Weaken release sequences to match the C++20 memory model
See [Weaken Release Sequences](http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2018/p0982r1.html), since the exception for relaxed writes on the same thread as a release write not blocking release sequences was removed in the C++20 memory model compared to the C11 memory model the paper was based on. The implementation can be updated and simplified to match this. [Rust is currently specified to use the C++20 memory model](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/atomic/index.html).
Add simple data-race detector
Partially fixes data-race detection, see #1372, based on Dynamic Race Detection for C++11
- This does not explore weak memory behaviour, only exploring one sequentially consistent ordering.
- Data-race detection is only enabled after the first thread is created, so should have minimal overhead for non-concurrent execution.
- ~~Does not attempt to re-use thread id's so creating and joining threads lots of time in an execution will result in the vector clocks growing in size and slowing down program execution~~ It does now
The `backtrace-rs` crate can use this to implement
`Frame::symbol_address`, which is used to skip frames
above the call to `Backtrace::capture` on the stack.
The function pointer will not be useable for comparison purposes if the
function is generic, as CTFE creates a new function pointer for each
cast of a (monomorphized) generic function. However, this already
affects code running under Miri, and isn't a problem for `backtrace-rs`
(which only casts a non-generic function).
I've added logic to allow `MiriFrame` to have either 4 or 5 fields - if
a 5th field is present, we write the function pointer to it.
This PR adds two new Miri-defined extern functions:
`miri_get_backtrace` and `miri_resolve_frame`, which are documented in
the README. Together, they allow obtaining a backtrace for the currently
executing program.
I've added a test showing how these APIs are used. I've also prepared a
companion PR `backtrace-rs`, which will allow
`backtrace::Backtrace::new()` to work automatically under Miri.
Once these two PRs are merged, we will be able to print backtraces from
the normal Rust panic hook (since libstd is now using backtrace-rs).
A few notes:
* Resolving the backtrace frames is *very* slow - you can actually see
each line being printed out one at a time. Some local testing showed
that this is not (primrary) caused by resolving a `Span` - it seems
to be just Miri being slow.
* For the first time, we now interact directly with a user-defined
struct (instead of just executing the user-provided MIR that
manipulates the struct). To allow for future changes, I've added
a 'version' parameter (currently required to be 0). This should allow
us to change the `MiriFrame` struct should the need ever arise.
* I used the approach suggested by @oli-obk - a returned backtrace
pointer consists of a base function allocation, with the 'offset'
used to encode the `Span.lo`. This allows losslessly reconstructing
the location information in `miri_resolve_frame`.
* There are a few quirks on the `backtrace-rs` side:
* `backtrace-rs` calls `getcwd()` by default to try to simplify
the filename. This results in an isolation error by default,
which could be annoying when printing a backtrace from libstd.
* `backtrace-rs` tries to remove 'internal' frames (everything between
the call to `Backtrace::new()` and the internal API call made by
backtrace-rs) by comparing the returned frame pointer value to
a Rust function pointer. This doesn't work due to the way we
construct the frame pointers passed to the caller. We could
attempt to support this kind of comparison, or just add a
`#[cfg(miri)]` and ignore the frames ourselves.
Support F_DUPFD on stdin/stdout/stderr
Enable `close`-ing stdin/stdout/stderr
For `dup`, check if FD is `File` first
If not, clone the appropriate standard IO stream
Merge POSIX `close` and `dup` tests into same module
Also, add assertion that `write` on a closed FD returns an error.
Add `dup` as FileDescriptor trait fn
Also:
- Fix `close` so it drops `self` instead of reference to it
- Remove FD clamping in insert_fd_with_min_fd, since FDs 0-2 can be
closed
Fix fs_libc tests
Make error message when closing stdin/out/err more specific
Return io::Result from `FileDescriptor::dup`
Change error message when closing stdin/out/err
Refactor `FileDescriptor::dup` impl for `FileHandle`
Remove empty line
Nanosleep
This PR adds a shim for `libc::nanosleep`, (available under -Zmiri-disable-isolation only) which backs `thread::sleep` on Linux and macOS. I started off by extracting the `timespec` parsing from the `pthread_cond_timedwait` shim into a helper method, and adding checks for invalid values. The second commit adds the new shim and a small test. The shim blocks the current thread, and registers a timeout callback to unblock the thread again, using the same method as `pthread_cond_timedwait` does.
Move panic payload state from Machine to Thread
This PR moves the panic payload storage from the `Machine` state to per-thread state. Prior to this change, if one thread panicked while another was still unwinding, Miri would fail with `thread 'rustc' panicked at 'the panic runtime should avoid double-panics', src/shims/panic.rs:51:9`. I ran into this issue while prototyping a round-robin scheduler, but it's also reachable with the current scheduler and contrived programs that use blocking API calls to cause thread switching during unwinding. I wrote a test case along those lines for this change.
Re-organize platform-specific shims
Move platform-specific code to `shims::{posix::{linux, macos}, windows}`. Also make it private in these modules to ensure we are reasonably structured.
Add file sync shims
This PR adds shim implementations for these related file syncing functions.
* `fsync`, for POSIX targets, backed by `File::sync_all()`
* `fdatasync`, for POSIX targets, backed by `File::sync_data()`
* `fcntl` with command `F_FULLFSYNC`, for macOS targets, backed by `File::sync_all()`
* `sync_file_range`, for Linux targets, backed by `File::sync_data()`
