docs: make some text changes on Section `Macros`
(1) In contrast to `that`, `so that` expresses `result` indicated by the sentence, not `reason`;
(2) `block` is an expression, and may be have an expression, so I add `optionally an expression` to make more precise;
~~(3) When I read here, I was confused with what `the child` referred to. After modification, it would be better.~~
Remove trailing whitespace at the end of lines
According the rules of styling Rust code there should not be trailing whitespace at the end of lines or files. I thought that it might be good to remove trailing whitespace from other files also, if it does not break anything.
(1) In contrast to `that`, `so that` expresses `result` indicated by the sentence, not `reason`;
(2) `block` is an expression, and may be have an expression, so I add `optional an expression` to make more precise;
(3) When I read here, I was confused with what `the child` referred to. After modification, it would be better.
Add note on `str` being an unsized type in strings section of book
The book section on Rust strings mentions `&str` and `String` but does not address why `str` is not used directly. This adds a short blurb and a link to the unsized types chapter. The second draft of the book will go more in-depth on this, but this should help a bit for now. Thanks #rust for clarifying this point, and let me know if it needs rewording or different placement 😄.
CC @steveklabnik @Kimundi
Document heap allocation location guarantee
```
14:25 < aidanhs> is there any guarantee that boxes will not move the value on the heap when they are moved?
14:26 <@steveklabnik> aidanhs: ... i'm not sure if it's a guarantee, but it follows, generally
14:26 <@steveklabnik> aidanhs: moves mean memcpy, so you're memcpying the structure of the box itself, which is copying the pointer
14:26 <@steveklabnik> so the pointer won't be updated
14:26 <@steveklabnik> moves cannot do complex things like move the memory around on the heap
14:26 <@kmc> aidanhs: I would say it's guaranteed
14:27 < aidanhs> steveklabnik: yeah, that's what I was thinking, it'd be pretty strange for rust to do something, but I couldn't find any docs one way or the other
14:27 <@steveklabnik> kmc: aidanhs yeah, it's like a borderline thing that we don't explicitly guanratee but i think IS guaranteed by our other guarantees
14:27 <@steveklabnik> mostly that move == memcpy
14:28 < aidanhs> kmc: steveklabnik great thanks! would a PR to the rust reference along these lines be ok?
14:28 < jmesmon> aidanhs: I believe owning_ref has some discussion of that (stable references)
14:29 <@steveklabnik> aidanhs: i would probably take that, yeah
14:29 < aidanhs> jmesmon: thanks, I'll take a look at that
```
https://botbot.me/mozilla/rust/2016-02-22/?msg=60657619&page=18
r? @steveklabnik
Docs: Change "statements" to "expressions" on `match`
I apt to use `expressions` over `statements`, because `match` is a expression in essence, though it can become a statement when followed a semicolon.
Simplifying some of the phrasing explaining lifetime elision
Just simplifying some of the language expressing what kind of inference Rust can and can't do on function signatures.
Update of the book; Error handling, section on custom error types: we…
… should also show the changes to the `cause` method.
When I started creating my own error type, I found that we also have to update the cause method, otherwise we have a missing match branch.
It would also be nice to elaborate on the relationship and difference between the description() and fmt() method, but that should be done by someone with more experience with them. :)
docs: `let` introduces a statement
I changes *expression* to *statement* to make more accurate, because in Rust, `let` introduces a declaration statement.
Add a link validator to rustbuild
This commit was originally targeted at just adding a link checking script to the rustbuild system. This ended up snowballing a bit to extend rustbuild to be amenable to various tools we have as part of the build system in general.
There's a new `src/tools` directory which has a number of scripts/programs that are purely intended to be used as part of the build system and CI of this repository. This is currently inhabited by rustbook, the error index generator, and a new linkchecker script added as part of this PR. I suspect that more tools like compiletest, tidy scripts, snapshot scripts, etc will migrate their way into this directory over time.
The commit which adds the error index generator shows the steps necessary to add new tools to the build system, namely:
1. New steps are defined for building the tool and running the tool
2. The dependencies are configured
3. The steps are implemented
In terms of the link checker, these commits do a few things:
* A new `src/tools/linkchecker` script is added. This will read an entire documentation tree looking for broken relative links (HTTP links aren't followed yet).
* A large number of broken links throughout the documentation were fixed. Many of these were just broken when viewed from core as opposed to std, but were easily fixed.
* A few rustdoc bugs here and there were fixed
Small grammar fix in Guessing Game
When it was Option.expect(), there was an .ok().expect(), but now that it uses Result.expect(), there's only one method, not two.
Fixes#31912
Remove final note from testing chapter.
The information that documentation tests cannot be run in binary crates is already given at the beginning of the section.
A few categories:
* Links into compiler docs were just all removed as we're not generating
compiler docs.
* Move up one more level to forcibly go to std docs to fix inlined documentation
across the facade crates.
