Now that the necessary associated types exist for the `IntoIterator` trait this
commit stabilizes the trait as-is as well as all existing implementations.
Previously Send was defined as `trait Send: 'static {}`. As detailed in
https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/458, the `'static` bound is not
actually necessary for safety, we can use lifetimes to enforce that more
flexibly.
`unsafe` code that was previously relying on `Send` to insert a
`'static` bound now may allow incorrect patterns, and so should be
audited (a quick way to ensure safety immediately and postpone the audit
is to add an explicit `'static` bound to any uses of the `Send` type).
cc #22251.
Now that the necessary associated types exist for the `IntoIterator` trait this
commit stabilizes the trait as-is as well as all existing implementations.
The first commit adds a short note which I believe will reduce worries in people who work with closures very often and read the Rust book for their first time.
The second commit consists solely of tiny typo fixes. In some cases, I changed "logical" quotations like
She said, "I like programming".
to
She said, "I like programming."
because the latter seems to be the prevalent style in the book.
`IntoIterator` now has an extra associated item:
``` rust
trait IntoIterator {
type Item;
type IntoIter: Iterator<Self=Self::Item>;
}
```
This lets you bind the iterator \"`Item`\" directly when writing generic functions:
``` rust
// hypothetical change, not included in this PR
impl Extend<T> for Vec<T> {
// you can now write
fn extend<I>(&mut self, it: I) where I: IntoIterator<Item=T> { .. }
// instead of
fn extend<I: IntoIterator>(&mut self, it: I) where I::IntoIter: Iterator<Item=T> { .. }
}
```
The downside is that now you have to write an extra associated type in your `IntoIterator` implementations:
``` diff
impl<T> IntoIterator for Vec<T> {
+ type Item = T;
type IntoIter = IntoIter<T>;
fn into_iter(self) -> IntoIter<T> { .. }
}
```
Because this breaks all downstream implementations of `IntoIterator`, this is a [breaking-change]
---
r? @aturon
Some function signatures have changed, so this is a [breaking-change].
In particular, radixes and numerical values of digits are represented by `u32` now.
Part of #22240
Fixes#22047
`Range<u64>` and `Range<i64>` may be longer than usize::MAX on 32-bit
platforms, and thus they cannot fulfill the protocol for
ExactSizeIterator. We don't want a nonobvious platform dependency in
basic iterator traits, so the trait impl is removed.
The logic of this change assumes that usize is at least 32-bit.
This is technically a breaking change; note that `Range<usize>` and
`Range<isize>` are always ExactSizeIterators.
[breaking-change]
The default implementation of .repr() will call conveniently call
transmute_copy which should be appropriate for all implementors, but is
memory unsafe if used wrong.
Fixes#22260
You need to use `unsafe impl` to implement the Repr trait now.
[breaking-change]
This overhauls the very meager docs that currently exist to clarify
various understandable confusions that I've noticed, e.g. people look in
`std::raw` for the "real" types of slices like `&[T]`, or think that
`Slice<T>` refers to `[T]` (fixes#22214).
This patch takes the liberty of offering some "style" guidance around
`raw::Slice`, since there's more restricted ways to duplicate all
functionality connected to it: `std::slice::from_raw_parts{,_mut}` for
construction and `.as_{,mut_}ptr` & `.len` for deconstruction.
It also deprecates the `std::raw::Closure` type which is now useless for
non-type-erased closures, and replaced by `TraitObject` for `&Fn`, `&mut
FnMut` etc, so I guess it should be called a:
[breaking-change]
Fixes#22047
Range<u64> and Range<i64> may be longer than usize::MAX on 32-bit
platforms, and thus they cannot fulfill the protocol for
ExactSizeIterator. We don't want a nonobvious platform dependency in
basic iterator traits, so the trait impl is removed.
The logic of this change assumes that usize is at least 32-bit.
This is technically a breaking change; note that Range<usize> and
Range<isize> are always ExactSizeIterators.
[breaking-change]
It doesn't have to be a literal memory allocation (ala malloc), e.g. it
can be in static memory, so saying "allocated" is mildly misleading.
Thanks to @mahkoh for pointing it out.
r? @steveklabnik
There are a number of holes that the stability lint did not previously cover,
including:
* Types
* Bounds on type parameters on functions and impls
* Where clauses
* Imports
* Patterns (structs and enums)
These holes have all been fixed by overriding the `visit_path` function on the
AST visitor instead of a few specialized cases. This change also necessitated a
few stability changes:
* The `collections::fmt` module is now stable (it was already supposed to be).
* The `thread_local:👿:Key` type is now stable (it was already supposed to
be).
* The `std::rt::{begin_unwind, begin_unwind_fmt}` functions are now stable.
These are required via the `panic!` macro.
* The `std::old_io::stdio::{println, println_args}` functions are now stable.
These are required by the `print!` and `println!` macros.
* The `ops::{FnOnce, FnMut, Fn}` traits are now `#[stable]`. This is required to
make bounds with these traits stable. Note that manual implementations of
these traits are still gated by default, this stability only allows bounds
such as `F: FnOnce()`.
Closes#8962Closes#16360Closes#20327
There are a number of holes that the stability lint did not previously cover,
including:
* Types
* Bounds on type parameters on functions and impls
* Where clauses
* Imports
* Patterns (structs and enums)
These holes have all been fixed by overriding the `visit_path` function on the
AST visitor instead of a few specialized cases. This change also necessitated a
few stability changes:
* The `collections::fmt` module is now stable (it was already supposed to be).
* The `thread_local:👿:Key` type is now stable (it was already supposed to
be).
* The `std::rt::{begin_unwind, begin_unwind_fmt}` functions are now stable.
These are required via the `panic!` macro.
* The `std::old_io::stdio::{println, println_args}` functions are now stable.
These are required by the `print!` and `println!` macros.
* The `ops::{FnOnce, FnMut, Fn}` traits are now `#[stable]`. This is required to
make bounds with these traits stable. Note that manual implementations of
these traits are still gated by default, this stability only allows bounds
such as `F: FnOnce()`.
Additionally, the compiler now has special logic to ignore its own generated
`__test` module for the `--test` harness in terms of stability.
Closes#8962Closes#16360Closes#20327
[breaking-change]
Port `core::ptr::Unique` to have `PhantomData`. Add `PhantomData` to
`TypedArena` and `Vec` as well.
As a drive-by, switch `ptr::Unique` from a tuple-struct to a struct
with fields.
* Remove type parameters from `IteratorExt::cloned`
* Rename `IntoIterator::Iter` to `IntoIterator::IntoIter`
* Mark `IntoIterator::into_iter` as stable (but not the trait, only the method).
Replace links to `../index.html` with `index.html` as they are linking to the `std` module and not `std::cell` as intended.
See for example [RefCell documentation](http://doc.rust-lang.org/std/cell/struct.RefCell.html).
Rename several remaining `Show`s to Debug, `String`s to Display (mostly in comments and docs).
Update reference.md:
- derive() no longer supports Zero trait
- derive() now supports Copy trait
When self.start > self.end, these iterators simply return None,
so we adjust the size_hint to just return zero in this case.
Certain optimizations can be implemented in and outside libstd if we
know we can trust the size_hint for all inputs to for example
Range<usize>.
This corrects the ExactSizeIterator implementations, which IMO were
unsound and incorrect previously, since they allowed a range like (2..1)
to return a size_hint of -1us in when debug assertions are turned off.
Right now it is not possible to write a `for` loop without opting-in to the
`core` feature due to the way they're expanding (calling
`::std::iter::IntoIterator::into_iter`). There are some planned tweaks to the
`IntoIterator` trait (adding an `Item` associated type) which will cause
implementations of `IntoIterator` to break, but the *usage* of the trait is
currently stable.
This commit marks the method `into_iter` as stable as the name will not be
changing, nor the fact that it takes no arguments and returns one type (which is
determiend by the `Self` type). This means that usage of `for` loops is now
stable but manual implementations of the `IntoIterator` trait will continue to
be unstable.
This is in preparation for stabilization of the `IntoIterator` trait. All
implementations and references to `Iter` need to be renamed to `IntoIter`.
[breaking-change]
When self.start > self.end, these iterators simply return None,
so we adjust the size_hint to just return zero in this case.
Certain optimizations can be implemented in and outside libstd if we
know we can trust the size_hint for all inputs to for example
Range<usize>.
This corrects the ExactSizeIterator implementations, which IMO were
unsound and incorrect previously, since they allowed a range like (2..1)
to return a size_hint of -1us in when debug assertions are turned off.
New functions, `slice::from_raw_parts` and `slice::from_raw_parts_mut`,
are added to implement the lifetime convention as agreed in rust-lang/rfcs#556.
The functions `slice::from_raw_buf` and `slice::from_raw_mut_buf` are
left deprecated for the time being.
Holding back on changing the signature of `std::ffi::c_str_to_bytes` as consensus in rust-lang/rfcs#592 is building to replace it with a composition of other functions.
Contribution to #21923.
This was particularly helpful in the time just after OIBIT's
implementation to make sure things that were supposed to be Copy
continued to be, but it's now creates a lot of noise for types that
intentionally don't want to be Copy.
r? @alexcrichton
New functions, slice::from_raw_parts and slice::from_raw_parts_mut,
are added to implement the lifetime convention as agreed in RFC PR #556.
The functions slice::from_raw_buf and slice::from_raw_mut_buf are
left deprecated for the time being.
This was particularly helpful in the time just after OIBIT's
implementation to make sure things that were supposed to be Copy
continued to be, but it's now creates a lot of noise for types that
intentionally don't want to be Copy.
This removes the `ByRef` iterator adaptor to stay in line with the changes to
`std::io`. The `by_ref` method instead just returns `&mut Self`.
This also removes the implementation of `Iterator for &mut Iterator` and instead
generalizes it to `Iterator for &mut I` where `I: Iterator + ?Sized`. The
`Box<I>` implementations were also updated.
The extra check caused by the expect() call can, in general, not be
optimized away, because the length of the iterator is unknown at compile
time, causing a noticable slow-down. Since the check only triggers if
the element isn't actually found in the iterator, i.e. it isn't
guaranteed to trigger for ill-behaved ExactSizeIterators, it seems
reasonable to switch to an implementation that doesn't need the check
and just always returns None if the value isn't found.
Benchmark:
````rust
let v: Vec<u8> = (0..1024*65).map(|_| 0).collect();
b.iter(|| {
v.as_slice().iter().rposition(|&c| c == 1)
});
````
Before:
````
test rposition ... bench: 49939 ns/iter (+/- 23)
````
After:
````
test rposition ... bench: 33306 ns/iter (+/- 68)
````
As part of [RFC 474](https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/474), this
commit renames `std::path` to `std::old_path`, leaving the existing path
API in place to ease migration to the new one. Updating should be as
simple as adjusting imports, and the prelude still maps to the old path
APIs for now.
[breaking-change]
This removes the `ByRef` iterator adaptor to stay in line with the changes to
`std::io`. The `by_ref` method instead just returns `&mut Self`.
This also removes the implementation of `Iterator for &mut Iterator` and instead
generalizes it to `Iterator for &mut I` where `I: Iterator + ?Sized`. The
`Box<I>` implementations were also updated.
This is a breaking change due to the removal of the `std::iter::ByRef` type. All
mentions of `ByRef<'a, T>` should be replaced with `&mut T` to migrate forward.
[breaking-change]
The extra check caused by the expect() call can, in general, not be
optimized away, because the length of the iterator is unknown at compile
time, causing a noticable slow-down. Since the check only triggers if
the element isn't actually found in the iterator, i.e. it isn't
guaranteed to trigger for ill-behaved ExactSizeIterators, it seems
reasonable to switch to an implementation that doesn't need the check
and just always returns None if the value isn't found.
Benchmark:
````rust
let v: Vec<u8> = (0..1024*65).map(|_| 0).collect();
b.iter(|| {
v.as_slice().iter().rposition(|&c| c == 1)
});
````
Before:
````
test rposition ... bench: 49939 ns/iter (+/- 23)
````
After:
````
test rposition ... bench: 33306 ns/iter (+/- 68)
````
The existence of these two functions is at odds with our current [error
conventions][conventions] which recommend that panicking and `Result`-like
variants should not be provided together.
[conventions]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0236-error-conventions.md#do-not-provide-both-result-and-fail-variants
This commit adds a new `borrow_state` function returning a `BorrowState` enum to
`RefCell` which serves as a replacemnt for the `try_borrow` and `try_borrow_mut`
functions.
Now that associated types are fully implemented the iterator adaptors only need
type parameters which are associated with actual storage. All other type
parameters can either be derived from these (e.g. they are an associated type)
or can be bare on the `impl` block itself.
This is a breaking change due to the removal of type parameters on these
iterator adaptors, but code can fairly easily migrate by just deleting the
relevant type parameters for each adaptor. Other behavior should not be
affected.
Closes#21839
[breaking-change]
These methods were intended to be stable as of #16258 but the tags have since
been lost in various refactorings. This commit re-adds the `#[stable]`
attributes to each of these functions.
The existence of these two functions is at odds with our current [error
conventions][conventions] which recommend that panicking and `Result`-like
variants should not be provided together.
[conventions]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0236-error-conventions.md#do-not-provide-both-result-and-fail-variants
This commit adds a new `borrow_state` function returning a `BorrowState` enum to
`RefCell` which serves as a replacemnt for the `try_borrow` and `try_borrow_mut`
functions.
Now that associated types are fully implemented the iterator adaptors only need
type parameters which are associated with actual storage. All other type
parameters can either be derived from these (e.g. they are an associated type)
or can be bare on the `impl` block itself.
This is a breaking change due to the removal of type parameters on these
iterator adaptors, but code can fairly easily migrate by just deleting the
relevant type parameters for each adaptor. Other behavior should not be
affected.
Closes#21839
[breaking-change]
The new `::ops::Range` has separated implementations for each of the
numeric types, while the old `::iter::Range` has one for type `Int`.
However, we do not take output bindings into account when selecting
traits. So it confuses `typeck` and makes the new range does not work as
good as the old one when it comes to type inference.
This patch implements `Iterator` for the new range for one type `Int`.
This limitation could be lifted, however, if we ever reconsider the
output types' role in type inference.
Closes#21595Closes#21649Closes#21672
The new `::ops::Range` has separated implementations for each of the
numeric types, while the old `::iter::Range` has one for type `Int`.
However, we do not take output bindings into account when selecting
traits. So it confuses `typeck` and makes the new range does not work as
good as the old one when it comes to type inference.
This patch implements `Iterator` for the new range for one type `Int`.
This limitation could be lifted, however, if we ever reconsider the
output types' role in type inference.
Closes#21595Closes#21649Closes#21672
These methods were intended to be stable as of #16258 but the tags have since
been lost in various refactorings. This commit re-adds the `#[stable]`
attributes to each of these functions.
This commits adds an associated type to the `FromStr` trait representing an
error payload for parses which do not succeed. The previous return value,
`Option<Self>` did not allow for this form of payload. After the associated type
was added, the following attributes were applied:
* `FromStr` is now stable
* `FromStr::Err` is now stable
* `FromStr::from_str` is now stable
* `StrExt::parse` is now stable
* `FromStr for bool` is now stable
* `FromStr for $float` is now stable
* `FromStr for $integral` is now stable
* Errors returned from stable `FromStr` implementations are stable
* Errors implement `Display` and `Error` (both impl blocks being `#[stable]`)
Closes#15138
This commit performs a final stabilization pass over the std::fmt module,
marking all necessary APIs as stable. One of the more interesting aspects of
this module is that it exposes a good deal of its runtime representation to the
outside world in order for `format_args!` to be able to construct the format
strings. Instead of hacking the compiler to assume that these items are stable,
this commit instead lays out a story for the stabilization and evolution of
these APIs.
There are three primary details used by the `format_args!` macro:
1. `Arguments` - an opaque package of a "compiled format string". This structure
is passed around and the `write` function is the source of truth for
transforming a compiled format string into a string at runtime. This must be
able to be constructed in stable code.
2. `Argument` - an opaque structure representing an argument to a format string.
This is *almost* a trait object as it's just a pointer/function pair, but due
to the function originating from one of many traits, it's not actually a
trait object. Like `Arguments`, this must be constructed from stable code.
3. `fmt::rt` - this module contains the runtime type definitions primarily for
the `rt::Argument` structure. Whenever an argument is formatted with
nonstandard flags, a corresponding `rt::Argument` is generated describing how
the argument is being formatted. This can be used to construct an
`Arguments`.
The primary interface to `std::fmt` is the `Arguments` structure, and as such
this type name is stabilize as-is today. It is expected for libraries to pass
around an `Arguments` structure to represent a pending formatted computation.
The remaining portions are largely "cruft" which would rather not be stabilized,
but due to the stability checks they must be. As a result, almost all pieces
have been renamed to represent that they are "version 1" of the formatting
representation. The theory is that at a later date if we change the
representation of these types we can add new definitions called "version 2" and
corresponding constructors for `Arguments`.
One of the other remaining large questions about the fmt module were how the
pending I/O reform would affect the signatures of methods in the module. Due to
[RFC 526][rfc], however, the writers of fmt are now incompatible with the
writers of io, so this question has largely been solved. As a result the
interfaces are largely stabilized as-is today.
[rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0526-fmt-text-writer.md
Specifically, the following changes were made:
* The contents of `fmt::rt` were all moved under `fmt::rt::v1`
* `fmt::rt` is stable
* `fmt::rt::v1` is stable
* `Error` is stable
* `Writer` is stable
* `Writer::write_str` is stable
* `Writer::write_fmt` is stable
* `Formatter` is stable
* `Argument` has been renamed to `ArgumentV1` and is stable
* `ArgumentV1::new` is stable
* `ArgumentV1::from_uint` is stable
* `Arguments::new_v1` is stable (renamed from `new`)
* `Arguments::new_v1_formatted` is stable (renamed from `with_placeholders`)
* All formatting traits are now stable, as well as the `fmt` method.
* `fmt::write` is stable
* `fmt::format` is stable
* `Formatter::pad_integral` is stable
* `Formatter::pad` is stable
* `Formatter::write_str` is stable
* `Formatter::write_fmt` is stable
* Some assorted top level items which were only used by `format_args!` were
removed in favor of static functions on `ArgumentV1` as well.
* The formatting-flag-accessing methods remain unstable
Within the contents of the `fmt::rt::v1` module, the following actions were
taken:
* Reexports of all enum variants were removed
* All prefixes on enum variants were removed
* A few miscellaneous enum variants were renamed
* Otherwise all structs, fields, and variants were marked stable.
In addition to these actions in the `std::fmt` module, many implementations of
`Show` and `String` were stabilized as well.
In some other modules:
* `ToString` is now stable
* `ToString::to_string` is now stable
* `Vec` no longer implements `fmt::Writer` (this has moved to `String`)
This is a breaking change due to all of the changes to the `fmt::rt` module, but
this likely will not have much impact on existing programs.
Closes#20661
[breaking-change]
This commits adds an associated type to the `FromStr` trait representing an
error payload for parses which do not succeed. The previous return value,
`Option<Self>` did not allow for this form of payload. After the associated type
was added, the following attributes were applied:
* `FromStr` is now stable
* `FromStr::Err` is now stable
* `FromStr::from_str` is now stable
* `StrExt::parse` is now stable
* `FromStr for bool` is now stable
* `FromStr for $float` is now stable
* `FromStr for $integral` is now stable
* Errors returned from stable `FromStr` implementations are stable
* Errors implement `Display` and `Error` (both impl blocks being `#[stable]`)
Closes#15138
Note: Do not merge until we get a newer snapshot that includes #21374
There was some type inference fallout (see 4th commit) because type inference with `a..b` is not as good as with `range(a, b)` (see #21672).
r? @alexcrichton
the compiler that assumed two input types to assume two ouputs; we also have to teach `project.rs`
to project `Output` from the unboxed closure and fn traits.
Spellfix for `Debug` trait documentation. Change "most all types should implement this" to "all types should implement this". Same fix for deprecated `Show` trait.
This commit relaxes the bound on `Result::unwrap` and `Result::unwrap_err` from
the `Display` trait to the `Debug` trait for generating an error message about
the unwrapping operation.
This commit is a breaking change and any breakage should be mitigated by
ensuring that `Debug` is implemented on the relevant type.
[breaking-change]
Per [RFC 517](https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/575/), this commit introduces platform-native strings. The API is essentially as described in the RFC.
The WTF-8 implementation is adapted from @SimonSapin's [implementation](https://github.com/SimonSapin/rust-wtf8). To make this work, some encodign and decoding functionality in `libcore` is now exported in a "raw" fashion reusable for WTF-8. These exports are *not* reexported in `std`, nor are they stable.
Per [RFC 517](https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/575/), this commit
introduces platform-native strings. The API is essentially as described
in the RFC.
The WTF-8 implementation is adapted from @SimonSapin's
[implementation](https://github.com/SimonSapin/rust-wtf8). To make this
work, some encodign and decoding functionality in `libcore` is now
exported in a "raw" fashion reusable for WTF-8. These exports are *not*
reexported in `std`, nor are they stable.
Spellfix for `Debug` trait documentation. Change "most all types should implement this" to "all types should implement this". Same fix for deprecated `Show` trait.
This commit relaxes the bound on `Result::unwrap` and `Result::unwrap_err` from
the `Display` trait to the `Debug` trait for generating an error message about
the unwrapping operation.
This commit is a breaking change and any breakage should be mitigated by
ensuring that `Debug` is implemented on the relevant type.
[breaking-change]
closes#20953closes#21361
---
In the future, we will likely derive these `impl`s via syntax extensions or using compiler magic (see #20617). For the time being we can use these manual `impl`s.
r? @aturon
cc @burntsushi @Kroisse
This commit deprecates `slice`, `slice_from`, `slice_to` and their
mutable variants in favor of slice notation.
The `as_slice` methods are left intact, for now.
[breaking-change]
This commit marks as `#[stable]`:
* The `Index` and `IndexMut` traits. These are stabilized as taking the
index itself *by reference*; after extensive discussion it was
determined that this is a better match with our choices
elsewhere (e.g. making comparison operators auto-reference), and that
the use cases for by-value indices are better handled through
`IndexSet`.
* The `Range`, `RangeFrom` and `RangeTo` structs, introduced for range
notation.
* Various impls of `Index` and `IndexMut`.
The `FullRange` struct is left unstable as we may wish to rename it to
`RangeFull` in the future.
This commit also *removes* the `Step` trait in favor of direct
implementation of iterator traits on ranges for integers. The `Step`
trait was not a terribly useful factoring internally, and it is likely
that external integer types are best off implementing range iterators
directly. It was removed to simplify the API surface. We can always
reintroduce `Step` later if it turns out to be useful.
Due to this removal, this is a:
[breaking-change]
As discussed with @aturon I added implementations of various op traits for references to built-in types which was already suggested by the ops reform RFC.
The 2nd commit updates the module documentation of core::ops to fully reflect the recent change from pass-by-reference to pass-by-value and expands on the implications for generic code.
This commit is an implementation of [RFC 565][rfc] which is a stabilization of
the `std::fmt` module and the implementations of various formatting traits.
Specifically, the following changes were performed:
[rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0565-show-string-guidelines.md
* The `Show` trait is now deprecated, it was renamed to `Debug`
* The `String` trait is now deprecated, it was renamed to `Display`
* Many `Debug` and `Display` implementations were audited in accordance with the
RFC and audited implementations now have the `#[stable]` attribute
* Integers and floats no longer print a suffix
* Smart pointers no longer print details that they are a smart pointer
* Paths with `Debug` are now quoted and escape characters
* The `unwrap` methods on `Result` now require `Display` instead of `Debug`
* The `Error` trait no longer has a `detail` method and now requires that
`Display` must be implemented. With the loss of `String`, this has moved into
libcore.
* `impl<E: Error> FromError<E> for Box<Error>` now exists
* `derive(Show)` has been renamed to `derive(Debug)`. This is not currently
warned about due to warnings being emitted on stage1+
While backwards compatibility is attempted to be maintained with a blanket
implementation of `Display` for the old `String` trait (and the same for
`Show`/`Debug`) this is still a breaking change due to primitives no longer
implementing `String` as well as modifications such as `unwrap` and the `Error`
trait. Most code is fairly straightforward to update with a rename or tweaks of
method calls.
[breaking-change]
Closes#21436
After PR #19766 added implicit coersions `*mut T -> *const T`, the explicit casts can be removed.
(The number of such casts turned out to be relatively small).
This commit aims to stabilize the `TypeId` abstraction by moving it out of the
`intrinsics` module into the `any` module of the standard library. Specifically,
* `TypeId` is now defined at `std::any::TypeId`
* `TypeId::hash` has been removed in favor of an implementation of `Hash`.
This commit also performs a final pass over the `any` module, confirming the
following:
* `Any::get_type_id` remains unstable as *usage* of the `Any` trait will likely
never require this, and the `Any` trait does not need to be implemented for
any other types. As a result, this implementation detail can remain unstable
until associated statics are implemented.
* `Any::downcast_ref` is now stable
* `Any::downcast_mut` is now stable
* `BoxAny` remains unstable. While a direct impl on `Box<Any>` is allowed today
it does not allow downcasting of trait objects like `Box<Any + Send>` (those
returned from `Thread::join`). This is covered by #18737.
* `BoxAny::downcast` is now stable.
The example of the `Index` and `IndexMut` trait contained too much `Foo`.
It now contains a bit more `Bar` to make things clearer which parts are
defining the type of the index.
I searched for times when we were hiding functions with # in the documentation,
and fixed them to not use it unless neccesary.
I also made random improvements whenever I changed something. For example,
I changed Example to Examples, for consistency.
Fixes#13423
* Not all traits are part of the prelude anymore
* We switched from pass-by-reference to pass-by-value for most traits
* Add some explanations around pass-by-value traits in the context of
generic code and additional implementations for reference types.
While it's unstable and will probably be replaced or "reformed" at some point, it's useful in the mean time to be able to introspect the type system when debugging, and not be limited to sized types.
Fixes#21058
