This is a hack, but I don't think we can do much better as long as `derive` is
running at the syntax expansion phase.
If the custom_derive feature gate is enabled, this works with user-defined
traits and syntax extensions. Without the gate, you can't use e.g. #[derive_Clone]
directly, so this does not change the stable language.
This commit also cleans up the deriving code somewhat, and forbids some
previously-meaningless attribute syntax. For this reason it's technically a
[breaking-change]
