diff --git a/src/libcore/vec.rs b/src/libcore/vec.rs
index 9ab8a75b133..31f21676331 100644
--- a/src/libcore/vec.rs
+++ b/src/libcore/vec.rs
@@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ fn map<T, U>(v: [T], f: fn(T) -> U) -> [U] {
 }
 
 #[doc = "
-Apply a function eo each element of a vector and return a concatenation
+Apply a function to each element of a vector and return a concatenation
 of each result vector
 "]
 fn flat_map<T, U>(v: [T], f: fn(T) -> [U]) -> [U] {
diff --git a/src/librustsyntax/ast.rs b/src/librustsyntax/ast.rs
index 339c897256c..55bb480761f 100644
--- a/src/librustsyntax/ast.rs
+++ b/src/librustsyntax/ast.rs
@@ -636,6 +636,10 @@ enum attr_style { attr_outer, attr_inner, }
 #[auto_serialize]
 type attribute_ = {style: attr_style, value: meta_item};
 
+/*
+  iface_refs appear in both impls and in classes that implement ifaces.
+  resolve maps each iface_ref's id to its defining iface.
+ */
 #[auto_serialize]
 type iface_ref = {path: @path, id: node_id};
 
@@ -661,14 +665,14 @@ enum item_ {
              node_id /* dtor id */, node_id /* ctor id */,
              region_param),
     item_class([ty_param], /* ty params for class */
-               [iface_ref],   /* ifaces this class implements */
+               [@iface_ref],   /* ifaces this class implements */
                [@class_member], /* methods, etc. */
                                /* (not including ctor) */
                class_ctor,
                region_param
                ),
     item_iface([ty_param], [ty_method]),
-    item_impl([ty_param], option<@ty> /* iface */,
+    item_impl([ty_param], option<@iface_ref> /* iface */,
               @ty /* self */, [@method]),
 }
 
diff --git a/src/librustsyntax/ast_util.rs b/src/librustsyntax/ast_util.rs
index f74f543a716..8dd1b3c7fea 100644
--- a/src/librustsyntax/ast_util.rs
+++ b/src/librustsyntax/ast_util.rs
@@ -2,20 +2,20 @@ import codemap::span;
 import ast::*;
 
 fn spanned<T: copy>(lo: uint, hi: uint, t: T) -> spanned<T> {
-    ret respan(mk_sp(lo, hi), t);
+    respan(mk_sp(lo, hi), t)
 }
 
 fn respan<T: copy>(sp: span, t: T) -> spanned<T> {
-    ret {node: t, span: sp};
+    {node: t, span: sp}
 }
 
 fn dummy_spanned<T: copy>(t: T) -> spanned<T> {
-    ret respan(dummy_sp(), t);
+    respan(dummy_sp(), t)
 }
 
 /* assuming that we're not in macro expansion */
 fn mk_sp(lo: uint, hi: uint) -> span {
-    ret {lo: lo, hi: hi, expn_info: none};
+    {lo: lo, hi: hi, expn_info: none}
 }
 
 // make this a const, once the compiler supports it
@@ -334,6 +334,16 @@ impl inlined_item_methods for inlined_item {
         }
     }
 }
+
+/* True if d is either a def_self, or a chain of def_upvars
+ referring to a def_self */
+fn is_self(d: ast::def) -> bool {
+  alt d {
+    def_self(_)        { true }
+    def_upvar(_, d, _) { is_self(*d) }
+    _                  { false }
+  }
+}
 // Local Variables:
 // mode: rust
 // fill-column: 78;
diff --git a/src/librustsyntax/fold.rs b/src/librustsyntax/fold.rs
index b70755a1d2c..e5c2c59a4d2 100644
--- a/src/librustsyntax/fold.rs
+++ b/src/librustsyntax/fold.rs
@@ -279,9 +279,7 @@ fn noop_fold_item_underscore(i: item_, fld: ast_fold) -> item_ {
               let ctor_id   = fld.new_id(ctor.node.id);
               item_class(
                   typms,
-                  vec::map(ifaces, {|p|
-                      {path: fld.fold_path(p.path),
-                       id: fld.new_id(p.id)}}),
+                  vec::map(ifaces, {|p| fold_iface_ref(p, fld) }),
                   vec::map(items, fld.fold_class_item),
                   {node: {body: ctor_body,
                           dec: ctor_decl,
@@ -290,7 +288,8 @@ fn noop_fold_item_underscore(i: item_, fld: ast_fold) -> item_ {
                   rp)
           }
           item_impl(tps, ifce, ty, methods) {
-            item_impl(tps, option::map(ifce, fld.fold_ty), fld.fold_ty(ty),
+              item_impl(tps, option::map(ifce, {|p| fold_iface_ref(p, fld)}),
+                        fld.fold_ty(ty),
                       vec::map(methods, fld.fold_method))
           }
           item_iface(tps, methods) { item_iface(tps, methods) }
@@ -305,6 +304,10 @@ fn noop_fold_item_underscore(i: item_, fld: ast_fold) -> item_ {
         };
 }
 
+fn fold_iface_ref(&&p: @iface_ref, fld: ast_fold) -> @iface_ref {
+    @{path: fld.fold_path(p.path), id: fld.new_id(p.id)}
+}
+
 fn noop_fold_method(&&m: @method, fld: ast_fold) -> @method {
     ret @{ident: fld.fold_ident(m.ident),
           attrs: m.attrs,
diff --git a/src/librustsyntax/parse/parser.rs b/src/librustsyntax/parse/parser.rs
index 7ebac4f5c8b..5ce5c1480f5 100644
--- a/src/librustsyntax/parse/parser.rs
+++ b/src/librustsyntax/parse/parser.rs
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import token::{can_begin_expr, is_ident, is_plain_ident};
 import codemap::{span,fss_none};
 import util::interner;
 import ast_util::{spanned, mk_sp, ident_to_path};
+import ast::{node_id};
 import lexer::reader;
 import prec::{op_spec, as_prec};
 import attr::{parse_outer_attrs_or_ext,
@@ -1788,9 +1789,6 @@ fn parse_item_iface(p: parser, attrs: [ast::attribute]) -> @ast::item {
 //    impl name<T> for [T] { ... }
 fn parse_item_impl(p: parser, attrs: [ast::attribute]) -> @ast::item {
     let lo = p.last_span.lo;
-    fn wrap_path(p: parser, pt: @ast::path) -> @ast::ty {
-        @{id: p.get_id(), node: ast::ty_path(pt, p.get_id()), span: pt.span}
-    }
     let mut (ident, tps) = if !is_word(p, "of") {
         if p.token == token::LT { (none, parse_ty_params(p)) }
         else { (some(parse_ident(p)), parse_ty_params(p)) }
@@ -1800,7 +1798,7 @@ fn parse_item_impl(p: parser, attrs: [ast::attribute]) -> @ast::item {
         if option::is_none(ident) {
             ident = some(vec::last(path.idents));
         }
-        some(wrap_path(p, path))
+        some(@{path: path, id: p.get_id()})
     } else { none };
     let ident = alt ident {
         some(name) { name }
@@ -1855,9 +1853,13 @@ fn ident_to_path_tys(p: parser, i: ast::ident,
      }
 }
 
-fn parse_iface_ref_list(p:parser) -> [ast::iface_ref] {
+fn parse_iface_ref(p:parser) -> @ast::iface_ref {
+    @{path: parse_path(p), id: p.get_id()}
+}
+
+fn parse_iface_ref_list(p:parser) -> [@ast::iface_ref] {
     parse_seq_to_before_end(token::LBRACE, seq_sep(token::COMMA),
-                   {|p| {path: parse_path(p), id: p.get_id()}}, p)
+                            parse_iface_ref, p)
 }
 
 fn parse_item_class(p: parser, attrs: [ast::attribute]) -> @ast::item {
@@ -1866,7 +1868,7 @@ fn parse_item_class(p: parser, attrs: [ast::attribute]) -> @ast::item {
     let rp = parse_region_param(p);
     let ty_params = parse_ty_params(p);
     let class_path = ident_to_path_tys(p, class_name, ty_params);
-    let ifaces : [ast::iface_ref] = if eat_word(p, "implements")
+    let ifaces : [@ast::iface_ref] = if eat_word(p, "implements")
                                        { parse_iface_ref_list(p) }
                                     else { [] };
     expect(p, token::LBRACE);
@@ -1918,7 +1920,7 @@ fn parse_single_class_item(p: parser, privcy: ast::privacy)
 enum class_contents { ctor_decl(ast::fn_decl, ast::blk, codemap::span),
                       members([@ast::class_member]) }
 
-fn parse_class_item(p:parser, class_name_with_tps:@ast::path)
+fn parse_class_item(p:parser, class_name_with_tps: @ast::path)
     -> class_contents {
     if eat_word(p, "new") {
         let lo = p.last_span.lo;
diff --git a/src/librustsyntax/print/pprust.rs b/src/librustsyntax/print/pprust.rs
index b979caab2e2..e7be554fca8 100644
--- a/src/librustsyntax/print/pprust.rs
+++ b/src/librustsyntax/print/pprust.rs
@@ -561,14 +561,11 @@ fn print_item(s: ps, &&item: @ast::item) {
         word(s.s, item.ident);
         print_type_params(s, tps);
         space(s.s);
-        alt ifce {
-          some(ty) {
+        option::iter(ifce, {|p|
             word_nbsp(s, "of");
-            print_type(s, ty);
+            print_path(s, p.path, false);
             space(s.s);
-          }
-          _ {}
-        }
+            });
         word_nbsp(s, "for");
         print_type(s, ty);
         space(s.s);
diff --git a/src/librustsyntax/visit.rs b/src/librustsyntax/visit.rs
index 71dd5383e9a..ad6b787f180 100644
--- a/src/librustsyntax/visit.rs
+++ b/src/librustsyntax/visit.rs
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ fn visit_item<E>(i: @item, e: E, v: vt<E>) {
       }
       item_impl(tps, ifce, ty, methods) {
         v.visit_ty_params(tps, e, v);
-        alt ifce { some(ty) { v.visit_ty(ty, e, v); } none {} }
+        option::iter(ifce, {|p| visit_path(p.path, e, v)});
         v.visit_ty(ty, e, v);
         for methods.each {|m|
             visit_method_helper(m, e, v)
diff --git a/src/rustc/metadata/csearch.rs b/src/rustc/metadata/csearch.rs
index 0b7dada4f2d..9ba99139b90 100644
--- a/src/rustc/metadata/csearch.rs
+++ b/src/rustc/metadata/csearch.rs
@@ -160,8 +160,9 @@ fn get_field_type(tcx: ty::ctxt, class_id: ast::def_id,
     ret {bounds: @[], rp: ast::rp_none, ty: ty};
 }
 
-fn get_impl_iface(tcx: ty::ctxt, def: ast::def_id)
-    -> option<ty::t> {
+// Given a def_id for an impl or class, return the iface it implements,
+// or none if it's not for an impl or for a class that implements ifaces
+fn get_impl_iface(tcx: ty::ctxt, def: ast::def_id) -> option<ty::t> {
     let cstore = tcx.sess.cstore;
     let cdata = cstore::get_crate_data(cstore, def.crate);
     decoder::get_impl_iface(cdata, def.node, tcx)
diff --git a/src/rustc/metadata/decoder.rs b/src/rustc/metadata/decoder.rs
index 0fed31c20bc..50a1093153b 100644
--- a/src/rustc/metadata/decoder.rs
+++ b/src/rustc/metadata/decoder.rs
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ export get_class_method;
 export get_impl_method;
 export lookup_def;
 export lookup_item_name;
-export get_impl_iface;
 export resolve_path;
 export get_crate_attributes;
 export list_crate_metadata;
@@ -157,11 +156,9 @@ fn item_impl_iface(item: ebml::doc, tcx: ty::ctxt, cdata: cmd)
     -> option<ty::t> {
     let mut result = none;
     ebml::tagged_docs(item, tag_impl_iface) {|ity|
-        let t = parse_ty_data(ity.data, cdata.cnum, ity.start, tcx, {|did|
-            translate_def_id(cdata, did)
-        });
-        result = some(t);
-    }
+        result = some(parse_ty_data(ity.data, cdata.cnum, ity.start, tcx,
+                             {|did| translate_def_id(cdata, did)}));
+    };
     result
 }
 
diff --git a/src/rustc/metadata/encoder.rs b/src/rustc/metadata/encoder.rs
index 8fd8adae04a..dc53c10e3b6 100644
--- a/src/rustc/metadata/encoder.rs
+++ b/src/rustc/metadata/encoder.rs
@@ -659,9 +659,7 @@ fn encode_info_for_item(ecx: @encode_ctxt, ebml_w: ebml::writer, item: @item,
         }
         alt ifce {
           some(t) {
-            let i_ty = alt check t.node {
-              ty_path(_, id) { ty::node_id_to_type(tcx, id) }
-            };
+            let i_ty = ty::node_id_to_type(tcx, t.id);
             ebml_w.start_tag(tag_impl_iface);
             write_type(ecx, ebml_w, i_ty);
             ebml_w.end_tag();
diff --git a/src/rustc/middle/ast_map.rs b/src/rustc/middle/ast_map.rs
index ab7a884eaeb..2988cdc6f40 100644
--- a/src/rustc/middle/ast_map.rs
+++ b/src/rustc/middle/ast_map.rs
@@ -204,16 +204,16 @@ fn map_item(i: @item, cx: ctx, v: vt) {
             cx.map.insert(nitem.id, node_native_item(nitem, abi, @cx.path));
         }
       }
-      item_class(_, _, items, ctor, _) {
+      item_class(tps, ifces, items, ctor, _) {
+          let (_, ms) = ast_util::split_class_items(items);
+          // Map iface refs to their parent classes. This is
+          // so we can find the self_ty
+          vec::iter(ifces) {|p| cx.map.insert(p.id,
+                                  node_item(i, item_path)); };
           let d_id = ast_util::local_def(i.id);
           let p = extend(cx, i.ident);
-          for items.each {|ci|
            // only need to handle methods
-           alt ci.node {
-             class_method(m) { map_method(d_id, p, m, cx); }
-             _ {}
-           }
-          }
+          vec::iter(ms) {|m| map_method(d_id, p, m, cx); }
       }
       _ { }
     }
diff --git a/src/rustc/middle/resolve.rs b/src/rustc/middle/resolve.rs
index 076bb7705ca..c7ba313655e 100644
--- a/src/rustc/middle/resolve.rs
+++ b/src/rustc/middle/resolve.rs
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import metadata::{csearch, cstore};
 import driver::session::session;
 import util::common::*;
 import std::map::{int_hash, str_hash, hashmap};
+import vec::each;
 import syntax::codemap::span;
 import syntax::visit;
 import visit::vt;
@@ -402,6 +403,11 @@ fn maybe_insert(e: @env, id: node_id, def: option<def>) {
     }
 }
 
+fn resolve_iface_ref(p: @iface_ref, sc: scopes, e: @env) {
+    maybe_insert(e, p.id,
+       lookup_path_strict(*e, sc, p.path.span, p.path, ns_type));
+}
+
 fn resolve_names(e: @env, c: @ast::crate) {
     e.used_imports.track = true;
     let v =
@@ -431,9 +437,10 @@ fn resolve_names(e: @env, c: @ast::crate) {
         alt i.node {
            ast::item_class(_, ifaces, _, _, _) {
              /* visit the iface paths... */
-             for ifaces.each {|p|
-               maybe_insert(e, p.id,
-                 lookup_path_strict(*e, sc, p.path.span, p.path, ns_type))};
+              for ifaces.each {|p| resolve_iface_ref(p, sc, e)};
+           }
+           ast::item_impl(_, ifce, _, _) {
+               option::iter(ifce, {|p| resolve_iface_ref(p, sc, e)});
            }
            _ {}
         }
@@ -535,7 +542,7 @@ fn visit_item_with_scope(e: @env, i: @ast::item, sc: scopes, v: vt<scopes>) {
     alt i.node {
       ast::item_impl(tps, ifce, sty, methods) {
         visit::visit_ty_params(tps, sc, v);
-        alt ifce { some(ty) { v.visit_ty(ty, sc, v); } _ {} }
+        option::iter(ifce) {|p| visit::visit_path(p.path, sc, v)};
         v.visit_ty(sty, sc, v);
         for methods.each {|m|
             v.visit_ty_params(m.tps, sc, v);
@@ -1109,11 +1116,11 @@ fn lookup_in_scope(e: env, sc: scopes, sp: span, name: ident, ns: namespace,
                 }
                 ret some(df);
             }
-                      _ {}
-                  }
-             if left_fn {
-                left_fn_level2 = true;
-            } else if ns != ns_module {
+            _ {}
+        }
+        if left_fn {
+           left_fn_level2 = true;
+        } else if ns != ns_module {
                 left_fn = scope_is_fn(hd);
                 alt scope_closes(hd) {
                   some(node_id) { closing += [node_id]; }
@@ -1121,8 +1128,8 @@ fn lookup_in_scope(e: env, sc: scopes, sp: span, name: ident, ns: namespace,
                 }
             }
             sc = *tl;
-          }
         }
+      }
     };
 }
 
@@ -2103,6 +2110,8 @@ fn check_exports(e: @env) {
 // Impl resolution
 
 type method_info = {did: def_id, n_tps: uint, ident: ast::ident};
+/* what are the did and ident here? */
+/* ident = the name of the impl */
 type _impl = {did: def_id, ident: ast::ident, methods: [@method_info]};
 type iscopes = list<@[@_impl]>;
 
@@ -2177,6 +2186,12 @@ fn find_impls_in_view_item(e: env, vi: @ast::view_item,
     }
 }
 
+/*
+  Given an item <i>, adds one record to the mutable vec
+  <impls> if the item is an impl; zero or more records if the
+  item is a class; and none otherwise. Each record describes
+  one interface implemented by i.
+ */
 fn find_impls_in_item(e: env, i: @ast::item, &impls: [@_impl],
                       name: option<ident>,
                       ck_exports: option<@indexed_mod>) {
@@ -2196,6 +2211,20 @@ fn find_impls_in_item(e: env, i: @ast::item, &impls: [@_impl],
                         })}];
         }
       }
+      ast::item_class(tps, ifces, items, _, _) {
+          let (_, mthds) = ast_util::split_class_items(items);
+          let n_tps = tps.len();
+          vec::iter(ifces) {|p|
+              // The def_id, in this case, identifies the combination of
+              // class and iface
+              impls += [@{did: local_def(p.id),
+                         ident: i.ident,
+                         methods: vec::map(mthds, {|m|
+                                      @{did: local_def(m.id),
+                                          n_tps: n_tps + m.tps.len(),
+                                          ident: m.ident}})}];
+          }
+      }
       _ {}
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/rustc/middle/trans/alt.rs b/src/rustc/middle/trans/alt.rs
index 5b0f620661c..9219fc8d1ab 100644
--- a/src/rustc/middle/trans/alt.rs
+++ b/src/rustc/middle/trans/alt.rs
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ fn enter_opt(tcx: ty::ctxt, m: match, opt: opt, col: uint,
         alt p.node {
           ast::pat_enum(_, subpats) {
             if opt_eq(tcx, variant_opt(tcx, p.id), opt) {
-              some(option::get_or_default(subpats,
+              some(option::get_default(subpats,
                      vec::from_elem(variant_size, dummy))) }
             else { none }
           }
diff --git a/src/rustc/middle/trans/base.rs b/src/rustc/middle/trans/base.rs
index 4e7f495909e..85e2cd85176 100644
--- a/src/rustc/middle/trans/base.rs
+++ b/src/rustc/middle/trans/base.rs
@@ -1963,7 +1963,7 @@ fn monomorphic_fn(ccx: @crate_ctxt, fn_id: ast::def_id, real_substs: [ty::t],
     let mono_ty = ty::subst_tps(ccx.tcx, substs, item_ty);
     let llfty = type_of_fn_from_ty(ccx, mono_ty);
 
-    let depth = option::get_or_default(ccx.monomorphizing.find(fn_id), 0u);
+    let depth = option::get_default(ccx.monomorphizing.find(fn_id), 0u);
     // Random cut-off -- code that needs to instantiate the same function
     // recursively more than ten times can probably safely be assumed to be
     // causing an infinite expansion.
diff --git a/src/rustc/middle/trans/impl.rs b/src/rustc/middle/trans/impl.rs
index cb87000c7c6..8b1873247d3 100644
--- a/src/rustc/middle/trans/impl.rs
+++ b/src/rustc/middle/trans/impl.rs
@@ -5,13 +5,13 @@ import type_of::*;
 import build::*;
 import driver::session::session;
 import syntax::ast;
-import syntax::ast_util::local_def;
+import syntax::ast_util::{local_def, split_class_items};
 import metadata::csearch;
 import back::{link, abi};
 import lib::llvm::llvm;
 import lib::llvm::{ValueRef, TypeRef};
 import lib::llvm::llvm::LLVMGetParam;
-import ast_map::{path, path_mod, path_name};
+import ast_map::{path, path_mod, path_name, node_id_to_str};
 import std::map::hashmap;
 
 fn trans_impl(ccx: @crate_ctxt, path: path, name: ast::ident,
@@ -82,12 +82,21 @@ fn trans_vtable_callee(bcx: block, env: callee_env, vtable: ValueRef,
     {bcx: bcx, val: mptr, kind: owned, env: env}
 }
 
+fn method_from_methods(ms: [@ast::method], name: ast::ident) -> ast::def_id {
+  local_def(option::get(vec::find(ms, {|m| m.ident == name})).id)
+}
+
 fn method_with_name(ccx: @crate_ctxt, impl_id: ast::def_id,
                     name: ast::ident) -> ast::def_id {
     if impl_id.crate == ast::local_crate {
         alt check ccx.tcx.items.get(impl_id.node) {
           ast_map::node_item(@{node: ast::item_impl(_, _, _, ms), _}, _) {
-            local_def(option::get(vec::find(ms, {|m| m.ident == name})).id)
+            method_from_methods(ms, name)
+          }
+          ast_map::node_item(@{node:
+               ast::item_class(_, _, items, _, _), _}, _) {
+            let (_,ms) = split_class_items(items);
+            method_from_methods(ms, name)
           }
         }
     } else {
@@ -245,9 +254,8 @@ fn make_impl_vtable(ccx: @crate_ctxt, impl_id: ast::def_id, substs: [ty::t],
     let tcx = ccx.tcx;
     let ifce_id = ty::ty_to_def_id(option::get(ty::impl_iface(tcx, impl_id)));
     let has_tps = (*ty::lookup_item_type(ccx.tcx, impl_id).bounds).len() > 0u;
-    make_vtable(ccx, vec::map(*ty::iface_methods(tcx, ifce_id), {|im|
-        let fty = ty::subst_tps(tcx, substs,
-                                             ty::mk_fn(tcx, im.fty));
+    make_vtable(ccx, vec::map(*ty::iface_methods(tcx, ifce_id)) {|im|
+        let fty = ty::subst_tps(tcx, substs, ty::mk_fn(tcx, im.fty));
         if (*im.tps).len() > 0u || ty::type_has_vars(fty) {
             C_null(T_ptr(T_nil()))
         } else {
@@ -260,7 +268,7 @@ fn make_impl_vtable(ccx: @crate_ctxt, impl_id: ast::def_id, substs: [ty::t],
                 trans_external_path(ccx, m_id, fty)
             }
         }
-    }))
+    })
 }
 
 fn trans_cast(bcx: block, val: @ast::expr, id: ast::node_id, dest: dest)
diff --git a/src/rustc/middle/ty.rs b/src/rustc/middle/ty.rs
index 9b25b057c3f..2d5a68d08ab 100644
--- a/src/rustc/middle/ty.rs
+++ b/src/rustc/middle/ty.rs
@@ -1326,6 +1326,17 @@ fn type_kind(cx: ctxt, ty: t) -> kind {
         }
         lowest
       }
+      // FIXME: (tjc) there are rules about when classes are copyable/
+      // sendable, but I'm just treating them like records (#1726)
+      ty_class(did, substs) {
+          // also factor out this code, copied from the records case
+          let mut lowest = kind_sendable;
+          let flds = class_items_as_fields(cx, did, substs);
+          for flds.each {|f|
+            lowest = lower_kind(lowest, type_kind(cx, f.mt.ty));
+          }
+          lowest
+      }
       // Tuples lower to the lowest of their members.
       ty_tup(tys) {
         let mut lowest = kind_sendable;
@@ -1356,7 +1367,6 @@ fn type_kind(cx: ctxt, ty: t) -> kind {
           param_bounds_to_kind(cx.ty_param_bounds.get(did.node))
       }
       ty_constr(t, _) { type_kind(cx, t) }
-      ty_class(_, _) { fail "FIXME"; }
       ty_var(_) { fail "FIXME"; }
       ty_self(_) { kind_noncopyable }
     };
@@ -2248,12 +2258,24 @@ fn iface_methods(cx: ctxt, id: ast::def_id) -> @[method] {
 
 fn impl_iface(cx: ctxt, id: ast::def_id) -> option<t> {
     if id.crate == ast::local_crate {
-        alt cx.items.get(id.node) {
-          ast_map::node_item(@{node: ast::item_impl(
-              _, some(@{node: ast::ty_path(_, id), _}), _, _), _}, _) {
-            some(node_id_to_type(cx, id))
-          }
-          _ { none }
+        alt cx.items.find(id.node) {
+           some(ast_map::node_item(@{node: ast::item_impl(
+              _, some(@{id: id, _}), _, _), _}, _)) {
+              some(node_id_to_type(cx, id))
+           }
+           some(ast_map::node_item(@{node: ast::item_class(_, _, _, _, _),
+                           _},_)) {
+             alt cx.def_map.find(id.node) {
+               some(def_ty(iface_id)) {
+                   some(node_id_to_type(cx, id.node))
+               }
+               _ {
+                 cx.sess.bug("impl_iface: iface ref isn't in iface map \
+                         and isn't bound to a def_ty");
+               }
+             }
+           }
+           _ { none }
         }
     } else {
         csearch::get_impl_iface(cx, id)
diff --git a/src/rustc/middle/typeck.rs b/src/rustc/middle/typeck.rs
index 64d3c4f869b..78fefd3d236 100644
--- a/src/rustc/middle/typeck.rs
+++ b/src/rustc/middle/typeck.rs
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import std::map;
 import std::map::{hashmap, int_hash};
 import std::serialization::{serialize_uint, deserialize_uint};
 import std::ufind;
+import vec::each;
 import syntax::print::pprust::*;
 import util::common::indent;
 import std::list;
@@ -43,10 +44,27 @@ type method_map = hashmap<ast::node_id, method_origin>;
 
 // Resolutions for bounds of all parameters, left to right, for a given path.
 type vtable_res = @[vtable_origin];
+
 enum vtable_origin {
+    /*
+      Statically known vtable. def_id gives the class or impl item
+      from whence comes the vtable, and tys are the type substs.
+      vtable_res is the vtable itself
+     */
     vtable_static(ast::def_id, [ty::t], vtable_res),
-    // Param number, bound number
+    /*
+      Dynamic vtable, comes from a parameter that has a bound on it:
+      fn foo<T: quux, baz, bar>(a: T) -- a's vtable would have a
+      vtable_param origin
+
+      The first uint is the param number (identifying T in the example),
+      and the second is the bound number (identifying baz)
+     */
     vtable_param(uint, uint),
+    /*
+      Dynamic vtable, comes from something known to have an interface
+      type. def_id refers to the iface item, tys are the substs
+     */
     vtable_iface(ast::def_id, [ty::t]),
 }
 
@@ -119,12 +137,12 @@ type fn_ctxt =
 
 // Determines whether the given node ID is a use of the def of
 // the self ID for the current method, if there is one
+// self IDs in an outer scope count. so that means that you can
+// call your own private methods from nested functions inside
+// class methods
 fn self_ref(fcx: @fn_ctxt, id: ast::node_id) -> bool {
-    // check what def `id` was resolved to (if anything)
-    alt fcx.ccx.tcx.def_map.find(id) {
-      some(ast::def_self(_)) { true }
-      _ { false }
-    }
+    option::map_default(fcx.ccx.tcx.def_map.find(id), false,
+                        ast_util::is_self)
 }
 
 fn lookup_local(fcx: @fn_ctxt, sp: span, id: ast::node_id) -> ty_vid {
@@ -465,19 +483,7 @@ fn ast_region_to_region<AC: ast_conv, RS: region_scope>(
     get_region_reporting_err(self.tcx(), span, res)
 }
 
-// Parses the programmer's textual representation of a type into our
-// internal notion of a type. `getter` is a function that returns the type
-// corresponding to a definition ID:
-fn ast_ty_to_ty<AC: ast_conv, RS: region_scope copy>(
-    self: AC, rscope: RS, &&ast_ty: @ast::ty) -> ty::t {
-
-    fn ast_mt_to_mt<AC: ast_conv, RS: region_scope copy>(
-        self: AC, rscope: RS, mt: ast::mt) -> ty::mt {
-
-        ret {ty: ast_ty_to_ty(self, rscope, mt.ty), mutbl: mt.mutbl};
-    }
-
-    fn instantiate<AC: ast_conv, RS: region_scope copy>(
+fn instantiate<AC: ast_conv, RS: region_scope copy>(
         self: AC, rscope: RS, sp: span, id: ast::def_id,
         path_id: ast::node_id, args: [@ast::ty]) -> ty::t {
 
@@ -511,6 +517,40 @@ fn ast_ty_to_ty<AC: ast_conv, RS: region_scope copy>(
         let ty = ty::subst(tcx, substs, ty);
         write_substs_to_tcx(tcx, path_id, substs.tps);
         ret ty;
+}
+
+/*
+  Instantiates the path for the given iface reference, assuming that
+  it's bound to a valid iface type. Returns the def_id for the defining
+  iface
+ */
+fn instantiate_iface_ref(ccx: @crate_ctxt, t: @ast::iface_ref)
+    -> ast::def_id {
+    alt lookup_def_tcx(ccx.tcx, t.path.span, t.id) {
+       ast::def_ty(t_id) {
+         // tjc: will probably need to refer to
+         // impl or class ty params too
+         instantiate(ccx, empty_rscope, t.path.span, t_id, t.id,
+                     t.path.types);
+         t_id
+       }
+       _ {
+          ccx.tcx.sess.span_fatal(t.path.span,
+                     "can only implement interface types");
+       }
+    }
+}
+
+// Parses the programmer's textual representation of a type into our
+// internal notion of a type. `getter` is a function that returns the type
+// corresponding to a definition ID:
+fn ast_ty_to_ty<AC: ast_conv, RS: region_scope copy>(
+    self: AC, rscope: RS, &&ast_ty: @ast::ty) -> ty::t {
+
+    fn ast_mt_to_mt<AC: ast_conv, RS: region_scope copy>(
+        self: AC, rscope: RS, mt: ast::mt) -> ty::mt {
+
+        ret {ty: ast_ty_to_ty(self, rscope, mt.ty), mutbl: mt.mutbl};
     }
 
     fn mk_bounded<AC: ast_conv, RS: region_scope copy>(
@@ -1169,6 +1209,7 @@ fn mk_substs(ccx: @crate_ctxt, atps: [ast::ty_param], rp: ast::region_param)
 fn compare_impl_method(tcx: ty::ctxt, sp: span, impl_m: ty::method,
                        impl_tps: uint, if_m: ty::method, substs: [ty::t],
                        self_ty: ty::t) -> ty::t {
+
     if impl_m.tps != if_m.tps {
         tcx.sess.span_err(sp, "method `" + if_m.ident +
                           "` has an incompatible set of type parameters");
@@ -1371,39 +1412,37 @@ mod collect {
                                    tps: [ast::ty_param],
                                    rp: ast::region_param,
                                    selfty: ty::t,
-                                   t: @ast::ty,
-                                   ms: [@ast::method]) {
+                                   t: @ast::iface_ref,
+                                   ms: [@ast::method]) -> ast::def_id {
 
         let tcx = ccx.tcx;
         let i_bounds = ty_param_bounds(ccx, tps);
         let my_methods = convert_methods(ccx, ms, rp, i_bounds, selfty);
-        let iface_ty = ccx.to_ty(empty_rscope, t);
-        alt ty::get(iface_ty).struct {
-          ty::ty_iface(did, tys) {
-            // Store the iface type in the type node
-            alt check t.node {
-              ast::ty_path(_, t_id) {
-                write_ty_to_tcx(tcx, t_id, iface_ty);
-              }
-            }
-            if did.crate == ast::local_crate {
-                ensure_iface_methods(ccx, did.node);
-            }
-            for vec::each(*ty::iface_methods(tcx, did)) {|if_m|
-                alt vec::find(my_methods,
-                              {|m| if_m.ident == m.mty.ident}) {
-                  some({mty: m, id, span}) {
-                    if m.purity != if_m.purity {
-                        ccx.tcx.sess.span_err(
-                            span, #fmt["method `%s`'s purity \
+        let did = instantiate_iface_ref(ccx, t);
+        // not sure whether it's correct to use empty_rscope
+        // -- tjc
+        let tys = vec::map(t.path.types,
+                           {|t| ccx.to_ty(empty_rscope,t)});
+        // Store the iface type in the type node
+        write_ty_to_tcx(tcx, t.id, ty::mk_iface(ccx.tcx, did, tys));
+        if did.crate == ast::local_crate {
+            ensure_iface_methods(ccx, did.node);
+        }
+        for vec::each(*ty::iface_methods(tcx, did)) {|if_m|
+           alt vec::find(my_methods,
+              {|m| if_m.ident == m.mty.ident}) {
+             some({mty: m, id, span}) {
+                 if m.purity != if_m.purity {
+                         ccx.tcx.sess.span_err(
+                           span, #fmt["method `%s`'s purity \
                                         not match the iface method's \
                                         purity", m.ident]);
-                    }
-                    let mt = compare_impl_method(
+                 }
+                 let mt = compare_impl_method(
                         ccx.tcx, span, m, vec::len(tps),
                         if_m, tys, selfty);
-                    let old = tcx.tcache.get(local_def(id));
-                    if old.ty != mt {
+                 let old = tcx.tcache.get(local_def(id));
+                 if old.ty != mt {
                         tcx.tcache.insert(
                             local_def(id),
                             {bounds: old.bounds,
@@ -1412,27 +1451,24 @@ mod collect {
                         write_ty_to_tcx(tcx, id, mt);
                     }
                   }
-                  none {
-                    tcx.sess.span_err(t.span, "missing method `" +
+             none {
+               tcx.sess.span_err(t.path.span, "missing method `" +
                                       if_m.ident + "`");
-                  }
-                } // alt
-            } // |if_m|
-          } // for
-          _ {
-            tcx.sess.span_fatal(t.span, "can only implement \
-                                         interface types");
-        }
-      }
-    }
+             }
+           } // alt
+        } // |if_m|
+        did
+    } // fn
 
     fn convert_class_item(ccx: @crate_ctxt,
                           rp: ast::region_param,
                           v: ast_util::ivar) {
+        /* we want to do something here, b/c within the
+         scope of the class, it's ok to refer to fields &
+        methods unqualified */
         /* they have these types *within the scope* of the
          class. outside the class, it's done with expr_field */
         let tt = ccx.to_ty(type_rscope(rp), v.ty);
-        #debug("convert_class_item: %s %?", v.ident, v.id);
         write_ty_to_tcx(ccx.tcx, v.id, tt);
     }
 
@@ -1485,7 +1521,7 @@ mod collect {
                                ty: selfty});
             alt ifce {
               some(t) {
-                check_methods_against_iface(
+                  check_methods_against_iface(
                     ccx, tps, ast::rp_none, // NDM iface/impl regions
                     selfty, t, ms);
               }
@@ -1569,29 +1605,16 @@ mod collect {
             that it claims to implement.
             */
             for ifaces.each { |ifce|
-                alt lookup_def_tcx(tcx, it.span, ifce.id) {
-                  ast::def_ty(t_id) {
-                    let t = ty::lookup_item_type(tcx, t_id).ty;
-                    alt ty::get(t).struct {
-                      ty::ty_iface(_,_) {
-                        write_ty_to_tcx(tcx, ifce.id, t);
-                        check_methods_against_iface(
-                            ccx, tps, rp, selfty,
-                            @{id: ifce.id,
-                              node: ast::ty_path(ifce.path, ifce.id),
-                              span: ifce.path.span},
-                            methods);
-                      }
-                      _ {
-                        tcx.sess.span_fatal(
-                            ifce.path.span,
-                            "can only implement interface types");
-                      }
-                    }
-                  }
-                  _ { tcx.sess.span_err(ifce.path.span, "not an interface \
-                                                         type"); }
-                }
+                let t_id = check_methods_against_iface(ccx, tps, rp, selfty,
+                                                       ifce, methods);
+                // FIXME: This assumes classes only implement
+                // non-parameterized ifaces. add a test case for
+                // a class implementing a parameterized iface.
+                // -- tjc (#1726)
+                let t = ty::mk_iface(tcx, t_id, []);
+                write_ty_to_tcx(tcx, ifce.id, t);
+                // FIXME: likewise, assuming no bounds -- tjc
+                tcx.tcache.insert(local_def(ifce.id), no_params(t));
             }
           }
           _ {
@@ -1601,7 +1624,7 @@ mod collect {
             let tpt = ty_of_item(ccx, it);
             write_ty_to_tcx(tcx, it.id, tpt.ty);
           }
-        }
+       }
     }
     fn convert_native(ccx: @crate_ctxt, i: @ast::native_item) {
         // As above, this call populates the type table with the converted
@@ -1696,8 +1719,7 @@ fn require_same_types(
     alt infer::compare_tys(tcx, t1, t2) {
       result::ok(()) { true }
       result::err(terr) {
-        tcx.sess.span_err(
-            span, msg() + ": " +
+        tcx.sess.span_err(span, msg() + ": " +
             ty::type_err_to_str(tcx, terr));
         false
       }
@@ -2368,12 +2390,28 @@ fn impl_self_ty(fcx: @fn_ctxt, did: ast::def_id) -> ty_param_substs_and_ty {
     let tcx = fcx.ccx.tcx;
 
     let {n_tps, raw_ty} = if did.crate == ast::local_crate {
-        alt check tcx.items.get(did.node) {
-          ast_map::node_item(@{node: ast::item_impl(ts, _, st, _),
-                               _}, _) {
-            {n_tps: vec::len(ts),
+        alt check tcx.items.find(did.node) {
+          some(ast_map::node_item(@{node: ast::item_impl(ts, _, st, _),
+                                _}, _)) {
+            {n_tps: ts.len(),
              raw_ty: fcx.to_ty(st)}
           }
+          // Node doesn't map to an impl. It might map to a class.
+          some(ast_map::node_item(@{node: ast::item_class(ts,
+                                    _,_,_,rp), id: class_id, _},_)) {
+              /* If the impl is a class, the self ty is just the class ty
+                 (doing a no-op subst for the ty params; in the next step,
+                 we substitute in fresh vars for them)
+               */
+              {n_tps: ts.len(),
+               raw_ty: ty::mk_class(tcx, local_def(class_id),
+                      {self_r: alt rp {
+                          ast::rp_self { some(fcx.next_region_var()) }
+                          ast::rp_none { none }},
+                      tps: ty::ty_params_to_tys(tcx, ts)})}
+          }
+          _ { tcx.sess.bug("impl_self_ty: unbound item or item that \
+               doesn't have a self_ty"); }
         }
     } else {
         let ity = ty::lookup_item_type(tcx, did);
@@ -4300,6 +4338,8 @@ fn check_item(ccx: @crate_ctxt, it: @ast::item) {
           check_bare_fn(class_ccx, ctor.node.dec,
                         ctor.node.body, ctor.node.id,
                         some(class_t));
+          // Write the ctor's self's type
+          write_ty_to_tcx(tcx, ctor.node.self_id, class_t);
 
           // typecheck the members
           for members.each {|m| check_class_member(class_ccx, class_t, m); }
@@ -4403,6 +4443,10 @@ mod vtable {
         @result
     }
 
+    /*
+      Look up the vtable to use when treating an item of type <t>
+      as if it has type <iface_ty>
+     */
     fn lookup_vtable(fcx: @fn_ctxt, isc: resolve::iscopes, sp: span,
                      ty: ty::t, iface_ty: ty::t, allow_unsafe: bool)
         -> vtable_origin {
@@ -4449,14 +4493,17 @@ mod vtable {
             for list::each(isc) {|impls|
                 let mut found = none;
                 for vec::each(*impls) {|im|
+                    /* What iface does this item implement? */
                     let match = alt ty::impl_iface(tcx, im.did) {
                       some(ity) {
                         alt check ty::get(ity).struct {
+                        /* Does it match the one we're searching for? */
                           ty::ty_iface(id, _) { id == iface_id }
                         }
                       }
                       _ { false }
                     };
+                    /* Found a matching iface */
                     if match {
                         let {substs: substs, ty: self_ty} =
                             impl_self_ty(fcx, im.did);
@@ -4566,10 +4613,21 @@ mod vtable {
             let target_ty = fcx.expr_ty(ex);
             alt ty::get(target_ty).struct {
               ty::ty_iface(_, _) {
+               /* Casting to an interface type.
+                  Look up all impls for the cast expr...
+               */
                 let impls = cx.impl_map.get(ex.id);
+                /*
+                  Look up vtables for the type we're casting to,
+                  passing in the source and target type
+                 */
                 let vtable = lookup_vtable(fcx, impls, ex.span,
                                            fcx.expr_ty(src), target_ty,
                                            true);
+                /*
+                  Map this expression to that vtable (that is: "ex has
+                  vtable <vtable>")
+                 */
                 cx.vtable_map.insert(ex.id, @[vtable]);
               }
               _ {}
diff --git a/src/rustdoc/tystr_pass.rs b/src/rustdoc/tystr_pass.rs
index 3e5ac07f093..58f147ca6ff 100644
--- a/src/rustdoc/tystr_pass.rs
+++ b/src/rustdoc/tystr_pass.rs
@@ -249,8 +249,8 @@ fn fold_impl(
           ast_map::node_item(@{
             node: ast::item_impl(_, iface_ty, self_ty, _), _
           }, _) {
-            let iface_ty = option::map(iface_ty) {|iface_ty|
-                pprust::ty_to_str(iface_ty)
+            let iface_ty = option::map(iface_ty) {|p|
+                pprust::path_to_str(p.path)
             };
             (iface_ty, some(pprust::ty_to_str(self_ty)))
           }
diff --git a/src/test/compile-fail/class-cast-to-iface.rs b/src/test/compile-fail/class-cast-to-iface.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..faebae34694
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/compile-fail/class-cast-to-iface.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// error-pattern: attempted access of field eat on type noisy
+iface noisy {
+  fn speak();
+}
+
+class cat implements noisy {
+  priv {
+    let mut meows : uint;
+    fn meow() {
+      #error("Meow");
+      self.meows += 1u;
+      if self.meows % 5u == 0u {
+          self.how_hungry += 1;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  let mut how_hungry : int;
+  let name : str;
+
+  new(in_x : uint, in_y : int, in_name: str)
+    { self.meows = in_x; self.how_hungry = in_y; self.name = in_name; }
+
+  fn speak() { self.meow(); }
+
+  fn eat() -> bool {
+    if self.how_hungry > 0 {
+        #error("OM NOM NOM");
+        self.how_hungry -= 2;
+        ret true;
+    }
+    else {
+        #error("Not hungry!");
+        ret false;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+fn main() {
+  let nyan : noisy  = cat(0u, 2, "nyan") as noisy;
+  nyan.eat();
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/test/compile-fail/class-implements-int.rs b/src/test/compile-fail/class-implements-int.rs
index b4111ef93b3..70eca5e0742 100644
--- a/src/test/compile-fail/class-implements-int.rs
+++ b/src/test/compile-fail/class-implements-int.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
-// error-pattern:not an interface type
-class cat implements int {
+// xfail-test
+/*
+  tjc: currently this results in a memory leak after a call to
+  span_fatal in typeck. I think it's the same issue as #2272, because
+  if I make type_needs_unwind_cleanup always return true, the test passes.
+  FIXME: Un-xfail this when #2272 is fixed.
+ */
+class cat implements int { //! ERROR can only implement interface types
   let meows: uint;
   new(in_x : uint) { self.meows = in_x; }
 }
diff --git a/src/test/run-pass/class-cast-to-iface-multiple-types.rs b/src/test/run-pass/class-cast-to-iface-multiple-types.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d9129fae804
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/run-pass/class-cast-to-iface-multiple-types.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+iface noisy {
+  fn speak() -> int;
+}
+
+class dog implements noisy {
+  priv {
+    let barks : @mut uint;
+    fn bark() -> int {
+      #debug("Woof %u %d", *self.barks, *self.volume);
+      *self.barks += 1u;
+      if *self.barks % 3u == 0u {
+          *self.volume += 1;
+      }
+      if *self.barks % 10u == 0u {
+          *self.volume -= 2;
+      }
+      #debug("Grrr %u %d", *self.barks, *self.volume);
+      *self.volume
+    }
+  }
+
+  let volume : @mut int;
+
+  new() { self.volume = @mut 0; self.barks = @mut 0u; }
+
+  fn speak() -> int { self.bark() }
+}
+
+class cat implements noisy {
+  priv {
+    let meows : @mut uint;
+    fn meow() -> uint {
+      #debug("Meow");
+      *self.meows += 1u;
+      if *self.meows % 5u == 0u {
+          *self.how_hungry += 1;
+      }
+      *self.meows
+    }
+  }
+
+  let how_hungry : @mut int;
+  let name : str;
+
+  new(in_x : uint, in_y : int, in_name: str)
+    { self.meows = @mut in_x; self.how_hungry = @mut in_y;
+      self.name = in_name; }
+
+  fn speak() -> int { self.meow() as int }
+  fn meow_count() -> uint { *self.meows }
+}
+
+fn annoy_neighbors<T: noisy>(critter: T) {
+  uint::range(0u, 10u) {|i| critter.speak(); }
+}
+
+fn main() {
+  let nyan : cat  = cat(0u, 2, "nyan");
+  let whitefang : dog = dog();
+  annoy_neighbors(nyan as noisy);
+  annoy_neighbors(whitefang as noisy);
+  assert(nyan.meow_count() == 10u);
+  assert(*whitefang.volume == 1);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/test/run-pass/class-cast-to-iface.rs b/src/test/run-pass/class-cast-to-iface.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..90b3d67cb59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/run-pass/class-cast-to-iface.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+iface noisy {
+  fn speak();
+}
+
+class cat implements noisy {
+  priv {
+    let mut meows : uint;
+    fn meow() {
+      #error("Meow");
+      self.meows += 1u;
+      if self.meows % 5u == 0u {
+          self.how_hungry += 1;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  let mut how_hungry : int;
+  let name : str;
+
+  new(in_x : uint, in_y : int, in_name: str)
+    { self.meows = in_x; self.how_hungry = in_y; self.name = in_name; }
+
+  fn speak() { self.meow(); }
+
+  fn eat() -> bool {
+    if self.how_hungry > 0 {
+        #error("OM NOM NOM");
+        self.how_hungry -= 2;
+        ret true;
+    }
+    else {
+        #error("Not hungry!");
+        ret false;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+fn main() {
+  let nyan : noisy  = cat(0u, 2, "nyan") as noisy;
+  nyan.speak();
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/test/run-pass/class-implements-multiple-ifaces.rs b/src/test/run-pass/class-implements-multiple-ifaces.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5a238a46ed8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/run-pass/class-implements-multiple-ifaces.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+use std;
+import std::map::*;
+import vec::*;
+
+enum furniture { chair, couch, bed }
+enum body_part { finger, toe, nose, ear }
+
+iface noisy {
+  fn speak() -> int;
+}
+
+iface scratchy {
+  fn scratch() -> option<furniture>;
+}
+
+iface bitey {
+  fn bite() -> body_part;
+}
+
+fn vec_includes<T>(xs: [T], x: T) -> bool {
+  for each(xs) {|y| if y == x { ret true; }}
+  ret false;
+}
+
+// vtables other than the 1st one don't seem to work
+class cat implements noisy, scratchy, bitey {
+  priv {
+    let meows : @mut uint;
+    let scratched : @mut [furniture];
+    let bite_counts : hashmap<body_part, uint>;
+
+    fn meow() -> uint {
+      #debug("Meow: %u", *self.meows);
+      *self.meows += 1u;
+      if *self.meows % 5u == 0u {
+          *self.how_hungry += 1;
+      }
+      *self.meows
+    }
+  }
+
+  let how_hungry : @mut int;
+  let name : str;
+
+  new(in_x : uint, in_y : int, in_name: str)
+    { self.meows = @mut in_x; self.how_hungry = @mut in_y;
+      self.name = in_name; self.scratched = @mut [];
+      let hsher: hashfn<body_part> =
+        fn@(p: body_part) -> uint { int::hash(p as int) };
+      let eqer : eqfn<body_part> =
+        fn@(p: body_part, q: body_part)  -> bool { p == q };
+      let t : hashmap<body_part, uint> =
+        hashmap::<body_part, uint>(hsher, eqer);
+      self.bite_counts = t;
+      iter([finger, toe, nose, ear]) {|p|
+          self.bite_counts.insert(p, 0u);
+      };
+    }
+
+  fn speak() -> int { self.meow() as int }
+  fn meow_count() -> uint { *self.meows }
+  fn scratch() -> option<furniture> {
+    let all = [chair, couch, bed];
+    log(error, *(self.scratched));
+    let mut rslt = none;
+    for each(all) {|thing| if !vec_includes(*(self.scratched), thing) {
+          *self.scratched += [thing];
+          ret some(thing); }}
+    rslt
+  }
+  fn bite() -> body_part {
+    #error("In bite()");
+    let all = [toe, nose, ear];
+    let mut min = finger;
+    iter(all) {|next|
+      #debug("min = %?", min);
+        if self.bite_counts.get(next) < self.bite_counts.get(min) {
+            min = next;
+          }};
+    self.bite_counts.insert(min, self.bite_counts.get(min) + 1u);
+    #debug("Bit %?", min);
+    min
+  }
+}
+
+fn annoy_neighbors<T: noisy>(critter: T) {
+  uint::range(0u, 10u) {|i|
+      let what = critter.speak();
+      #debug("%u %d", i, what);
+  }
+}
+
+fn bite_everything<T: bitey>(critter: T) -> bool {
+  let mut left : [body_part] = [finger, toe, nose, ear];
+  while vec::len(left) > 0u {
+    let part = critter.bite();
+    #debug("%? %?", left, part);
+    if vec_includes(left, part) {
+        left = vec::filter(left, {|p| p != part});
+    }
+    else {
+      ret false;
+    }
+  }
+  true
+}
+
+fn scratched_something<T: scratchy>(critter: T) -> bool {
+  option::is_some(critter.scratch())
+}
+
+fn main() {
+  let nyan : cat  = cat(0u, 2, "nyan");
+  annoy_neighbors(nyan as noisy);
+  assert(nyan.meow_count() == 10u);
+  assert(bite_everything(nyan as bitey));
+  assert(scratched_something(nyan as scratchy));
+}
\ No newline at end of file