use std::mem;
use std::ffi::{OsStr, OsString};

use rustc::hir::def_id::{DefId, CRATE_DEF_INDEX};
use rustc::mir;
use rustc::ty::{
    self,
    layout::{self, Align, LayoutOf, Size, TyLayout},
};

use rand::RngCore;

use crate::*;

impl<'mir, 'tcx> EvalContextExt<'mir, 'tcx> for crate::MiriEvalContext<'mir, 'tcx> {}

pub trait EvalContextExt<'mir, 'tcx: 'mir>: crate::MiriEvalContextExt<'mir, 'tcx> {
    /// Gets an instance for a path.
    fn resolve_path(&self, path: &[&str]) -> InterpResult<'tcx, ty::Instance<'tcx>> {
        let this = self.eval_context_ref();
        this.tcx
            .crates()
            .iter()
            .find(|&&krate| this.tcx.original_crate_name(krate).as_str() == path[0])
            .and_then(|krate| {
                let krate = DefId {
                    krate: *krate,
                    index: CRATE_DEF_INDEX,
                };
                let mut items = this.tcx.item_children(krate);
                let mut path_it = path.iter().skip(1).peekable();

                while let Some(segment) = path_it.next() {
                    for item in mem::replace(&mut items, Default::default()).iter() {
                        if item.ident.name.as_str() == *segment {
                            if path_it.peek().is_none() {
                                return Some(ty::Instance::mono(this.tcx.tcx, item.res.def_id()));
                            }

                            items = this.tcx.item_children(item.res.def_id());
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                }
                None
            })
            .ok_or_else(|| {
                let path = path.iter().map(|&s| s.to_owned()).collect();
                err_unsup!(PathNotFound(path)).into()
            })
    }

    /// Write a 0 of the appropriate size to `dest`.
    fn write_null(&mut self, dest: PlaceTy<'tcx, Tag>) -> InterpResult<'tcx> {
        self.eval_context_mut().write_scalar(Scalar::from_int(0, dest.layout.size), dest)
    }

    /// Test if this immediate equals 0.
    fn is_null(&self, val: Scalar<Tag>) -> InterpResult<'tcx, bool> {
        let this = self.eval_context_ref();
        let null = Scalar::from_int(0, this.memory.pointer_size());
        this.ptr_eq(val, null)
    }

    /// Turn a Scalar into an Option<NonNullScalar>
    fn test_null(&self, val: Scalar<Tag>) -> InterpResult<'tcx, Option<Scalar<Tag>>> {
        let this = self.eval_context_ref();
        Ok(if this.is_null(val)? {
            None
        } else {
            Some(val)
        })
    }

    /// Get the `Place` for a local
    fn local_place(&mut self, local: mir::Local) -> InterpResult<'tcx, PlaceTy<'tcx, Tag>> {
        let this = self.eval_context_mut();
        let place = mir::Place { base: mir::PlaceBase::Local(local), projection: Box::new([]) };
        this.eval_place(&place)
    }

    /// Generate some random bytes, and write them to `dest`.
    fn gen_random(
        &mut self,
        ptr: Scalar<Tag>,
        len: usize,
    ) -> InterpResult<'tcx>  {
        // Some programs pass in a null pointer and a length of 0
        // to their platform's random-generation function (e.g. getrandom())
        // on Linux. For compatibility with these programs, we don't perform
        // any additional checks - it's okay if the pointer is invalid,
        // since we wouldn't actually be writing to it.
        if len == 0 {
            return Ok(());
        }
        let this = self.eval_context_mut();

        let ptr = this.memory.check_ptr_access(
            ptr,
            Size::from_bytes(len as u64),
            Align::from_bytes(1).unwrap()
        )?.expect("we already checked for size 0");

        let mut data = vec![0; len];

        if this.machine.communicate {
            // Fill the buffer using the host's rng.
            getrandom::getrandom(&mut data)
                .map_err(|err| err_unsup_format!("getrandom failed: {}", err))?;
        }
        else {
            let rng = this.memory.extra.rng.get_mut();
            rng.fill_bytes(&mut data);
        }

        this.memory.get_mut(ptr.alloc_id)?.write_bytes(&*this.tcx, ptr, &data)
    }

    /// Visits the memory covered by `place`, sensitive to freezing: the 3rd parameter
    /// will be true if this is frozen, false if this is in an `UnsafeCell`.
    fn visit_freeze_sensitive(
        &self,
        place: MPlaceTy<'tcx, Tag>,
        size: Size,
        mut action: impl FnMut(Pointer<Tag>, Size, bool) -> InterpResult<'tcx>,
    ) -> InterpResult<'tcx> {
        let this = self.eval_context_ref();
        trace!("visit_frozen(place={:?}, size={:?})", *place, size);
        debug_assert_eq!(size,
            this.size_and_align_of_mplace(place)?
            .map(|(size, _)| size)
            .unwrap_or_else(|| place.layout.size)
        );
        // Store how far we proceeded into the place so far. Everything to the left of
        // this offset has already been handled, in the sense that the frozen parts
        // have had `action` called on them.
        let mut end_ptr = place.ptr.assert_ptr();
        // Called when we detected an `UnsafeCell` at the given offset and size.
        // Calls `action` and advances `end_ptr`.
        let mut unsafe_cell_action = |unsafe_cell_ptr: Scalar<Tag>, unsafe_cell_size: Size| {
            let unsafe_cell_ptr = unsafe_cell_ptr.assert_ptr();
            debug_assert_eq!(unsafe_cell_ptr.alloc_id, end_ptr.alloc_id);
            debug_assert_eq!(unsafe_cell_ptr.tag, end_ptr.tag);
            // We assume that we are given the fields in increasing offset order,
            // and nothing else changes.
            let unsafe_cell_offset = unsafe_cell_ptr.offset;
            let end_offset = end_ptr.offset;
            assert!(unsafe_cell_offset >= end_offset);
            let frozen_size = unsafe_cell_offset - end_offset;
            // Everything between the end_ptr and this `UnsafeCell` is frozen.
            if frozen_size != Size::ZERO {
                action(end_ptr, frozen_size, /*frozen*/true)?;
            }
            // This `UnsafeCell` is NOT frozen.
            if unsafe_cell_size != Size::ZERO {
                action(unsafe_cell_ptr, unsafe_cell_size, /*frozen*/false)?;
            }
            // Update end end_ptr.
            end_ptr = unsafe_cell_ptr.wrapping_offset(unsafe_cell_size, this);
            // Done
            Ok(())
        };
        // Run a visitor
        {
            let mut visitor = UnsafeCellVisitor {
                ecx: this,
                unsafe_cell_action: |place| {
                    trace!("unsafe_cell_action on {:?}", place.ptr);
                    // We need a size to go on.
                    let unsafe_cell_size = this.size_and_align_of_mplace(place)?
                        .map(|(size, _)| size)
                        // for extern types, just cover what we can
                        .unwrap_or_else(|| place.layout.size);
                    // Now handle this `UnsafeCell`, unless it is empty.
                    if unsafe_cell_size != Size::ZERO {
                        unsafe_cell_action(place.ptr, unsafe_cell_size)
                    } else {
                        Ok(())
                    }
                },
            };
            visitor.visit_value(place)?;
        }
        // The part between the end_ptr and the end of the place is also frozen.
        // So pretend there is a 0-sized `UnsafeCell` at the end.
        unsafe_cell_action(place.ptr.ptr_wrapping_offset(size, this), Size::ZERO)?;
        // Done!
        return Ok(());

        /// Visiting the memory covered by a `MemPlace`, being aware of
        /// whether we are inside an `UnsafeCell` or not.
        struct UnsafeCellVisitor<'ecx, 'mir, 'tcx, F>
            where F: FnMut(MPlaceTy<'tcx, Tag>) -> InterpResult<'tcx>
        {
            ecx: &'ecx MiriEvalContext<'mir, 'tcx>,
            unsafe_cell_action: F,
        }

        impl<'ecx, 'mir, 'tcx, F>
            ValueVisitor<'mir, 'tcx, Evaluator<'tcx>>
        for
            UnsafeCellVisitor<'ecx, 'mir, 'tcx, F>
        where
            F: FnMut(MPlaceTy<'tcx, Tag>) -> InterpResult<'tcx>
        {
            type V = MPlaceTy<'tcx, Tag>;

            #[inline(always)]
            fn ecx(&self) -> &MiriEvalContext<'mir, 'tcx> {
                &self.ecx
            }

            // Hook to detect `UnsafeCell`.
            fn visit_value(&mut self, v: MPlaceTy<'tcx, Tag>) -> InterpResult<'tcx>
            {
                trace!("UnsafeCellVisitor: {:?} {:?}", *v, v.layout.ty);
                let is_unsafe_cell = match v.layout.ty.kind {
                    ty::Adt(adt, _) => Some(adt.did) == self.ecx.tcx.lang_items().unsafe_cell_type(),
                    _ => false,
                };
                if is_unsafe_cell {
                    // We do not have to recurse further, this is an `UnsafeCell`.
                    (self.unsafe_cell_action)(v)
                } else if self.ecx.type_is_freeze(v.layout.ty) {
                    // This is `Freeze`, there cannot be an `UnsafeCell`
                    Ok(())
                } else {
                    // We want to not actually read from memory for this visit. So, before
                    // walking this value, we have to make sure it is not a
                    // `Variants::Multiple`.
                    match v.layout.variants {
                        layout::Variants::Multiple { .. } => {
                            // A multi-variant enum, or generator, or so.
                            // Treat this like a union: without reading from memory,
                            // we cannot determine the variant we are in. Reading from
                            // memory would be subject to Stacked Borrows rules, leading
                            // to all sorts of "funny" recursion.
                            // We only end up here if the type is *not* freeze, so we just call the
                            // `UnsafeCell` action.
                            (self.unsafe_cell_action)(v)
                        }
                        layout::Variants::Single { .. } => {
                            // Proceed further, try to find where exactly that `UnsafeCell`
                            // is hiding.
                            self.walk_value(v)
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            // Make sure we visit aggregrates in increasing offset order.
            fn visit_aggregate(
                &mut self,
                place: MPlaceTy<'tcx, Tag>,
                fields: impl Iterator<Item=InterpResult<'tcx, MPlaceTy<'tcx, Tag>>>,
            ) -> InterpResult<'tcx> {
                match place.layout.fields {
                    layout::FieldPlacement::Array { .. } => {
                        // For the array layout, we know the iterator will yield sorted elements so
                        // we can avoid the allocation.
                        self.walk_aggregate(place, fields)
                    }
                    layout::FieldPlacement::Arbitrary { .. } => {
                        // Gather the subplaces and sort them before visiting.
                        let mut places = fields.collect::<InterpResult<'tcx, Vec<MPlaceTy<'tcx, Tag>>>>()?;
                        places.sort_by_key(|place| place.ptr.assert_ptr().offset);
                        self.walk_aggregate(place, places.into_iter().map(Ok))
                    }
                    layout::FieldPlacement::Union { .. } => {
                        // Uh, what?
                        bug!("a union is not an aggregate we should ever visit")
                    }
                }
            }

            // We have to do *something* for unions.
            fn visit_union(&mut self, v: MPlaceTy<'tcx, Tag>) -> InterpResult<'tcx>
            {
                // With unions, we fall back to whatever the type says, to hopefully be consistent
                // with LLVM IR.
                // FIXME: are we consistent, and is this really the behavior we want?
                let frozen = self.ecx.type_is_freeze(v.layout.ty);
                if frozen {
                    Ok(())
                } else {
                    (self.unsafe_cell_action)(v)
                }
            }

            // We should never get to a primitive, but always short-circuit somewhere above.
            fn visit_primitive(&mut self, _v: MPlaceTy<'tcx, Tag>) -> InterpResult<'tcx>
            {
                bug!("we should always short-circuit before coming to a primitive")
            }
        }
    }

    /// Helper function to get a `libc` constant as a `Scalar`.
    fn eval_libc(&mut self, name: &str) -> InterpResult<'tcx, Scalar<Tag>> {
        self.eval_context_mut()
            .eval_path_scalar(&["libc", name])?
            .ok_or_else(|| err_unsup_format!("Path libc::{} cannot be resolved.", name))?
            .not_undef()
    }

    /// Helper function to get a `libc` constant as an `i32`.
    fn eval_libc_i32(&mut self, name: &str) -> InterpResult<'tcx, i32> {
        self.eval_libc(name)?.to_i32()
    }

    /// Helper function to get the `TyLayout` of a `libc` type
    fn libc_ty_layout(&mut self, name: &str) -> InterpResult<'tcx, TyLayout<'tcx>> {
        let this = self.eval_context_mut();
        let ty = this.resolve_path(&["libc", name])?.ty(*this.tcx);
        this.layout_of(ty)
    }

    // Writes several `ImmTy`s contiguosly into memory. This is useful when you have to pack
    // different values into a struct.
    fn write_packed_immediates(
        &mut self,
        place: &MPlaceTy<'tcx, Tag>,
        imms: &[ImmTy<'tcx, Tag>],
    ) -> InterpResult<'tcx> {
        let this = self.eval_context_mut();

        let mut offset = Size::from_bytes(0);

        for &imm in imms {
            this.write_immediate_to_mplace(
                *imm,
                place.offset(offset, None, imm.layout, &*this.tcx)?,
            )?;
            offset += imm.layout.size;
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Helper function used inside the shims of foreign functions to check that isolation is
    /// disabled. It returns an error using the `name` of the foreign function if this is not the
    /// case.
    fn check_no_isolation(&mut self, name: &str) -> InterpResult<'tcx> {
        if !self.eval_context_mut().machine.communicate {
            throw_unsup_format!("`{}` not available when isolation is enabled. Pass the flag `-Zmiri-disable-isolation` to disable it.", name)
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    fn read_os_string_from_c_string(&mut self, scalar: Scalar<Tag>) -> InterpResult<'tcx, OsString> {
        let bytes = self.eval_context_mut().memory.read_c_str(scalar)?;
        Ok(bytes_to_os_str(bytes)?.into())
    }

    fn write_os_str_to_c_string(&mut self, os_str: &OsStr, ptr: Pointer<Tag>, size: u64) -> InterpResult<'tcx> {
        let bytes = os_str_to_bytes(os_str)?;
        // If `size` is smaller or equal than `bytes.len()`, writing `bytes` plus the required null
        // terminator to memory using the `ptr` pointer would cause an overflow.
        if (bytes.len() as u64) < size {
            let this = self.eval_context_mut();
            let tcx = &{ this.tcx.tcx };
            // This is ok because the buffer was strictly larger than `bytes`, so after adding the
            // null terminator, the buffer size is larger or equal to `bytes.len()`, meaning that
            // `bytes` actually fit inside tbe buffer.
            this.memory
                .get_mut(ptr.alloc_id)?
                .write_bytes(tcx, ptr, &bytes)?;
            // We write the `/0` terminator
            let tail_ptr = ptr.offset(Size::from_bytes(bytes.len() as u64 + 1), this)?;
            this.memory
                .get_mut(ptr.alloc_id)?
                .write_bytes(tcx, tail_ptr, b"0")
        } else {
            throw_unsup_format!("OsString is larger than destination")
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(target_os = "unix")]
fn bytes_to_os_str<'tcx, 'a>(bytes: &'a[u8]) -> InterpResult<'tcx, &'a OsStr> {
    Ok(std::os::unix::ffi::OsStringExt::from_bytes(bytes))
}

#[cfg(target_os = "unix")]
fn os_str_to_bytes<'tcx, 'a>(os_str: &'a OsStr) -> InterpResult<'tcx, &'a [u8]> {
    std::os::unix::ffi::OsStringExt::into_bytes(os_str)
}

// On non-unix platforms the best we can do to transform bytes from/to OS strings is to do the
// intermediate transformation into strings. Which invalidates non-utf8 paths that are actually
// valid.
#[cfg(not(target_os = "unix"))]
fn os_str_to_bytes<'tcx, 'a>(os_str: &'a OsStr) -> InterpResult<'tcx, &'a [u8]> {
    os_str
        .to_str()
        .map(|s| s.as_bytes())
        .ok_or_else(|| err_unsup_format!("{:?} is not a valid utf-8 string", os_str).into())
}

#[cfg(not(target_os = "unix"))]
fn bytes_to_os_str<'tcx, 'a>(bytes: &'a[u8]) -> InterpResult<'tcx, &'a OsStr> {
    let s = std::str::from_utf8(bytes)
        .map_err(|_| err_unsup_format!("{:?} is not a valid utf-8 string", bytes))?;
    Ok(&OsStr::new(s))
}