Add heapsort fallback in `select_nth_unstable`
Addresses #102451 and #106933.
`slice::select_nth_unstable` uses a quick select implementation based on the same pattern defeating quicksort algorithm that `slice::sort_unstable` uses. `slice::sort_unstable` uses a recursion limit and falls back to heapsort if there were too many bad pivot choices, to ensure O(n log n) worst case running time (known as introsort). However, `slice::select_nth_unstable` does not have such a fallback strategy, which leads to it having a worst case running time of O(n²) instead. #102451 links to a playground which generates pathological inputs that show this quadratic behavior. On my machine, a randomly generated slice of length `1 << 19` takes ~200µs to calculate its median, whereas a pathological input of the same length takes over 2.5s. This PR adds an iteration limit to `select_nth_unstable`, falling back to heapsort, which ensures an O(n log n) worst case running time (introselect). With this change, there was no noticable slowdown for the random input, but the same pathological input now takes only ~1.2ms. In the future it might be worth implementing something like Median of Medians or Fast Deterministic Selection instead, which guarantee O(n) running time for all possible inputs. I've left this as a `FIXME` for now and only implemented the heapsort fallback to minimize the needed code changes.
I still think we should clarify in the `select_nth_unstable` docs that the worst case running time isn't currently O(n) (the original reason that #102451 was opened), but I think it's a lot better to be able to guarantee O(n log n) instead of O(n²) for the worst case.
dont randomly use `_` to print out const generic arguments
const generics seem to get printed out as `_` for no reason a lot of the time, as someone who spends a lot of time with const generics this has gotten ✨ very annoying ✨. Latest example would be #106423 where the ICE messaged formatted a `ty::Const` containing no infer vars, as `_`.
For some reason printing of the const argument on arrays was custom instead of using the existing logic for printing `ty::Const`. Additionally the existing logic for printing `ty::Const` would print out `_` for anon consts that are in a separate crate leading to weird diagnostics (see second commit). There ought to be less cases of consts randomly getting printed as `_` hiding valuable info now.
Add 'static lifetime suggestion when GAT implied 'static requirement from HRTB
Fix for issue #105507
The problem:
When generic associated types (GATs) are from higher-ranked trait bounds (HRTB), they are implied 'static requirement (see
[Implied 'static requirement from higher-ranked trait bounds](https://blog.rust-lang.org/2022/10/28/gats-stabilization.html#implied-static-requirement-from-higher-ranked-trait-bounds) for more details). If the user did not explicitly specify the `'static` lifetime when using the GAT, the current error message will only point out the type `does not live long enough` where the type is used, but not where the GAT is specified and how to fix the problem.
The solution:
Add notes at the span where the problematic GATs are specified and suggestions of how to fix the problem by adding `'static` lifetime at the right spans.
Improve Markdown styling in README
Update Readme to use consistent line lengths. Also update some formatting and links. (Followup to https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/105553).
r? ``@workingjubilee``
9 commits in 1cd6d3803dfb0b342272862a8590f5dfc9f72573..a5d47a72595dd6fbe7d4e4f6ec20dc5fe724edd1
2023-01-12 18:40:36 +0000 to 2023-01-16 18:51:50 +0000
- Add network container tests (rust-lang/cargo#11583)
- Show progress of crates.io index update even `net.git-fetch-with-cli` option enabled (rust-lang/cargo#11579)
- `cargo metadata` supports artifact dependencies (rust-lang/cargo#11550)
- fix(docs): add required "inherits" option to example profile (rust-lang/cargo#11504)
- add documentation that SSH markers aren't supported (rust-lang/cargo#11586)
- Fix typo (rust-lang/cargo#11585)
- Enable source_config_env test on Windows (rust-lang/cargo#11582)
- Support `codegen-backend` and `rustflags` in profiles in config file (rust-lang/cargo#11562)
- ci: reflect to clap updates (rust-lang/cargo#11578)
vec::Splice can invalidate the slice::Iter inside vec::Drain.
So we replace them with dangling pointers which, unlike ones to
deallocated memory, are allowed.
Rollup of 7 pull requests
Successful merges:
- #104505 (Remove double spaces after dots in comments)
- #106784 (prevent E0512 from emitting [type error] by checking the references_error)
- #106834 (new trait solver: only consider goal changed if response is not identity)
- #106889 (Mention the lack of `windows_mut` in `windows`)
- #106963 (Use `scope_expr_id` from `ProbeCtxt`)
- #106970 (Switch to `EarlyBinder` for `item_bounds` query)
- #106980 (Hide `_use_mk_alias_ty_instead` in `<AliasTy as Debug>::fmt`)
Failed merges:
r? `@ghost`
`@rustbot` modify labels: rollup
Switch to `EarlyBinder` for `item_bounds` query
Part of the work to finish #105779 (also see https://github.com/rust-lang/types-team/issues/78).
Several queries `X` have a `bound_X` variant that wraps the output in `EarlyBinder`. This adds `EarlyBinder` to the return type of the `item_bounds` query and removes `bound_item_bounds`.
r? `@lcnr`
Put `noundef` on all scalars that don't allow uninit
Previously, it was only put on scalars with range validity invariants like bool, was uninit was obviously invalid for those.
Since then, we have normatively declared all uninit primitives to be undefined behavior and can therefore put `noundef` on them.
The remaining concern was the `mem::uninitialized` function, which cause quite a lot of UB in the older parts of the ecosystem. After #99182, this function now doesn't return uninit values anymore, making users of it safe from this change.
The only real sources of UB where people could encounter uninit primitives are `MaybeUninit::uninit().assume_init()`, which has always be clear in the docs about being UB and from heap allocations (like reading from the spare capacity of a vec). This is hopefully rare enough to not break anything.
cc `@nagisa` `@scottmcm` `@nikic`
Constify `TypeId` ordering impls
Tracking issue: #101871
Adding const ordering to `TypeId` allows rtti crates to optimize some casting scenarios (without transmuting to `u64`). This would also prevent these crates from breaking if the underlying type is changed from `u64` to something different.
Feature gate: `#![feature(const_cmp_type_id)]`
