//! Process spawning
import option::{some, none};
import libc::{pid_t, c_void, c_int};

export program;
export run_program;
export start_program;
export program_output;
export spawn_process;
export waitpid;

#[abi = "cdecl"]
extern mod rustrt {
    fn rust_run_program(argv: **libc::c_char, envp: *c_void,
                        dir: *libc::c_char,
                        in_fd: c_int, out_fd: c_int, err_fd: c_int)
        -> pid_t;
}

/// A value representing a child process
iface program {
    /// Returns the process id of the program
    fn get_id() -> pid_t;

    /// Returns an io::writer that can be used to write to stdin
    fn input() -> io::writer;

    /// Returns an io::reader that can be used to read from stdout
    fn output() -> io::reader;

    /// Returns an io::reader that can be used to read from stderr
    fn err() -> io::reader;

    /// Closes the handle to the child processes standard input
    fn close_input();

    /**
     * Waits for the child process to terminate. Closes the handle
     * to stdin if necessary.
     */
    fn finish() -> int;

    /// Closes open handles
    fn destroy();
}


/**
 * Run a program, providing stdin, stdout and stderr handles
 *
 * # Arguments
 *
 * * prog - The path to an executable
 * * args - Vector of arguments to pass to the child process
 * * env - optional env-modification for child
 * * dir - optional dir to run child in (default current dir)
 * * in_fd - A file descriptor for the child to use as std input
 * * out_fd - A file descriptor for the child to use as std output
 * * err_fd - A file descriptor for the child to use as std error
 *
 * # Return value
 *
 * The process id of the spawned process
 */
fn spawn_process(prog: ~str, args: ~[~str],
                 env: option<~[(~str,~str)]>,
                 dir: option<~str>,
                 in_fd: c_int, out_fd: c_int, err_fd: c_int)
   -> pid_t {
    do with_argv(prog, args) |argv| {
        do with_envp(env) |envp| {
            do with_dirp(dir) |dirp| {
                rustrt::rust_run_program(argv, envp, dirp,
                                         in_fd, out_fd, err_fd)
            }
        }
    }
}

fn with_argv<T>(prog: ~str, args: ~[~str],
                cb: fn(**libc::c_char) -> T) -> T {
    let mut argptrs = str::as_c_str(prog, |b| ~[b]);
    let mut tmps = ~[];
    for vec::each(args) |arg| {
        let t = @arg;
        vec::push(tmps, t);
        vec::push_all(argptrs, str::as_c_str(*t, |b| ~[b]));
    }
    vec::push(argptrs, ptr::null());
    vec::as_buf(argptrs, cb)
}

#[cfg(unix)]
fn with_envp<T>(env: option<~[(~str,~str)]>,
                cb: fn(*c_void) -> T) -> T {
    // On posixy systems we can pass a char** for envp, which is
    // a null-terminated array of "k=v\n" strings.
    alt env {
      some(es) if !vec::is_empty(es) {
        let mut tmps = ~[];
        let mut ptrs = ~[];

        for vec::each(es) |e| {
            let (k,v) = e;
            let t = @(#fmt("%s=%s", k, v));
            vec::push(tmps, t);
            vec::push_all(ptrs, str::as_c_str(*t, |b| ~[b]));
        }
        vec::push(ptrs, ptr::null());
        vec::as_buf(ptrs, |p|
            unsafe { cb(::unsafe::reinterpret_cast(p)) }
        )
      }
      _ {
        cb(ptr::null())
      }
    }
}

#[cfg(windows)]
fn with_envp<T>(env: option<~[(str,str)]>,
                cb: fn(*c_void) -> T) -> T {
    // On win32 we pass an "environment block" which is not a char**, but
    // rather a concatenation of null-terminated k=v\0 sequences, with a final
    // \0 to terminate.
    unsafe {
        alt env {
          some(es) if !vec::is_empty(es) {
            let mut blk : ~[u8] = ~[];
            for vec::each(es) |e| {
                let (k,v) = e;
                let t = #fmt("%s=%s", k, v);
                let mut v : ~[u8] = ::unsafe::reinterpret_cast(t);
                blk += v;
                ::unsafe::forget(v);
            }
            blk += ~[0_u8];
            vec::as_buf(blk, |p| cb(::unsafe::reinterpret_cast(p)))
          }
          _ {
            cb(ptr::null())
          }
        }
    }
}

fn with_dirp<T>(d: option<~str>,
                cb: fn(*libc::c_char) -> T) -> T {
    alt d {
      some(dir) { str::as_c_str(dir, cb) }
      none { cb(ptr::null()) }
    }
}

/**
 * Spawns a process and waits for it to terminate
 *
 * # Arguments
 *
 * * prog - The path to an executable
 * * args - Vector of arguments to pass to the child process
 *
 * # Return value
 *
 * The process id
 */
fn run_program(prog: ~str, args: ~[~str]) -> int {
    let pid = spawn_process(prog, args, none, none,
                            0i32, 0i32, 0i32);
    if pid == -1 as pid_t { fail; }
    ret waitpid(pid);
}

/**
 * Spawns a process and returns a program
 *
 * The returned value is a boxed class containing a <program> object that can
 * be used for sending and receiving data over the standard file descriptors.
 * The class will ensure that file descriptors are closed properly.
 *
 * # Arguments
 *
 * * prog - The path to an executable
 * * args - Vector of arguments to pass to the child process
 *
 * # Return value
 *
 * A class with a <program> field
 */
fn start_program(prog: ~str, args: ~[~str]) -> program {
    let pipe_input = os::pipe();
    let pipe_output = os::pipe();
    let pipe_err = os::pipe();
    let pid =
        spawn_process(prog, args, none, none,
                      pipe_input.in, pipe_output.out,
                      pipe_err.out);

    if pid == -1 as pid_t { fail; }
    libc::close(pipe_input.in);
    libc::close(pipe_output.out);
    libc::close(pipe_err.out);

    type prog_repr = {pid: pid_t,
                      mut in_fd: c_int,
                      out_file: *libc::FILE,
                      err_file: *libc::FILE,
                      mut finished: bool};

    fn close_repr_input(r: prog_repr) {
        let invalid_fd = -1i32;
        if r.in_fd != invalid_fd {
            libc::close(r.in_fd);
            r.in_fd = invalid_fd;
        }
    }
    fn finish_repr(r: prog_repr) -> int {
        if r.finished { ret 0; }
        r.finished = true;
        close_repr_input(r);
        ret waitpid(r.pid);
    }
    fn destroy_repr(r: prog_repr) {
        finish_repr(r);
       libc::fclose(r.out_file);
       libc::fclose(r.err_file);
    }
    class prog_res {
        let r: prog_repr;
        new(-r: prog_repr) { self.r = r; }
        drop { destroy_repr(self.r); }
    }

    impl of program for prog_res {
        fn get_id() -> pid_t { ret self.r.pid; }
        fn input() -> io::writer { io::fd_writer(self.r.in_fd, false) }
        fn output() -> io::reader { io::FILE_reader(self.r.out_file, false) }
        fn err() -> io::reader { io::FILE_reader(self.r.err_file, false) }
        fn close_input() { close_repr_input(self.r); }
        fn finish() -> int { finish_repr(self.r) }
        fn destroy() { destroy_repr(self.r); }
    }
    let repr = {pid: pid,
                mut in_fd: pipe_input.out,
                out_file: os::fdopen(pipe_output.in),
                err_file: os::fdopen(pipe_err.in),
                mut finished: false};
    ret prog_res(repr) as program;
}

fn read_all(rd: io::reader) -> ~str {
    let mut buf = ~"";
    while !rd.eof() {
        let bytes = rd.read_bytes(4096u);
        buf += str::from_bytes(bytes);
    }
    ret buf;
}

/**
 * Spawns a process, waits for it to exit, and returns the exit code, and
 * contents of stdout and stderr.
 *
 * # Arguments
 *
 * * prog - The path to an executable
 * * args - Vector of arguments to pass to the child process
 *
 * # Return value
 *
 * A record, {status: int, out: str, err: str} containing the exit code,
 * the contents of stdout and the contents of stderr.
 */
fn program_output(prog: ~str, args: ~[~str]) ->
   {status: int, out: ~str, err: ~str} {

    let pipe_in = os::pipe();
    let pipe_out = os::pipe();
    let pipe_err = os::pipe();
    let pid = spawn_process(prog, args, none, none,
                            pipe_in.in, pipe_out.out, pipe_err.out);

    os::close(pipe_in.in);
    os::close(pipe_out.out);
    os::close(pipe_err.out);
    if pid == -1i32 {
        os::close(pipe_in.out);
        os::close(pipe_out.in);
        os::close(pipe_err.in);
        fail;
    }

    os::close(pipe_in.out);

    // Spawn two entire schedulers to read both stdout and sterr
    // in parallel so we don't deadlock while blocking on one
    // or the other. FIXME (#2625): Surely there's a much more
    // clever way to do this.
    let p = comm::port();
    let ch = comm::chan(p);
    do task::spawn_sched(task::single_threaded) {
        let errput = readclose(pipe_err.in);
        comm::send(ch, (2, errput));
    };
    do task::spawn_sched(task::single_threaded) {
        let output = readclose(pipe_out.in);
        comm::send(ch, (1, output));
    };
    let status = run::waitpid(pid);
    let mut errs = ~"";
    let mut outs = ~"";
    let mut count = 2;
    while count > 0 {
        let stream = comm::recv(p);
        alt check stream {
            (1, s) {
                outs = s;
            }
            (2, s) {
                errs = s;
            }
        };
        count -= 1;
    };
    ret {status: status, out: outs, err: errs};
}

fn writeclose(fd: c_int, s: ~str) {
    import io::writer_util;

    #error("writeclose %d, %s", fd as int, s);
    let writer = io::fd_writer(fd, false);
    writer.write_str(s);

    os::close(fd);
}

fn readclose(fd: c_int) -> ~str {
    let file = os::fdopen(fd);
    let reader = io::FILE_reader(file, false);
    let mut buf = ~"";
    while !reader.eof() {
        let bytes = reader.read_bytes(4096u);
        buf += str::from_bytes(bytes);
    }
    os::fclose(file);
    ret buf;
}

/// Waits for a process to exit and returns the exit code
fn waitpid(pid: pid_t) -> int {
    ret waitpid_os(pid);

    #[cfg(windows)]
    fn waitpid_os(pid: pid_t) -> int {
        os::waitpid(pid) as int
    }

    #[cfg(unix)]
    fn waitpid_os(pid: pid_t) -> int {
        #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
        fn WIFEXITED(status: i32) -> bool {
            (status & 0xffi32) == 0i32
        }

        #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
        #[cfg(target_os = "freebsd")]
        fn WIFEXITED(status: i32) -> bool {
            (status & 0x7fi32) == 0i32
        }

        #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
        fn WEXITSTATUS(status: i32) -> i32 {
            (status >> 8i32) & 0xffi32
        }

        #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
        #[cfg(target_os = "freebsd")]
        fn WEXITSTATUS(status: i32) -> i32 {
            status >> 8i32
        }

        let status = os::waitpid(pid);
        ret if WIFEXITED(status) {
            WEXITSTATUS(status) as int
        } else {
            1
        };
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {

    import io::writer_util;

    // Regression test for memory leaks
    #[ignore(cfg(windows))] // FIXME (#2626)
    fn test_leaks() {
        run::run_program(~"echo", ~[]);
        run::start_program(~"echo", ~[]);
        run::program_output(~"echo", ~[]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_pipes() {
        let pipe_in = os::pipe();
        let pipe_out = os::pipe();
        let pipe_err = os::pipe();

        let pid =
            run::spawn_process(
                ~"cat", ~[], none, none,
                pipe_in.in, pipe_out.out, pipe_err.out);
        os::close(pipe_in.in);
        os::close(pipe_out.out);
        os::close(pipe_err.out);

        if pid == -1i32 { fail; }
        let expected = ~"test";
        writeclose(pipe_in.out, expected);
        let actual = readclose(pipe_out.in);
        readclose(pipe_err.in);
        os::waitpid(pid);

        log(debug, expected);
        log(debug, actual);
        assert (expected == actual);
    }

    #[test]
    fn waitpid() {
        let pid = run::spawn_process(~"false", ~[],
                                     none, none,
                                     0i32, 0i32, 0i32);
        let status = run::waitpid(pid);
        assert status == 1;
    }

}

// Local Variables:
// mode: rust
// fill-column: 78;
// indent-tabs-mode: nil
// c-basic-offset: 4
// buffer-file-coding-system: utf-8-unix
// End: