Consolidate two almost duplicated fn info extraction routines
Moves `extract_callable_info` up to trait selection, because it was being (almost) duplicated fully there for similar diagnostic purposes. This also generalizes the diagnostics we can give slightly (see UI test).
Suggestion for type mismatch when we need a u8 but the programmer wrote a char literal
Today Rust just points out that we have a char and we need a u8, but if I wrote 'A' then I could fix this by just writing b'A' instead. This code should detect the case where we're about to report a type mismatch of this kind, and the programmer wrote a char literal, and the char they wrote is ASCII, so therefore just prefixing b to make a byte literal will do what they meant.
I have definitely written this mistake more than once, it's not difficult to figure out what to do, but the compiler might as well tell us anyway.
I provided a test with two simple examples where the suggestion is appropriate, and one where it is not because the char literal is not ASCII, showing that the suggestion is only triggered in the former cases.
I have contributed only a small typo doc fix before, so this is my first substantive rustc change.
Emit a hint for bad call return types due to generic arguments
When the return type of a function call depends on the type of an argument, e.g.
```
fn foo<T>(x: T) -> T {
x
}
```
and the expected type is set due to either an explicitly typed binding, or because the call to the function is in a tail position without semicolon, the current error implies that the argument in the call has the wrong type.
This new hint highlights that the expected type doesn't match the returned type, which matches the argument type, and that that's why we're flagging the argument type.
Fixes#43608.
When the return type of a function call depends on the type of an
argument, e.g.
```
fn foo<T>(x: T) -> T {
x
}
```
and the expected type is set due to either an explicitly typed
binding, or because the call to the function is in a tail position
without semicolon, the current error implies that the argument in the
call has the wrong type.
This new hint highlights that the expected type doesn't match the
returned type, which matches the argument type, and that that's why
we're flagging the argument type.
Fixes#43608.
Migrate mir_build diagnostics 2 of 3
The first three commits are fairly boring, however I've made some changes to the output of the match checking diagnostics.
Fix invalid syntax and incomplete suggestion in impl Trait parameter type suggestions for E0311
Fixes#105544
The problems: The suggestion given for E0311 has invalid syntax when the synthetic type parameter is used for Trait type in function declaration:
```rust
fn foo(d: impl Sized) -> impl Sized
```
instead of explicitly specified like the following:
```rust
fn foo<T: Sized>(d: T) -> impl Sized
```
In addition to the syntax error, the suggestions given for E0311 are not complete when multiple elided lifetimes are involved in lifetime bounds, not all involved parameters are given the named lifetime in the suggestions. For the following test case:
```
fn foo(d: impl Sized, p: &mut ()) -> impl Sized + '_ {
(d, p)
}
```
a good suggestion should add the lifetime 'a to both d and p, instead of d only:
```
fn foo<'a>(d: impl Sized + 'a, p: &'a mut ()) -> impl Sized + '_ {
(d, p)
}
```
The Solution: Fix the syntax problem in the suggestions when synthetic type parameter is used, and also add lifetimes for all involved parameters.
