()
        }
    }
}

fn DtorRes(dtor: Option<@fn()>) -> DtorRes {
    DtorRes {
        dtor: dtor
    }
}

/*
 Section: Introduction forms
 */

/**
 * Create a `CVec` from a foreign buffer with a given length.
 *
 * # Arguments
 *
 * * base - A foreign pointer to a buffer
 * * len - The number of elements in the buffer
 */
pub unsafe fn CVec<T>(base: *mut T, len: uint) -> CVec<T> {
    return CVec{
        base: base,
        len: len,
        rsrc: @DtorRes(option::None)
    };
}

/**
 * Create a `CVec` from a foreign buffer, with a given length,
 * and a function to run upon destruction.
 *
 * # Arguments
 *
 * * base - A foreign pointer to a buffer
 * * len - The number of elements in the buffer
 * * dtor - A function to run when the value is destructed, useful
 *          for freeing the buffer, etc.
 */
pub unsafe fn c_vec_with_dtor<T>(base: *mut T, len: uint, dtor: @fn())
  -> CVec<T> {
    return CVec{
        base: base,
        len: len,
        rsrc: @DtorRes(option::Some(dtor))
    };
}

/*
 Section: Operations
 */

/**
 * Retrieves an element at a given index
 *
 * Fails if `ofs` is greater or equal to the length of the vector
 */
pub fn get<T:Copy>(t: CVec<T>, ofs: uint) -> T {
    assert!(ofs < len(t));
    return unsafe { *ptr::mut_offset(t.base, ofs) };
}

/**
 * Sets the value of an element at a given index
 *
 * Fails if `ofs` is greater or equal to the length of the vector
 */
pub fn set<T:Copy>(t: CVec<T>, ofs: uint, v: T) {
    assert!(ofs < len(t));
    unsafe { *ptr::mut_offset(t.base, ofs) = v };
}

/*
 Section: Elimination forms
 */

/// Returns the length of the vector
pub fn len<T>(t: CVec<T>) -> uint { t.len }

/// Returns a pointer to the first element of the vector
pub unsafe fn ptr<T>(t: CVec<T>) -> *mut T { t.base }

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {

    use c_vec::*;

    use core::libc::*;
    use core::libc;

    fn malloc(n: size_t) -> CVec<u8> {
        unsafe {
            let mem = libc::malloc(n);

            assert!(mem as int != 0);

            return c_vec_with_dtor(mem as *mut u8, n as uint,
                                   || unsafe { free(mem) });
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_basic() {
        let cv = malloc(16u as size_t);

        set(cv, 3u, 8u8);
        set(cv, 4u, 9u8);
        assert!(get(cv, 3u) == 8u8);
        assert!(get(cv, 4u) == 9u8);
        assert!(len(cv) == 16u);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_fail]
    #[ignore(cfg(windows))]
    fn test_overrun_get() {
        let cv = malloc(16u as size_t);

        get(cv, 17u);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_fail]
    #[ignore(cfg(windows))]
    fn test_overrun_set() {
        let cv = malloc(16u as size_t);

        set(cv, 17u, 0u8);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_and_I_mean_it() {
        let cv = malloc(16u as size_t);
        let p = unsafe { ptr(cv) };

        set(cv, 0u, 32u8);
        set(cv, 1u, 33u8);
        assert!(unsafe { *p } == 32u8);
        set(cv, 2u, 34u8); /* safety */
    }

}