Implement `?const` opt-out for trait bounds
For now, such bounds are treated exactly the same as unprefixed ones in all contexts. [RFC 2632](https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/2632) does not specify whether such bounds are forbidden outside of `const` contexts, so they are allowed at the moment.
Prior to this PR, the constness of a trait bound/impl was stored in `TraitRef`. Now, the constness of an `impl` is stored in `ast::ItemKind::Impl` and the constness of a bound in `ast::TraitBoundModifer`. Additionally, constness of trait bounds is now stored in an additional field of `ty::Predicate::Trait`, and the combination of the constness of the item along with any `TraitBoundModifier` determines the constness of the bound in accordance with the RFC. Encoding the constness of impls at the `ty` level is left for a later PR.
After a discussion in \#wg-grammar on Discord, it was decided that the grammar should not encode the mutual exclusivity of trait bound modifiers. The grammar for trait bound modifiers remains `[?const] [?]`. To encode this, I add a dummy variant to `ast::TraitBoundModifier` that is used when the syntax `?const ?` appears. This variant causes an error in AST validation and disappears during HIR lowering.
cc #67794
r? @oli-obk
Move more of `rustc::lint` into `rustc_lint`
Based on https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/67806.
Here we try to consolidate more of the linting infra into `rustc::lint`. Some high-level notes:
- We now store an `Lrc<dyn Any + Send + Sync>` as opposed to `Lrc<LintStore>` in the `GlobalCtxt`. This enables us to avoid referring to the type, breaking a cyclic dependency, and so we can move things from `rustc::lint` to `rustc_lint`.
- `in_derive_expansion` is, and needs to, be moved as a method on `Span`.
- We reduce the number of ways on `tcx` to emit a lint so that the developer UX is more streamlined.
- `LintLevelsBuilder` is moved to `rustc_lint::levels`, leaving behind `LintLevelMap/Set` in a purified form due to current constraints (hopefully fixable in the future after https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/68133).
- `struct_lint_level` is moved to `rustc::lint` due to current dependency constraints.
- `rustc::lint::context` is moved to `rustc_lint::context`.
- The visitors in `rustc::lint` are moved to `rustc_lint::passes`.
rustc_ast_lowering: misc cleanup & rustc dep reductions
- The first two commits do some code simplification.
- The next three do some file splitting (getting `lib.rs` below the 3kloc tidy lint).
- The remaining commits reduce the number of `rustc::` imports. This works towards making lowering independent of the `rustc` crate.
r? @oli-obk cc @Zoxc
This means the new syntax will always fail to compile, even when the
feature gate is enabled. These checks will be removed in a later PR
once the implementation is done.
