This commit is intended to go through and review/refactor the azure
pipelines configuration we have. The major changes are:
* The separate `{windows,macos,linux}.yml` files are now all merged into
one `run.yml`. This allows a shared "master flow" for all platforms
with divergence only where necessary.
* Some install steps have been separated as `install-*.yml` scripts,
where each script internally matches on the appropriate OS and then
delegates accordingly.
* Some various bits and pieces of cruft have been removed which were
artifacts of Travis's setup or similar.
As the infra team we decided to have an hard timeout of 3 hours on all
the jobs: while this sometimes causes spurious timeout errors it's a
great limit to prevent CI time to grow even more.
