cannot use an `as` expression to coerce, so I used a one-off function
instead (this is a no-op in stage0, but in stage1+ it triggers
coercion from the fn pointer to the fn item type).
[breaking-change]
1. The internal layout for traits has changed from (vtable, data) to (data, vtable). If you were relying on this in unsafe transmutes, you might get some very weird and apparently unrelated errors. You should not be doing this! Prefer not to do this at all, but if you must, you should use raw::TraitObject rather than hardcoding rustc's internal representation into your code.
2. The minimal type of reference-to-vec-literals (e.g., `&[1, 2, 3]`) is now a fixed size vec (e.g., `&[int, ..3]`) where it used to be an unsized vec (e.g., `&[int]`). If you want the unszied type, you must explicitly give the type (e.g., `let x: &[_] = &[1, 2, 3]`). Note in particular where multiple blocks must have the same type (e.g., if and else clauses, vec elements), the compiler will not coerce to the unsized type without a hint. E.g., `[&[1], &[1, 2]]` used to be a valid expression of type '[&[int]]'. It no longer type checks since the first element now has type `&[int, ..1]` and the second has type &[int, ..2]` which are incompatible.
3. The type of blocks (including functions) must be coercible to the expected type (used to be a subtype). Mostly this makes things more flexible and not less (in particular, in the case of coercing function bodies to the return type). However, in some rare cases, this is less flexible. TBH, I'm not exactly sure of the exact effects. I think the change causes us to resolve inferred type variables slightly earlier which might make us slightly more restrictive. Possibly it only affects blocks with unreachable code. E.g., `if ... { fail!(); "Hello" }` used to type check, it no longer does. The fix is to add a semicolon after the string.
This patch makes error handling for region inference failures more
uniform by not reporting *any* region errors until the reigon inference
step. This requires threading through more information about what
caused a region constraint, so that we can still give informative
error messages.
I have only taken partial advantage of this information: when region
inference fails, we still report the same error we always did, despite
the fact that we now know precisely what caused the various constriants
and what the region variable represents, which we did not know before.
This change is required not only to improve error messages but
because the region hierarchy is not in fact fully known until regionck,
because it is not clear where closure bodies fit in (our current
treatment is unsound). Moreover, the relationships between free variables
cannot be fully determined until type inference is otherwise complete.
cc #3238.
What we now do is to create a region variable for each &
expression (and also each borrow). The lifetime of this
variable will be checked by borrowck to ensure it is not greater
than the lifetime of the underlying data. This both leads to
shorter lifetimes in some cases but also longer in others,
such as taking the address to the interior of unique boxes
tht are rooted in region pointers (e.g., returning a pointer
to the interior of a sendable map).
This may lead to issue #2977 if the rvalue is not POD, because
we may drop the data in trans sooner than borrowck expects us
to. Need to work out precisely where that fix ought to occur.
