This PR substantially narrows the notion of a "runtime" in Rust, and allows calling into Rust code directly without any setup or teardown.
After this PR, the basic "runtime support" in Rust will consist of:
* Unwinding and backtrace support
* Stack guards
Other support, such as helper threads for timers or the notion of a "current thread" are initialized automatically upon first use.
When using Rust in an embedded context, it should now be possible to call a Rust function directly as a C function with absolutely no setup, though in that case panics will cause the process to abort. In this regard, the C/Rust interface will look much like the C/C++ interface.
In more detail, this PR:
* Merges `librustrt` back into `std::rt`, undoing the facade. While doing so, it removes a substantial amount of redundant functionality (such as mutexes defined in the `rt` module). Code using `librustrt` can now call into `std::rt` to e.g. start executing Rust code with unwinding support.
* Allows all runtime data to be initialized lazily, including the "current thread", the "at_exit" infrastructure, and the "args" storage.
* Deprecates and largely removes `std::task` along with the widespread requirement that there be a "current task" for many APIs in `std`. The entire task infrastructure is replaced with `std::thread`, which provides a more standard API for manipulating and creating native OS threads. In particular, it's possible to join on a created thread, and to get a handle to the currently-running thread. In addition, threads are equipped with some basic blocking support in the form of `park`/`unpark` operations (following a tradition in some OSes as well as the JVM). See the `std::thread` documentation for more details.
* Channels are refactored to use a new internal blocking infrastructure that itself sits on top of `park`/`unpark`.
One important change here is that a Rust program ends when its main thread does, following most threading models. On the other hand, threads will often be created with an RAII-style join handle that will re-institute blocking semantics naturally (and with finer control).
This is very much a:
[breaking-change]
Closes#18000
r? @alexcrichton
This commit is part of a series that introduces a `std::thread` API to
replace `std::task`.
In the new API, `spawn` returns a `JoinGuard`, which by default will
join the spawned thread when dropped. It can also be used to join
explicitly at any time, returning the thread's result. Alternatively,
the spawned thread can be explicitly detached (so no join takes place).
As part of this change, Rust processes now terminate when the main
thread exits, even if other detached threads are still running, moving
Rust closer to standard threading models. This new behavior may break code
that was relying on the previously implicit join-all.
In addition to the above, the new thread API also offers some built-in
support for building blocking abstractions in user space; see the module
doc for details.
Closes#18000
[breaking-change]
followed by a semicolon.
This allows code like `vec![1i, 2, 3].len();` to work.
This breaks code that uses macros as statements without putting
semicolons after them, such as:
fn main() {
...
assert!(a == b)
assert!(c == d)
println(...);
}
It also breaks code that uses macros as items without semicolons:
local_data_key!(foo)
fn main() {
println("hello world")
}
Add semicolons to fix this code. Those two examples can be fixed as
follows:
fn main() {
...
assert!(a == b);
assert!(c == d);
println(...);
}
local_data_key!(foo);
fn main() {
println("hello world")
}
RFC #378.
Closes#18635.
[breaking-change]
This narrows the definition of nested returns such that only when the
outer return has a chance of being executed (due to the inner return
being conditional) do we mark the function as having nested returns.
Fixes#19684
per rfc 459
cc https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/19390
One question is: should we start by warning, and only switch to hard error later? I think we discussed something like this in the meeting.
r? @alexcrichton
- The following operator traits now take their arguments by value: `Add`, `Sub`, `Mul`, `Div`, `Rem`, `BitAnd`, `BitOr`, `BitXor`, `Shl`, `Shr`. This breaks all existing implementations of these traits.
- The binary operation `a OP b` now "desugars" to `OpTrait::op_method(a, b)` and consumes both arguments.
- `String` and `Vec` addition have been changed to reuse the LHS owned value, and to avoid internal cloning. Only the following asymmetric operations are available: `String + &str` and `Vec<T> + &[T]`, which are now a short-hand for the "append" operation.
[breaking-change]
---
This passes `make check` locally. I haven't touch the unary operators in this PR, but converting them to by value should be very similar to this PR. I can work on them after this gets the thumbs up.
@nikomatsakis r? the compiler changes
@aturon r? the library changes. I think the only controversial bit is the semantic change of the `Vec`/`String` `Add` implementation.
cc #19148
On AArch64, libc::c_char is u8. There are some places in the code where i8 is assumed, which causes compilation errors.
(AArch64 is not officially supported yet, but this change does not hurt any other targets and makes the code future-proof.)
This patch does not itself enable generalized where clauses, but it lays the groundwork. Rather than storing a list of bounds per type parameter, the trait selection and other logic is now driven by a unified list of predicates. All predicate handling is now driven through a common interface. This also fixes a number of bugs where region predicates were being dropped on the floor. As a drive-by, this patch also fixes some bugs in the opt-out-copy feature flag.
That said, this patch does not change the parser or AST in any way, so we still *generate* the list of predicates by walking a list of bounds (and we still *store* the bounds on the `TypeParameterDef` and so on). Those will get patched in a follow-up.
The commits in this case are standalone; the first few are simple refactorings.
r? @nick29581
cc @aturon
in most cases, just the error message changed, but in some cases we
are reporting new errors that OUGHT to have been reported before but
we're overlooked (mostly involving the `'static` bound on `Send`).
These probably happened during the merge of the commit that made `Copy` opt-in.
Also, convert the last occurence of `/**` to `///` in `src/libstd/num/strconv.rs`
This detects (a subset of) the cases when `transmute::<T, U>(x)` can be
lowered to a direct `bitcast T x to U` in LLVM. This assists with
efficiently handling a SIMD vector as multiple different types,
e.g. swapping bytes/words/double words around inside some larger vector
type.
C compilers like GCC and Clang handle integer vector types as `__m128i`
for all widths, and implicitly insert bitcasts as required. This patch
allows Rust to express this, even if it takes a bit of `unsafe`, whereas
previously it was impossible to do at all without inline assembly.
Example:
pub fn reverse_u32s(u: u64x2) -> u64x2 {
unsafe {
let tmp = mem::transmute::<_, u32x4>(u);
let swapped = u32x4(tmp.3, tmp.2, tmp.1, tmp.0);
mem::transmute::<_, u64x2>(swapped)
}
}
Compiling with `--opt-level=3` gives:
Before
define <2 x i64> @_ZN12reverse_u32s20hbdb206aba18a03d8tbaE(<2 x i64>) unnamed_addr #0 {
entry-block:
%1 = bitcast <2 x i64> %0 to i128
%u.0.extract.trunc = trunc i128 %1 to i32
%u.4.extract.shift = lshr i128 %1, 32
%u.4.extract.trunc = trunc i128 %u.4.extract.shift to i32
%u.8.extract.shift = lshr i128 %1, 64
%u.8.extract.trunc = trunc i128 %u.8.extract.shift to i32
%u.12.extract.shift = lshr i128 %1, 96
%u.12.extract.trunc = trunc i128 %u.12.extract.shift to i32
%2 = insertelement <4 x i32> undef, i32 %u.12.extract.trunc, i64 0
%3 = insertelement <4 x i32> %2, i32 %u.8.extract.trunc, i64 1
%4 = insertelement <4 x i32> %3, i32 %u.4.extract.trunc, i64 2
%5 = insertelement <4 x i32> %4, i32 %u.0.extract.trunc, i64 3
%6 = bitcast <4 x i32> %5 to <2 x i64>
ret <2 x i64> %6
}
_ZN12reverse_u32s20hbdb206aba18a03d8tbaE:
.cfi_startproc
movd %xmm0, %rax
punpckhqdq %xmm0, %xmm0
movd %xmm0, %rcx
movq %rcx, %rdx
shrq $32, %rdx
movq %rax, %rsi
shrq $32, %rsi
movd %eax, %xmm0
movd %ecx, %xmm1
punpckldq %xmm0, %xmm1
movd %esi, %xmm2
movd %edx, %xmm0
punpckldq %xmm2, %xmm0
punpckldq %xmm1, %xmm0
retq
After
define <2 x i64> @_ZN12reverse_u32s20hbdb206aba18a03d8tbaE(<2 x i64>) unnamed_addr #0 {
entry-block:
%1 = bitcast <2 x i64> %0 to <4 x i32>
%2 = shufflevector <4 x i32> %1, <4 x i32> undef, <4 x i32> <i32 3, i32 2, i32 1, i32 0>
%3 = bitcast <4 x i32> %2 to <2 x i64>
ret <2 x i64> %3
}
_ZN12reverse_u32s20hbdb206aba18a03d8tbaE:
.cfi_startproc
pshufd $27, %xmm0, %xmm0
retq
These probably happened during the merge of the commit that made `Copy` opt-in.
Also, convert the last occurence of `/**` to `///` in `src/libstd/num/strconv.rs`
This change makes the compiler no longer infer whether types (structures
and enumerations) implement the `Copy` trait (and thus are implicitly
copyable). Rather, you must implement `Copy` yourself via `impl Copy for
MyType {}`.
A new warning has been added, `missing_copy_implementations`, to warn
you if a non-generic public type has been added that could have
implemented `Copy` but didn't.
For convenience, you may *temporarily* opt out of this behavior by using
`#![feature(opt_out_copy)]`. Note though that this feature gate will never be
accepted and will be removed by the time that 1.0 is released, so you should
transition your code away from using it.
This breaks code like:
#[deriving(Show)]
struct Point2D {
x: int,
y: int,
}
fn main() {
let mypoint = Point2D {
x: 1,
y: 1,
};
let otherpoint = mypoint;
println!("{}{}", mypoint, otherpoint);
}
Change this code to:
#[deriving(Show)]
struct Point2D {
x: int,
y: int,
}
impl Copy for Point2D {}
fn main() {
let mypoint = Point2D {
x: 1,
y: 1,
};
let otherpoint = mypoint;
println!("{}{}", mypoint, otherpoint);
}
This is the backwards-incompatible part of #13231.
Part of RFC #3.
[breaking-change]
Now that we have an overloaded comparison (`==`) operator, and that `Vec`/`String` deref to `[T]`/`str` on method calls, many `as_slice()`/`as_mut_slice()`/`to_string()` calls have become redundant. This patch removes them. These were the most common patterns:
- `assert_eq(test_output.as_slice(), "ground truth")` -> `assert_eq(test_output, "ground truth")`
- `assert_eq(test_output, "ground truth".to_string())` -> `assert_eq(test_output, "ground truth")`
- `vec.as_mut_slice().sort()` -> `vec.sort()`
- `vec.as_slice().slice(from, to)` -> `vec.slice(from_to)`
---
Note that e.g. `a_string.push_str(b_string.as_slice())` has been left untouched in this PR, since we first need to settle down whether we want to favor the `&*b_string` or the `b_string[]` notation.
This is rebased on top of #19167
cc @alexcrichton @aturon
In regards to:
https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/19253#issuecomment-64836729
This commit:
* Changes the #deriving code so that it generates code that utilizes fewer
reexports (in particur Option::* and Result::*), which is necessary to
remove those reexports in the future
* Changes other areas of the codebase so that fewer reexports are utilized
Comparison traits have gained an `Rhs` input parameter that defaults to `Self`. And now the comparison operators can be overloaded to work between different types. In particular, this PR allows the following operations (and their commutative versions):
- `&str` == `String` == `CowString`
- `&[A]` == `&mut [B]` == `Vec<C>` == `CowVec<D>` == `[E, ..N]` (for `N` up to 32)
- `&mut A` == `&B` (for `Sized` `A` and `B`)
Where `A`, `B`, `C`, `D`, `E` may be different types that implement `PartialEq`. For example, these comparisons are now valid: `string == "foo"`, and `vec_of_strings == ["Hello", "world"]`.
[breaking-change]s
Since the `==` may now work on different types, operations that relied on the old "same type restriction" to drive type inference, will need to be type annotated. These are the most common fallout cases:
- `some_vec == some_iter.collect()`: `collect` needs to be type annotated: `collect::<Vec<_>>()`
- `slice == &[a, b, c]`: RHS doesn't get coerced to an slice, use an array instead `[a, b, c]`
- `lhs == []`: Change expression to `lhs.is_empty()`
- `lhs == some_generic_function()`: Type annotate the RHS as necessary
cc #19148
r? @aturon
This detects (a subset of) the cases when `transmute::<T, U>(x)` can be
lowered to a direct `bitcast T x to U` in LLVM. This assists with
efficiently handling a SIMD vector as multiple different types,
e.g. swapping bytes/words/double words around inside some larger vector
type.
C compilers like GCC and Clang handle integer vector types as `__m128i`
for all widths, and implicitly insert bitcasts as required. This patch
allows Rust to express this, even if it takes a bit of `unsafe`, whereas
previously it was impossible to do at all without inline assembly.
Example:
pub fn reverse_u32s(u: u64x2) -> u64x2 {
unsafe {
let tmp = mem::transmute::<_, u32x4>(u);
let swapped = u32x4(tmp.3, tmp.2, tmp.1, tmp.0);
mem::transmute::<_, u64x2>(swapped)
}
}
Compiling with `--opt-level=3` gives:
Before
define <2 x i64> @_ZN12reverse_u32s20hbdb206aba18a03d8tbaE(<2 x i64>) unnamed_addr #0 {
entry-block:
%1 = bitcast <2 x i64> %0 to i128
%u.0.extract.trunc = trunc i128 %1 to i32
%u.4.extract.shift = lshr i128 %1, 32
%u.4.extract.trunc = trunc i128 %u.4.extract.shift to i32
%u.8.extract.shift = lshr i128 %1, 64
%u.8.extract.trunc = trunc i128 %u.8.extract.shift to i32
%u.12.extract.shift = lshr i128 %1, 96
%u.12.extract.trunc = trunc i128 %u.12.extract.shift to i32
%2 = insertelement <4 x i32> undef, i32 %u.12.extract.trunc, i64 0
%3 = insertelement <4 x i32> %2, i32 %u.8.extract.trunc, i64 1
%4 = insertelement <4 x i32> %3, i32 %u.4.extract.trunc, i64 2
%5 = insertelement <4 x i32> %4, i32 %u.0.extract.trunc, i64 3
%6 = bitcast <4 x i32> %5 to <2 x i64>
ret <2 x i64> %6
}
_ZN12reverse_u32s20hbdb206aba18a03d8tbaE:
.cfi_startproc
movd %xmm0, %rax
punpckhqdq %xmm0, %xmm0
movd %xmm0, %rcx
movq %rcx, %rdx
shrq $32, %rdx
movq %rax, %rsi
shrq $32, %rsi
movd %eax, %xmm0
movd %ecx, %xmm1
punpckldq %xmm0, %xmm1
movd %esi, %xmm2
movd %edx, %xmm0
punpckldq %xmm2, %xmm0
punpckldq %xmm1, %xmm0
retq
After
define <2 x i64> @_ZN12reverse_u32s20hbdb206aba18a03d8tbaE(<2 x i64>) unnamed_addr #0 {
entry-block:
%1 = bitcast <2 x i64> %0 to <4 x i32>
%2 = shufflevector <4 x i32> %1, <4 x i32> undef, <4 x i32> <i32 3, i32 2, i32 1, i32 0>
%3 = bitcast <4 x i32> %2 to <2 x i64>
ret <2 x i64> %3
}
_ZN12reverse_u32s20hbdb206aba18a03d8tbaE:
.cfi_startproc
pshufd $27, %xmm0, %xmm0
retq
One negative side-effect of this change is that there might be quite a bit of copying strings out of the codemap, i.e. one copy for every block that gets translated, just for taking a look at the last character of the block. If this turns out to cause a performance problem then `CodeMap::span_to_snippet()` could be changed return `Option<&str>` instead of `Option<String>`.
Fixes#18791
Implements RFC 438.
Fixes#19092.
This is a [breaking-change]: change types like `&Foo+Send` or `&'a mut Foo+'a` to `&(Foo+Send)` and `&'a mut (Foo+'a)`, respectively.
r? @brson
This PR adds the `rust-lldb` script (feel free to bikeshed about the name).
The script will start LLDB and, before doing anything else, load [LLDB type summaries](http://lldb.llvm.org/varformats.html) that will make LLDB print values with Rust syntax. Just use the script like you would normally use LLDB:
```
rust-lldb executable-to-debug --and-any-other-commandline --args
```
The script will just add one additional commandline argument to the LLDB invocation and pass along the rest of the arguments to LLDB after that.
Given the following program...
```rust
fn main() {
let x = Some(1u);
let y = [0, 1, 2i];
let z = (x, y);
println!("{} {} {}", x, y, z);
}
```
...*without* the 'LLDB type summaries', values will be printed something like this...
```
(lldb) p x
(core::option::Option<uint>) $3 = {
= (RUST$ENUM$DISR = Some)
= (RUST$ENUM$DISR = Some, 1)
}
(lldb) p y
(long [3]) $4 = ([0] = 0, [1] = 1, [2] = 2)
(lldb) p z
((core::option::Option<uint>, [int, ..3])) $5 = {
= {
= (RUST$ENUM$DISR = Some)
= (RUST$ENUM$DISR = Some, 1)
}
= ([0] = 0, [1] = 1, [2] = 2)
}
```
...*with* the 'LLDB type summaries', values will be printed like this:
```
(lldb) p x
(core::option::Option<uint>) $0 = Some(1)
(lldb) p y
(long [3]) $1 = [0, 1, 2]
(lldb) p z
((core::option::Option<uint>, [int, ..3])) $2 = (Some(1), [0, 1, 2])
```
The 'LLDB type summaries' used by the script have been in use for a while in the LLDB autotests but I still consider them to be of alpha-version quality. If you see anything weird when you use them, feel free to file an issue.
The script will use whatever Rust "installation" is in PATH, so whichever `rustc` will be called if you type `rustc` into the console, this is the one that the script will ask for the LLDB extension module location. The build system will take care of putting the script and LLDB python module in the right places, whether you want to use the stage1 or stage2 compiler or the one coming with `make install` / `rustup.sh`.
Since I don't have much experience with the build system, Makefiles and shell scripts, please look these changes over carefully.
Code to fragment paths into pieces based on subparts being moved around, e.g. moving `x.1` out of a tuple `(A,B,C)` leaves behind the fragments `x.0: A` and `x.2: C`. Further discussion in borrowck/doc.rs.
Includes differentiation between assigned_fragments and moved_fragments, support for all-but-one array fragments, and instrumentation to print out the moved/assigned/unmmoved/parents for each function, factored out into a separate submodule.
These fragments can then be used by `trans` to inject stack-local dynamic drop flags. (They also can be hooked up with dataflow to reduce the expected number of injected flags.)
This is accomplished by:
1. Add `MatchMode` enum to `expr_use_visitor`.
2. Computing the match mode for each pattern via a pre-pass, and then
passing the mode along when visiting the pattern in
expr_use_visitor.
3. Adding a `fn matched_pat` callback to expr_use_visitor, which is
called on interior struct and enum nodes of the pattern (as opposed
to `fn consume_pat`, which is only invoked for identifiers at the
leaves of the pattern), and invoking it accordingly.
Of particular interest are the `cat_downcast` instances established
when matching enum variants.
This change applies the conventions to unwrap listed in [RFC 430][rfc] to rename
non-failing `unwrap` methods to `into_inner`. This is a breaking change, but all
`unwrap` methods are retained as `#[deprecated]` for the near future. To update
code rename `unwrap` method calls to `into_inner`.
[rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/430
[breaking-change]
cc #19091
This commit removes the `std::local_data` module in favor of a new
`std::thread_local` module providing thread local storage. The module provides
two variants of TLS: one which owns its contents and one which is based on
scoped references. Each implementation has pros and cons listed in the
documentation.
Both flavors have accessors through a function called `with` which yield a
reference to a closure provided. Both flavors also panic if a reference cannot
be yielded and provide a function to test whether an access would panic or not.
This is an implementation of [RFC 461][rfc] and full details can be found in
that RFC.
This is a breaking change due to the removal of the `std::local_data` module.
All users can migrate to the new thread local system like so:
thread_local!(static FOO: Rc<RefCell<Option<T>>> = Rc::new(RefCell::new(None)))
The old `local_data` module inherently contained the `Rc<RefCell<Option<T>>>` as
an implementation detail which must now be explicitly stated by users.
[rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/461
[breaking-change]
This change applies the conventions to unwrap listed in [RFC 430][rfc] to rename
non-failing `unwrap` methods to `into_inner`. This is a breaking change, but all
`unwrap` methods are retained as `#[deprecated]` for the near future. To update
code rename `unwrap` method calls to `into_inner`.
[rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/430
[breaking-change]
Closes#13159
cc #19091
This breaks code like
```
let t = (42i, 42i);
... t.0::<int> ...;
```
Change this code to not contain an unused type parameter. For example:
```
let t = (42i, 42i);
... t.0 ...;
```
Closes https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/19096
[breaking-change]
r? @aturon
The struct_variant is not gated anymore. This commit just removes it and the resulting warnings when compiling rust. Now compiles with the snapshot from 11/18 (as opposed to PR #19014)
(Previously, scopes were solely identified with NodeId's; this
refactoring prepares for a future where that does not hold.)
Ground work for a proper fix to #8861.
(Previously, statically identifiable scopes/regions were solely
identified with NodeId's; this refactoring prepares for a future
where that 1:1 correspondence does not hold.)
Use the expected type to infer the argument/return types of unboxed closures. Also, in `||` expressions, use the expected type to decide if the result should be a boxed or unboxed closure (and if an unboxed closure, what kind).
This supercedes PR #19089, which was already reviewed by @pcwalton.
This commit applies the stabilization of std::fmt as outlined in [RFC 380][rfc].
There are a number of breaking changes as a part of this commit which will need
to be handled to migrated old code:
* A number of formatting traits have been removed: String, Bool, Char, Unsigned,
Signed, and Float. It is recommended to instead use Show wherever possible or
to use adaptor structs to implement other methods of formatting.
* The format specifier for Boolean has changed from `t` to `b`.
* The enum `FormatError` has been renamed to `Error` as well as becoming a unit
struct instead of an enum. The `WriteError` variant no longer exists.
* The `format_args_method!` macro has been removed with no replacement. Alter
code to use the `format_args!` macro instead.
* The public fields of a `Formatter` have become read-only with no replacement.
Use a new formatting string to alter the formatting flags in combination with
the `write!` macro. The fields can be accessed through accessor methods on the
`Formatter` structure.
Other than these breaking changes, the contents of std::fmt should now also all
contain stability markers. Most of them are still #[unstable] or #[experimental]
[rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0380-stabilize-std-fmt.md
[breaking-change]
Closes#18904
This commit applies the stabilization of std::fmt as outlined in [RFC 380][rfc].
There are a number of breaking changes as a part of this commit which will need
to be handled to migrated old code:
* A number of formatting traits have been removed: String, Bool, Char, Unsigned,
Signed, and Float. It is recommended to instead use Show wherever possible or
to use adaptor structs to implement other methods of formatting.
* The format specifier for Boolean has changed from `t` to `b`.
* The enum `FormatError` has been renamed to `Error` as well as becoming a unit
struct instead of an enum. The `WriteError` variant no longer exists.
* The `format_args_method!` macro has been removed with no replacement. Alter
code to use the `format_args!` macro instead.
* The public fields of a `Formatter` have become read-only with no replacement.
Use a new formatting string to alter the formatting flags in combination with
the `write!` macro. The fields can be accessed through accessor methods on the
`Formatter` structure.
Other than these breaking changes, the contents of std::fmt should now also all
contain stability markers. Most of them are still #[unstable] or #[experimental]
[rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0380-stabilize-std-fmt.md
[breaking-change]
Closes#18904
region binding at the impl site, so for method types that come from impls,
it is necessary to liberate/instantiate late-bound regions at multiple
depths.
