Arguments that can't be safely referenced will be implicitly copied.
(Warnings for expensive copies will be forthcoming.)
This will allow us to get rid of most of the ampersands in function
signatures. See [1].
[1] https://mail.mozilla.org/pipermail/rust-dev/2011-September/000759.html
Upvars are now marked with def_upvar throughout, not just when going
through freevars::lookup_def. This makes things less error-prone. One
thing to watch out for is that def_upvar is used in `for each` bodies
too, when they refer to a local outside the body.
Having it in the alias pass was slightly more efficient (finding
expression roots has to be done in both passes), but further muddled
up the already complex alias checker.
Also factors out some duplication in the mutability-checking code.
