1. Detect and report arithmetic overflow during const-expr eval.
2. Instead `eval_const_expr_partial` returning `Err(String)`, it now
has a dedicated enum of different cases. The main benefit of this
is the ability to pass along an interpretable payload, namely the
two inputs that caused an overlfow.
I attempted to minimize fallout to error output in tests, but some was
unavoidable. Those changes are in a follow-on commit.
