Sometimes when writing generic code you want to abstract over
owning/pointer type so that calling code isn't restricted by one
concrete owning/pointer type. This commit makes possible such code:
```rust
fn i_will_work_with_arc<T: Into<Arc<MyTy>>>(t: T) {
let the_arc = t.into();
// Do something
}
i_will_work_with_arc(MyTy::new());
i_will_work_with_arc(Box::new(MyTy::new()));
let arc_that_i_already_have = Arc::new(MyTy::new());
i_will_work_with_arc(arc_that_i_already_have);
```
Please note that this patch doesn't work with DSTs.
Also to mention, I made those impls stable, and I don't know whether they should be actually stable from the beginning. Please tell me if this should be feature-gated.
Did this alphabetically, so I didn't see [how `std` was doing things](https://dxr.mozilla.org/rust/source/src/libstd/lib.rs#215) till I was nearly finished. If you prefer to add crate-level-whitelists like std instead of test-level, I can rebase with that strategy.
A number of these commits can probably be dropped as the crates don't have much to test, and are deprecated. Let me know which if any to drop! (can also squash after review if desired)
r? @steveklabnik
Sometimes when writing generic code you want to abstract over
owning/pointer type so that calling code isn't restricted by one
concrete owning/pointer type. This commit makes possible such code:
```
fn i_will_work_with_arc<T: Into<Arc<MyTy>>>(t: T) {
let the_arc = t.into();
// Do something
}
i_will_work_with_arc(MyTy::new());
i_will_work_with_arc(Box::new(MyTy::new()));
let arc_that_i_already_have = Arc::new(MyTy::new());
i_will_work_with_arc(arc_that_i_already_have);
```
Please note that this patch doesn't work with DSTs.
`Rc::try_unwrap` and `Rc::make_mut` are stable since 1.4.0, but the example code still has `#![feature(rc_unique)]`. Ideally the stable and beta docs would be updated, but I don't think that's possible...
Before this patch `reserve` function allocated twice as requested
amount elements (not twice as capacity). It leaded to unnecessary
excessive memory usage in scenarios like this:
```
let mut v = Vec::new();
v.push(17);
v.extend(0..10);
println!("{}", v.capacity());
```
`Vec` allocated 22 elements, while it could allocate just 11.
`reserve` function must have a property of keeping `push` operation
cost (which calls `reserve`) `O(1)`. To achieve this `reserve` must
exponentialy grow its capacity when it does reallocation.
There's better strategy to implement `reserve`:
```
let new_capacity = max(current_capacity * 2, requested_capacity);
```
This strategy still guarantees that capacity grows at `O(1)` with
`reserve`, and fixes the issue with `extend`.
Patch imlpements this strategy.
Before this patch `reserve` function allocated twice as requested
amount elements (not twice as capacity). It leaded to unnecessary
excessive memory usage in scenarios like this:
```
let mut v = Vec::new();
v.push(17);
v.extend(0..10);
println!("{}", v.capacity());
```
`Vec` allocated 22 elements, while it could allocate just 11.
`reserve` function must have a property of keeping `push` operation
cost (which calls `reserve`) `O(1)`. To achieve this `reserve` must
exponentialy grow its capacity when it does reallocation.
There's better strategy to implement `reserve`:
```
let new_capacity = max(current_capacity * 2, requested_capacity);
```
This strategy still guarantees that capacity grows at `O(1)` with
`reserve`, and fixes the issue with `extend`.
Patch imlpements this strategy.
This change has two consequences:
1. It makes `Arc<T>` and `Rc<T>` covariant in `T`.
2. It causes the compiler to reject code that was unsound with respect
to dropck. See compile-fail/issue-29106.rs for an example of code that
no longer compiles. Because of this, this is a [breaking-change].
Fixes#29037.
Fixes#29106.
The text says it's a vector of floats, but the code actually uses a vector of integers. The type of the Vec doesn't really matter, so I just cut it from the text.
I needed it in `RawVec`, `Vec`, and `TypedArena` for `rustc` to
bootstrap; but of course that alone was not sufficient for `make
check`.
Later I added `unsafe_destructor_blind_to_params` to collections, in
particular `LinkedList` and `RawTable` (the backing representation for
`HashMap` and `HashSet`), to get the regression tests exercising
cyclic structure from PR #27185 building.
----
Note that the feature is `dropck_parametricity` (which is not the same
as the attribute's name). We will almost certainly vary our strategy
here in the future, so it makes some sense to have a not-as-ugly name
for the feature gate. (The attribute name was deliberately selected to
be ugly looking.)
These common traits were left off originally by accident from these smart
pointers, and a past attempt (#26008) to add them was later reverted (#26160)
due to unexpected breakge (#26096) occurring. The specific breakage in worry is
the meaning of this return value changed:
let a: Box<Option<T>> = ...;
a.as_ref()
Currently this returns `Option<&T>` but after this change it will return
`&Option<T>` because the `AsRef::as_ref` method shares the same name as
`Option::as_ref`. A [crater report][crater] of this change, however, has shown
that the fallout of this change is quite minimal. These trait implementations
are "the right impls to add" to these smart pointers and would enable various
generalizations such as those in #27197.
[crater]: https://gist.github.com/anonymous/0ba4c3512b07641c0f99
This commit is a breaking change for the above reasons mentioned, and the
mitigation strategies look like any of:
Option::as_ref(&a)
a.as_ref().as_ref()
(*a).as_ref()
These commits move libcore into a state so that it's ready for stabilization, performing some minor cleanup:
* The primitive modules for integers in the standard library were all removed from the source tree as they were just straight reexports of the libcore variants.
* The `core::atomic` module now lives in `core::sync::atomic`. The `core::sync` module is otherwise empty, but ripe for expansion!
* The `core::prelude::v1` module was stabilized after auditing that it is a subset of the standard library's prelude plus some primitive extension traits (char, str, and slice)
* Some unstable-hacks for float parsing errors were shifted around to not use the same unstable hacks (e.g. the `flt2dec` module is now used for "privacy").
After this commit, the remaining large unstable functionality specific to libcore is:
* `raw`, `intrinsics`, `nonzero`, `array`, `panicking`, `simd` -- these modules are all unstable or not reexported in the standard library, so they're just remaining in the same status quo as before
* `num::Float` - this extension trait for floats needs to be audited for functionality (much of that is happening in #27823) and may also want to be renamed to `FloatExt` or `F32Ext`/`F64Ext`.
* Should the extension traits for primitives be stabilized in libcore?
I believe other unstable pieces are not isolated to just libcore but also affect the standard library.
cc #27701
* Add previously omitted function `Arc::try_unwrap(Self) -> Result<T, Self>`
* Move `arc.downgrade()` to `Arc::downgrade(&Self)` per conventions.
* Deprecate `Arc::weak_count` and `Arc::strong_count` for raciness. It is almost
impossible to correctly act on these results without a CAS loop on the actual
fields.
* Rename `Arc::make_unique` to `Arc::make_mut` to avoid uniqueness terminology
and to clarify relation to `Arc::get_mut`.
* Add `Rc::would_unwrap(&Self) -> bool` to introspect whether try_unwrap would succeed,
because it's destructive (unlike get_mut).
* Move `rc.downgrade()` to `Rc::downgrade(&Self)` per conventions.
* Deprecate `Rc::weak_count` and `Rc::strong_count` for questionable utility.
* Deprecate `Rc::is_unique` for questionable semantics (there are two kinds of
uniqueness with Weak pointers in play).
* Rename `rc.make_unique()` to `Rc::make_mut(&mut Self)` per conventions, to
avoid uniqueness terminology, and to clarify the relation to `Rc::get_mut`.
This commit is an implementation of [RFC 1183][rfc] which allows swapping out
the default allocator on nightly Rust. No new stable surface area should be
added as a part of this commit.
[rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/1183
Two new attributes have been added to the compiler:
* `#![needs_allocator]` - this is used by liballoc (and likely only liballoc) to
indicate that it requires an allocator crate to be in scope.
* `#![allocator]` - this is a indicator that the crate is an allocator which can
satisfy the `needs_allocator` attribute above.
The ABI of the allocator crate is defined to be a set of symbols that implement
the standard Rust allocation/deallocation functions. The symbols are not
currently checked for exhaustiveness or typechecked. There are also a number of
restrictions on these crates:
* An allocator crate cannot transitively depend on a crate that is flagged as
needing an allocator (e.g. allocator crates can't depend on liballoc).
* There can only be one explicitly linked allocator in a final image.
* If no allocator is explicitly requested one will be injected on behalf of the
compiler. Binaries and Rust dylibs will use jemalloc by default where
available and staticlibs/other dylibs will use the system allocator by
default.
Two allocators are provided by the distribution by default, `alloc_system` and
`alloc_jemalloc` which operate as advertised.
Closes#27389
This commit removes all unstable and deprecated functions in the standard
library. A release was recently cut (1.3) which makes this a good time for some
spring cleaning of the deprecated functions.
The replacements are functions that usually use a single `mem::transmute` in
their body and restrict input and output via more concrete types than `T` and
`U`. Worth noting are the `transmute` functions for slices and the `from_utf8*`
family for mutable slices. Additionally, `mem::transmute` was often used for
casting raw pointers, when you can already cast raw pointers just fine with
`as`.
This commit is an implementation of [RFC 1184][rfc] which tweaks the behavior of
the `#![no_std]` attribute and adds a new `#![no_core]` attribute. The
`#![no_std]` attribute now injects `extern crate core` at the top of the crate
as well as the libcore prelude into all modules (in the same manner as the
standard library's prelude). The `#![no_core]` attribute disables both std and
core injection.
[rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/1184
This is a minor [breaking-change], as it changes what
`boxed_str.to_owned()` does (previously it would deref to `&str` and
call `to_owned` on that to get a `String`). However `Box<str>` is such an
exceptionally rare type that this is not expected to be a serious
concern. Also a `Box<str>` can be freely converted to a `String` to
obtain the previous result anyway.
