Rename InternedString to LocalInternedString and introduce a new thread-safe InternedString
This is an allocation-free alternative to https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/46972.
Add inherent methods in libcore for [T], [u8], str, f32, and f64
# Background
Primitive types are defined by the language, they don’t have a type definition like `pub struct Foo { … }` in any crate. So they don’t “belong” to any crate as far as `impl` coherence is concerned, and on principle no crate would be able to define inherent methods for them, without a trait. Since we want these types to have inherent methods anyway, the standard library (with cooperation from the compiler) bends this rule with code like [`#[lang = "u8"] impl u8 { /*…*/ }`](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/1.25.0/src/libcore/num/mod.rs#L2244-L2245). The `#[lang]` attribute is permanently-unstable and never intended to be used outside of the standard library.
Each lang item can only be defined once. Before this PR there is one impl-coherence-rule-bending lang item per primitive type (plus one for `[u8]`, which overlaps with `[T]`). And so one `impl` block each. These blocks for `str`, `[T]` and `[u8]` are in liballoc rather than libcore because *some* of the methods (like `<[T]>::to_vec(&self) -> Vec<T> where T: Clone`) need a global memory allocator which we don’t want to make a requirement in libcore. Similarly, `impl f32` and `impl f64` are in libstd because some of the methods are based on FFI calls to C’s `libm` and we want, as much as possible, libcore not to require “runtime support”.
In libcore, the methods of `str` and `[T]` that don’t allocate are made available through two **unstable traits** `StrExt` and `SliceExt` (so the traits can’t be *named* by programs on the Stable release channel) that have **stable methods** and are re-exported in the libcore prelude (so that programs on Stable can *call* these methods anyway). Non-allocating `[u8]` methods are not available in libcore: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/45803. Some `f32` and `f64` methods are in an unstable `core::num::Float` trait with stable methods, but that one is **not in the libcore prelude**. (So as far as Stable programs are concerns it doesn’t exist, and I don’t know what the point was to mark these methods `#[stable]`.)
https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/32110 is the tracking issue for these unstable traits.
# High-level proposal
Since the standard library is already bending the rules, why not bend them *a little more*? By defining a few additional lang items, the compiler can allow the standard library to have *two* `impl` blocks (in different crates) for some primitive types.
The `StrExt` and `SliceExt` traits still exist for now so that we can bootstrap from a previous-version compiler that doesn’t have these lang items yet, but they can be removed in next release cycle. (`Float` is used internally and needs to be public for libcore unit tests, but was already `#[doc(hidden)]`.) I don’t know if https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/32110 should be closed by this PR, or only when the traits are entirely removed after we make a new bootstrap compiler.
# Float methods
Among the methods of the `core::num::Float` trait, three are based on LLVM intrinsics: `abs`, `signum`, and `powi`. PR https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27823 “Remove dependencies on libm functions from libcore” moved a bunch of `core::num::Float` methods back to libstd, but left these three behind. However they aren’t specifically discussed in the PR thread. The `compiler_builtins` crate defines `__powisf2` and `__powidf2` functions that look like implementations of `powi`, but I couldn’t find a connection with the `llvm.powi.f32` and `llvm.powi.f32` intrinsics by grepping through LLVM’s code.
In discussion starting at https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/32110#issuecomment-370647922 Alex says that we do not want methods in libcore that require “runtime support”, but it’s not clear whether that applies to these `abs`, `signum`, or `powi`. In doubt, I’ve **removed** them for the trait and moved them to inherent methods in libstd for now. We can move them back later (or in this PR) if we decide that’s appropriate.
# Change details
For users on the Stable release channel:
* I believe this PR does not make any breaking change
* Some methods for `[u8]`, `f32`, and `f64` are newly available to `#![no_std]` users (fixes https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/45803)
* There should be no visible change for `std` users in terms of what programs compile or what their behavior is. (Only in compiler error messages, possibly.)
For Nightly users, additionally:
* The unstable `StrExt` and `SliceExt` traits are gone
* Their methods are now inherent methods of `str` and `[T]` (so only code that explicitly named the traits should be affected, not "normal" method calls)
* The `abs`, `signum` and `powi` methods of the `Float` trait are gone
* The `Float` trait’s unstable feature name changed to `float_internals` with no associated tracking issue, to reflect it being a permanently unstable implementation detail rather than a public API on a path to stabilization.
* Its remaining methods are now inherent methods of `f32` and `f64`.
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CC @rust-lang/libs for the API changes, @rust-lang/compiler for the new lang items
… previously in the unstable core::num::Float trait.
Per https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/32110#issuecomment-379503183,
the `abs`, `signum`, and `powi` methods are *not* included for now
since they rely on LLVM intrinsics and we haven’t determined yet whether
those instrinsics lower to calls to libm functions on any platform.
Tweak some stabilizations in libstd
This commit tweaks a few stable APIs in the `beta` branch before they hit
stable. The `str::is_whitespace` and `str::is_alphanumeric` functions were
deleted (added in #49381, issue at #49657). The `and_modify` APIs added
in #44734 were altered to take a `FnOnce` closure rather than a `FnMut` closure.
Closes#49581Closes#49657
This commit tweaks a few stable APIs in the `beta` branch before they hit
stable. The `str::is_whitespace` and `str::is_alphanumeric` functions were
deleted (added in #49381, issue at #49657). The `and_modify` APIs added
in #44734 were altered to take a `FnOnce` closure rather than a `FnMut` closure.
Closes#49581Closes#49657
Make Handler more thread-safe
The use of `code_emitted` to suppress extended explanations is not thread safe. I'm not sure why we keep the documentation for errors outside `diagnostics.rs` anyway. It would be better to add a `teach` method to `DiagnosticsBuilder`, so instead of:
```
if self.tcx.sess.teach(&err.get_code().unwrap()) {
err.note("...");
}
```
we'd use `err.teach("...")`
cc @estebank
r? @michaelwoerister
rustdoc: Don't include private paths in all.html
For example the `std` [`all.html`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/all.html) includes references to the `coresimd` module which is a private implementation detail.
r? @GuillaumeGomez
Prevent broken pipes causing ICEs
As the private `std::io::print_to` panics if there is an I/O error, which is used by `println!`, the compiler would ICE if one attempted to use a broken pipe (e.g. `rustc --help | false`). This introduces a new (private) macro `try_println!` which allows us to avoid this.
As a side note, it seems this macro might be useful publicly (and actually there seems to be [a crate specifically for this purpose](https://crates.io/crates/try_print/)), though that can probably be left for a future discussion.
One slight alternative approach would be to simply early exit without an error (i.e. exit code `0`), which [this comment](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/34376#issuecomment-377822526) suggests is the usual approach. I've opted not to take that approach initially, because I think it's more helpful to know when there is a broken pipe.
Fixes#34376.
