// Copyright 2012 The Rust Project Developers. See the COPYRIGHT
// file at the top-level directory of this distribution and at
// http://rust-lang.org/COPYRIGHT.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
// <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
// except according to those terms.

/*!

The `ToBytes` and `IterBytes` traits for converting to raw bytes

*/

use cast;
use container::Container;
use iter::Iterator;
use option::{None, Option, Some};
use rc::Rc;
use str::{Str, StrSlice};
use vec::{Vector, ImmutableVector};

pub type Cb<'a> = 'a |buf: &[u8]| -> bool;

///
/// A trait to implement in order to make a type hashable;
/// This works in combination with the trait `std::hash::Hash`, and
/// may in the future be merged with that trait or otherwise
/// modified when default methods and trait inheritance are
/// completed.
///
/// IterBytes should be implemented so that the extent of the
/// produced byte stream can be discovered, given the original
/// type.
/// For example, the IterBytes implementation for vectors emits
/// its length first, and enums should emit their discriminant.
///
pub trait IterBytes {
    /// Call the provided callback `f` one or more times with
    /// byte-slices that should be used when computing a hash
    /// value or otherwise "flattening" the structure into
    /// a sequence of bytes. The `lsb0` parameter conveys
    /// whether the caller is asking for little-endian bytes
    /// (`true`) or big-endian (`false`); this should only be
    /// relevant in implementations that represent a single
    /// multi-byte datum such as a 32 bit integer or 64 bit
    /// floating-point value. It can be safely ignored for
    /// larger structured types as they are usually processed
    /// left-to-right in declaration order, regardless of
    /// underlying memory endianness.
    ///
    fn iter_bytes(&self, lsb0: bool, f: Cb) -> bool;
}

impl IterBytes for bool {
    #[inline]
    fn iter_bytes(&self, _lsb0: bool, f: Cb) -> bool {
        f([
            *self as u8
        ])
    }
}

impl IterBytes for u8 {
    #[inline]
    fn iter_bytes(&self, _lsb0: bool, f: Cb) -> bool {
        f([
            *self
        ])
    }
}

impl IterBytes for u16 {
    #[inline]
    fn iter_bytes(&self, lsb0: bool, f: Cb) -> bool {
        if lsb0 {
            f([
                *self as u8,
                (*self >> 8) as u8
            ])
        } else {
            f([
                (*self >> 8) as u8,
                *self as u8
            ])
        }
    }
}

impl IterBytes for u32 {
    #[inline]
    fn iter_bytes(&self, lsb0: bool, f: Cb) -> bool {
        if lsb0 {
            f([
                *self as u8,
                (*self >> 8) as u8,
                (*self >> 16) as u8,
                (*self >> 24) as u8,
            ])
        } else {
            f([
                (*self >> 24) as u8,
                (*self >> 16) as u8,
                (*self >> 8) as u8,
                *self as u8
            ])
        }
    }
}

impl IterBytes for u64 {
    #[inline]
    fn iter_bytes(&self, lsb0: bool, f: Cb) -> bool {
        if lsb0 {
            f([
                *self as u8,
                (*self >> 8) as u8,
                (*self >> 16) as u8,
                (*self >> 24) as u8,
                (*self >> 32) as u8,
                (*self >> 40) as u8,
                (*self >> 48) as u8,
                (*self >> 56) as u8
            ])
        } else {
            f([
                (*self >> 56) as u8,
                (*self >> 48) as u8,
                (*self >> 40) as u8,
                (*self >> 32) as u8,
                (*self >> 24) as u8,
                (*self >> 16) as u8,
                (*self >> 8) as u8,
                *self as u8
            ])
        }
    }
}

impl IterBytes for i8 {
    #[inline]
    fn iter_bytes(&self, lsb0: bool, f: Cb) -> bool {
        (*self as u8).iter_bytes(lsb0, f)
    }
}

impl IterBytes for i16 {
    #[inline]
    fn iter_bytes(&self, lsb0: bool, f: Cb) -> bool {
        (*self as u16).iter_bytes(lsb0, f)
    }
}

impl IterBytes for i32 {
    #[inline]
    fn iter_bytes(&self, lsb0: bool, f: Cb) -> bool {
        (*self as u32).iter_bytes(lsb0, f)
    }
}

impl IterBytes for i64 {
    #[inline]
    fn iter_bytes(&self, lsb0: bool, f: Cb) -> bool {
        (*self as u64).iter_bytes(lsb0, f)
    }
}

impl IterBytes for char {
    #[inline]
    fn iter_bytes(&self, lsb0: bool, f: Cb) -> bool {
        (*self as u32).iter_bytes(lsb0, f)
    }
}

#[cfg(target_word_size = "32")]
impl IterBytes for uint {
    #[inline]
    fn iter_bytes(&self, lsb0: bool, f: Cb) -> bool {
        (*self as u32).iter_bytes(lsb0, f)
    }
}

#[cfg(target_word_size = "64")]
impl IterBytes for uint {
    #[inline]
    fn iter_bytes(&self, lsb0: bool, f: Cb) -> bool {
        (*self as u64).iter_bytes(lsb0, f)
    }
}

impl IterBytes for int {
    #[inline]
    fn iter_bytes(&self, lsb0: bool, f: Cb) -> bool {
        (*self as uint).iter_bytes(lsb0, f)
    }
}

impl IterBytes for f32 {
    #[inline]
    fn iter_bytes(&self, lsb0: bool, f: Cb) -> bool {
        let i: u32 = unsafe {
            // 0.0 == -0.0 so they should also have the same hashcode
            cast::transmute(if *self == -0.0 { 0.0 } else { *self })
        };
        i.iter_bytes(lsb0, f)
    }
}

impl IterBytes for f64 {
    #[inline]
    fn iter_bytes(&self, lsb0: bool, f: Cb) -> bool {
        let i: u64 = unsafe {
            // 0.0 == -0.0 so they should also have the same hashcode
            cast::transmute(if *self == -0.0 { 0.0 } else { *self })
        };
        i.iter_bytes(lsb0, f)
    }
}

impl<'a,A:IterBytes> IterBytes for &'a [A] {
    #[inline]
    fn iter_bytes(&self, lsb0: bool, f: Cb) -> bool {
        self.len().iter_bytes(lsb0, |b| f(b)) &&
        self.iter().advance(|elt| elt.iter_bytes(lsb0, |b| f(b)))
    }
}

impl<A: IterBytes> IterBytes for (A, ) {
    fn iter_bytes(&self, lsb0: bool, f: Cb) -> bool {
        match *self {
            (ref a, ) => a.iter_bytes(lsb0, |b| f(b))
        }
    }
}

macro_rules! iter_bytes_tuple(
    ($($A:ident),+) => (
        impl<$($A: IterBytes),+> IterBytes for ($($A),+) {
            fn iter_bytes(&self, lsb0: bool, f: Cb) -> bool {
                match *self {
                    ($(ref $A),+) => {
                        $(
                            $A .iter_bytes(lsb0, |b| f(b))
                        )&&+
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    )
)

iter_bytes_tuple!(A, B)
iter_bytes_tuple!(A, B, C)
iter_bytes_tuple!(A, B, C, D)
iter_bytes_tuple!(A, B, C, D, E)
iter_bytes_tuple!(A, B, C, D, E, F)
iter_bytes_tuple!(A, B, C, D, E, F, G)
iter_bytes_tuple!(A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H)

impl<A:IterBytes> IterBytes for ~[A] {
    #[inline]
    fn iter_bytes(&self, lsb0: bool, f: Cb) -> bool {
        self.as_slice().iter_bytes(lsb0, f)
    }
}

impl<'a> IterBytes for &'a str {
    #[inline]
    fn iter_bytes(&self, _lsb0: bool, f: Cb) -> bool {
        // Terminate the string with a byte that does not appear in UTF-8
        f(self.as_bytes()) && f([0xFF])
    }
}

impl IterBytes for ~str {
    #[inline]
    fn iter_bytes(&self, lsb0: bool, f: Cb) -> bool {
        self.as_slice().iter_bytes(lsb0, f)
    }
}

impl<A:IterBytes> IterBytes for Option<A> {
    #[inline]
    fn iter_bytes(&self, lsb0: bool, f: Cb) -> bool {
        match *self {
          Some(ref a) => 0u8.iter_bytes(lsb0, |b| f(b)) && a.iter_bytes(lsb0, |b| f(b)),
          None => 1u8.iter_bytes(lsb0, f)
        }
    }
}

impl<'a,A:IterBytes> IterBytes for &'a A {
    #[inline]
    fn iter_bytes(&self, lsb0: bool, f: Cb) -> bool {
        (**self).iter_bytes(lsb0, f)
    }
}

impl<A:IterBytes> IterBytes for @A {
    #[inline]
    fn iter_bytes(&self, lsb0: bool, f: Cb) -> bool {
        (**self).iter_bytes(lsb0, f)
    }
}

impl<A:IterBytes> IterBytes for Rc<A> {
    #[inline]
    fn iter_bytes(&self, lsb0: bool, f: Cb) -> bool {
        self.borrow().iter_bytes(lsb0, f)
    }
}

impl<A:IterBytes> IterBytes for ~A {
    #[inline]
    fn iter_bytes(&self, lsb0: bool, f: Cb) -> bool {
        (**self).iter_bytes(lsb0, f)
    }
}

// NB: raw-pointer IterBytes does _not_ dereference
// to the target; it just gives you the pointer-bytes.
impl<A> IterBytes for *A {
    #[inline]
    fn iter_bytes(&self, lsb0: bool, f: Cb) -> bool {
        (*self as uint).iter_bytes(lsb0, f)
    }
}

impl<A> IterBytes for *mut A {
    #[inline]
    fn iter_bytes(&self, lsb0: bool, f: Cb) -> bool {
        (*self as uint).iter_bytes(lsb0, f)
    }
}

/// A trait for converting a value to a list of bytes.
pub trait ToBytes {
    /// Converts the current value to a list of bytes. This is equivalent to
    /// invoking iter_bytes on a type and collecting all yielded values in an
    /// array
    fn to_bytes(&self, lsb0: bool) -> ~[u8];
}

impl<A:IterBytes> ToBytes for A {
    fn to_bytes(&self, lsb0: bool) -> ~[u8] {
        use io::Writer;

        let mut m = ::io::MemWriter::new();
        self.iter_bytes(lsb0, |bytes| {
            m.write(bytes).unwrap();
            true
        });
        m.unwrap()
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod test {
    use super::*;
    // just test to see if it compiles:
    #[test] fn iterbytes_compiles () {
        takes_iterbytes((3,4,5,false));
    }
    fn takes_iterbytes<T : IterBytes>(_x : T) {}
}