Enable ThinLTO with incremental compilation.
This is an updated version of #52309. This PR allows `rustc` to use (local) ThinLTO and incremental compilation at the same time. In theory this should allow for getting compile-time improvements for small changes while keeping the runtime performance of the generated code roughly the same as when compiling non-incrementally.
The difference to #52309 is that this version also caches the pre-LTO version of LLVM bitcode. This allows for another layer of caching:
1. if the module itself has changed, we have to re-codegen and re-optimize.
2. if the module itself has not changed, but a module it imported from during ThinLTO has, we don't need to re-codegen and don't need to re-run the first optimization phase. Only the second (i.e. ThinLTO-) optimization phase is re-run.
3. if neither the module itself nor any of its imports have changed then we can re-use the final, post-ThinLTO version of the module. (We might have to load its pre-ThinLTO version though so it's available for other modules to import from)
Cleanup to librustc::session and related code
No functional changes, just some cleanup.
This also creates the `rustc_fs_util` crate, but I can remove that change if desired. It felt a little odd to force crates to depend on librustc for some fs utilities; and also seemed good to generally keep the size of librustc lower (for compile times); fs_util will compile in parallel with essentially the first crate since it has no dependencies beyond std.
Preliminary work for incremental ThinLTO.
Since implementing incremental ThinLTO is a bit more involved than I initially thought, I'm splitting out some of the things that already work. This PR (1) adds a way accessing some ThinLTO information in `rustc` and (2) does some cleanup around CGU/object file naming (which makes things quite a bit nicer).
This is probably best reviewed one commit at a time.
Deny bare trait objects in the rest of rust
Add `#![deny(bare_trait_objects)]` to all the modules not covered before (those did not require code changes) that I consider applicable (I left out shims) in order to futureproof them.
