I read this section a few times before even having a guess what
was meant, then consulted IRC for confirmation. It may be that I
was thick-headed, but I think this is a useful addition.
Note: for now, this change only affects `-windows-gnu` builds.
So why was this `libgcc` dylib dependency needed in the first place?
The stack unwinder needs to know about locations of unwind tables of all the modules loaded in the current process. The easiest portable way of achieving this is to have each module register itself with the unwinder when loaded into the process. All modules compiled by GCC do this by calling the __register_frame_info() in their startup code (that's `crtbegin.o` and `crtend.o`, which are automatically linked into any gcc output).
Another important piece is that there should be only one copy of the unwinder (and thus unwind tables registry) in the process. This pretty much means that the unwinder must be in a shared library (unless everything is statically linked).
Now, Rust compiler tries very hard to make sure that any given Rust crate appears in the final output just once. So if we link the unwinder statically to one of Rust's crates, everything should be fine.
Unfortunately, GCC startup objects are built under assumption that `libgcc` is the one true place for the unwind info registry, so I couldn't find any better way than to replace them. So out go `crtbegin`/`crtend`, in come `rsbegin`/`rsend`!
A side benefit of this change is that rustc is now more in control of the command line that goes to the linker, so we could stop using `gcc` as the linker driver and just invoke `ld` directly.
This is two sentences that have been comma spliced, and should
be split with a full stop. (This error made me stop and re-read,
and I submit this as an actual improvement to readability, not
as a grammar weird-o!)
This is two sentences that have been comma spliced, and should
be split with a full stop. (This error made me stop and re-read,
and I submit this as an actual improvement to readability, not
as a grammar weird-o!)
I put the reference under the function return operator `->` rather than near the suggested `!` operators as I thought it was more relevant there.
Resolves#29431
As displayed before this commit, I found the book confusing in its
explanation of `#`-led comments in `rust` blocks. Possibly the
biggest confusion was because the many-dashes construct does not
become an HR element in the Markdown translator used, so things were
not being properly set off.
This change should more clearly show the as-rendered content as
rendered, and the as-coded content as code.
I somehow missed a word behind the numbers while going through this section, don't know what the best approach would be though since "**available** addresses" sounds good to me, too".
As displayed before this commit, I found the book confusing in its
explanation of `#`-led comments in `rust` blocks. Possibly the
biggest confusion was because the many-dashes construct does not
become an HR element in the Markdown translator used, so things were
not being properly set off.
This change should more clearly show the as-rendered content as
rendered, and the as-coded content as code.
PR for #28157. At the moment, `rustc` emits a warning when a bare semicolon is encountered (could also be a fail, but I think this is a backwards incompatible change).
Also I am not sure where the best place for a test for that warning would be. Seems run-pass tests do not check warnings.
It's possible that there is some meaning I'm not grasping from the headers "Traits bounds for generic functions" and "Traits bounds for generic structs", but they seem to me like they could be clearer and more grammatically correct.
When reading this paragraph, the beginning Rust programmer is starting
to write a Hello World program. We have just told her to name the file
`main.rs`, and immediately afterward, a `hello_world.rs` is mentioned.
I changed this to an unrelated filename (incidentally one that appears
in this repository) to make it clear that this is just an example.
Also, wording it as a declarative sentence rather than an imperative one
further separates it from the Hello World instructions in this section.
r? @steveklabnik
(Let me know if I'm sending too many PRs -- I can batch up TRPL edits, say, per chapter, if that works better. Or I can just refrain from editing TRPL as I read through it, if these are not sufficiently useful.)
The paragraph here seemed confusing, so I reworded it. Also added
another possible reason why `curl | sh` might be objectionable to users.
r? @steveklabnik
This commit expands the "supported platforms" section of the book to include
documentation on the tiers that Rust currently has as well as organizing all
supported platforms into these various tiers. Infrastructure improvements over
the next few months are likely to change the location of may of these platforms
over, but for now this should faithfully represent what we've got today!
When reading this paragraph, the beginning Rust programmer is starting
to write a Hello World program. We have just told her to name the file
`main.rs`, and immediately afterward, a `hello_world.rs` is mentioned.
I changed this to an unrelated filename (incidentally one that appears
in this repository) to make it clear that this is just an example.
Also, wording it as a declarative sentence rather than an imperative one
further separates it from the Hello World instructions in this section.
This commit expands the "supported platforms" section of the book to include
documentation on the tiers that Rust currently has as well as organizing all
supported platforms into these various tiers. Infrastructure improvements over
the next few months are likely to change the location of may of these platforms
over, but for now this should faithfully represent what we've got today!
Yay, markdown isn't standardized and rustbook's parser has subtle incompatibilities with Github's! So in the Github preview you don't see that this list fails to separate from the previous paragraph. I think this should fix it, but I didn't check.
Remove leading newlines; replace lines containing only whitespace with empty lines; replace multiple trailing newlines with a single newline; remove trailing whitespace in lines.
This PR was created semiautomatically.
Remove leading newlines; replace lines containing only whitespace with empty lines; replace multiple trailing newlines with a single newline; remove trailing whitespace in lines
To augment the didactic effect, made placed the thread::sleep_ms call in the last example, so that there will be time for the other locks to happen; without this, I was unable to observe the deadlock in over 1,000 runs when there was no left-handed philosopher.
When going through the docs, it is not clear that binary files cannot be tested. Additionally, it is hard to find the proper structure of a Rust crate and it took me several hours of looking through the docs to find the crates and modules section. I think we can link to it from here and it will be beneficial to those who are coming to the language.
When going through the docs, it is not clear that binary files cannot be tested. Additionally, it is hard to find the proper structure of a Rust crate and it took me several hours of looking through the docs to find the crates and modules section. I think we can link to it from here and it will be beneficial to those who are coming to the language.
Regarding [#29063 _[Docs] Terminology inconsistency between 'iterator adapters' and 'iterator adaptors'_](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/29063) :
This PR replaces 'iterator adapters' appearances (in TRPL book) to 'iterator adaptors', thus embracing the terminology used along the API docs and achieving consistency between both sources.
Before this commit, the first "A Rust library" code sample produced
the following compilation warning:
```
test.rs:7:22: 7:36 warning: unnecessary parentheses around `for` head
expression, #[warn(unused_parens)] on by default
test.rs:7 for _ in (0..5_000_000) {
```
This commit just removes the parens around the range 0..5_000_000 thereby removing the compilation warning.
Regarding #29063: Replace 'iterator adapters' appearances to
'iterator adaptors', thus embracing the terminology used along the
API docs and achieving consistency between both sources.
Before this commit, the first "A Rust library" code sample produced
the following compilation warning:
```
test.rs:7:22: 7:36 warning: unnecessary parentheses around `for` head
expression, #[warn(unused_parens)] on by default
test.rs:7 for _ in (0..5_000_000) {
```
This commit just removes the parens around the range 0..5_000_000.
This patch uses the same data structures for structs and enum variants in AST and HIR. These changes in data structures lead to noticeable simplification in most of code dealing with them.
I didn't touch the top level, i.e. `ItemStruct` is still `ItemStruct` and not `ItemEnum` with one variant, like in the type checker.
As part of this patch, structures and variants get the `kind` field making distinction between "normal" structs, tuple structs and unit structs explicit instead of relying on the number of fields and presence of constructor `NodeId`. In particular, we can now distinguish empty tuple structs from unit structs, which was impossible before! Comprehensive tests for empty structs are added and some improvements to empty struct feature gates are made. Some tests don't pass due to issue https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/28692 , they are still there for completeness, but are commented out.
This patch fixes issue mentioned in https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/16819#issuecomment-139509861, now emptiness of tuple structs is checked after expansion.
It also touches https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/28750 by providing span for visit_struct_def
cc https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28336
r? @nrc
The intent with this chapter is to have a central place where users can
go to find out what a random bit of syntax means, be it a keyword,
symbol, or some unusual bit of composite syntax (like `for <...>`). This
should be useful both for new users (who may not know what to call this
weird `'blah` thing), and for experienced users (who may just wish to
link someone to the appropriate section on `Trait + Trait` bounds).
Where possible, entries have been linked to an appropriate section of
the book which explains the syntax. This was not possible in all cases.
If an entry is missing links, that's because I was unable to *find*
anything appropriate to link to.
This commit should include all stable keywords, operators and symbols,
as well as a selection of potentially confusing or unusual syntax.
Improving the use of 2nd and 3rd person
Adding a few contractions to make the text less formal
Tidying up some notes
Providing a little bit more clarification for Windows users
Replacing all references to the 2nd person with references to the 3rd
person (excluding `authors = [ "Your name <you@example.com>" ]` and
`file:///home/yourname/projects/hello_world` in `hello-cargo.md`)
* removed reference to struct fields from `mut` description.
* changed `..` pattern example to not be syntactically bogus.
* changed `@` pattern example for similar reasons.
(Thanks petrochenkov)
The intent with this chapter is to have a central place where users can
go to find out what a random bit of syntax means, be it a keyword,
symbol, or some unusual bit of composite syntax (like `for <...>`). This
should be useful both for new users (who may not know what to call this
weird `'blah` thing), and for experienced users (who may just wish to
link someone to the appropriate section on `Trait + Trait` bounds).
Where possible, entries have been linked to an appropriate section of
the book which explains the syntax. This was not possible in all cases.
If an entry is missing links, that's because I was unable to *find*
anything appropriate to link to.
This commit should include all stable keywords, operators and symbols,
as well as a selection of potentially confusing or unusual syntax.
This adds a chapter to the nightly section of the book on leveraging and
implementing the `#![allocator]` attribute to write custom allocators as well as
explaining the current situation with allocators.
I found these automatically, but fixed them manually to ensure the semantics are correct. I know things like these are hardly important, since they only marginally improve clarity. But at least for me typos and simple grammatical errors trigger an---unjustified---sense of unprofessionalism, despite the fact that I make them all the time and I understand that they're the sort of thing that is bound to slip through review.
Anyway, to find most of these I used:
* `ag '.*//.*(\b[A-Za-z]{2,}\b) \1\b'` for repeated words
* `ag '\b(the|this|those|these|a|it) (a|the|this|those|these|it)\b'` to find constructs like 'the this' etc. many false positives, but not too hard to scroll through them to actually find the mistakes.
* `cat ../../typos.txt | paste -d'|' - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - | tr '\n' '\0' | xargs -0 -P4 -n1 ag`. Hacky way to find misspellings, but it works ok. I got `typos.txt` from [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Lists_of_common_misspellings/For_machines)
* `ag '.*//.* a ([ae][a-z]|(o[^n])|(i[a-rt-z]))'` to find places where 'a' was followed by a vowel (requiring 'an' instead).
I also used a handful more one off regexes that are too boring to reproduce here.
This adds a chapter to the nightly section of the book on leveraging and
implementing the `#![allocator]` attribute to write custom allocators as well as
explaining the current situation with allocators.
The diff can hopefully speak for itself. Regardless: this chapter of the book contained a sentence where "the" was mistakenly repeated twice. In this same section, there was a comma separating two sentences where a period should have been. This PR fixes both issues.
This is to address issue #28803 by improving some of the references to closures, to explain what they are more clearly, while hopefully still being concise.
r? @steveklabnik
Implement cannot-assume-parametricity (CAP) from RFC 1238, and add the
UGEH attribute.
----
Note that we check for the attribute attached to the dtor method, not
the Drop impl.
(This is just to match the specification of RFC and the tests; I am
not wedded to this approach.)
The "Rust Inside Other Languages" page includes a library example. The
reference specifies printing "done!" when the code finishes running, and
the language examples (Ruby, Python, JS) all do this in their code.
However, the Rust library example code *also* does this, so that the
examples as written would output "done!" twice.
This removes the "done!" from the Rust example code to clarify the docs.
This is part of #28572, but doesn't complete it. Amongst other things,
this patch:
* Increases consistency in the way feature flags are used with other
docs.
* Removes the ignores, which is nice: we actually had some syntax errors
in the examples 😭.
* Mentions #![no_core]
Realistically, this document used to be in the order of least to most:
nothing, then adding core. But with the changes in RFC 1184, this is
backwards: it now shows stuff that uses core from the beginning. In the
future, I'd like to revamp this to go from 'most to least', but I'd like
to see the discussion in https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/27701
goes before I write more.
We don't completely cover documentation tests in the testing chapter,
since we cover them in the documentation chapter. So make sure people
know that.
Fixes#28082
The original blog post referred to examples by their file names, and now
that it's in guide form, there is no file name. So edit the text so that
it makes a bit more sense.
Fixes#28428
The links in the rustdoc for several places in fmt were trying to link to
the std::fmt module but actually linking to std, which was confusing.
While trying to figure out why I noticed that the documentation chapter of
the Rust book has examples that show this same bug (although it doesn't seem
widespread in practice).
r? @steveklabnik
We don't completely cover documentation tests in the testing chapter,
since we cover them in the documentation chapter. So make sure people
know that.
Fixes#28082
The original blog post referred to examples by their file names, and now
that it's in guide form, there is no file name. So edit the text so that
it makes a bit more sense.
Fixes#28428
The links in the rustdoc for several places in fmt were trying to link to
the std::fmt module but actually linking to std, which was confusing.
While trying to figure out why I noticed that the documentation chapter of
the Rust book has examples that show this same bug (although it doesn't seem
widespread in practice).
