Rollup merge of #123349 - compiler-errors:async-closure-captures, r=oli-obk

Fix capture analysis for by-move closure bodies

The check we were doing to figure out if a coroutine was borrowing from its parent coroutine-closure was flat-out wrong -- a misunderstanding of mine of the way that `tcx.closure_captures` represents its captures.

Fixes #123251 (the miri/ui test I added should more than cover that issue)

r? `@oli-obk` -- I recognize that this PR may be underdocumented, so please ask me what I should explain further.

compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coroutine/by_move_body.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,66 @@
-//! A MIR pass which duplicates a coroutine's body and removes any derefs which
-//! would be present for upvars that are taken by-ref. The result of which will
-//! be a coroutine body that takes all of its upvars by-move, and which we stash
-//! into the `CoroutineInfo` for all coroutines returned by coroutine-closures.
+//! This pass constructs a second coroutine body sufficient for return from
+//! `FnOnce`/`AsyncFnOnce` implementations for coroutine-closures (e.g. async closures).
+//!
+//! Consider an async closure like:
+//! ```rust
+//! #![feature(async_closure)]
+//!
+//! let x = vec![1, 2, 3];
+//!
+//! let closure = async move || {
+//!     println!("{x:#?}");
+//! };
+//! ```
+//!
+//! This desugars to something like:
+//! ```rust,ignore (invalid-borrowck)
+//! let x = vec![1, 2, 3];
+//!
+//! let closure = move || {
+//!     async {
+//!         println!("{x:#?}");
+//!     }
+//! };
+//! ```
+//!
+//! Important to note here is that while the outer closure *moves* `x: Vec<i32>`
+//! into its upvars, the inner `async` coroutine simply captures a ref of `x`.
+//! This is the "magic" of async closures -- the futures that they return are
+//! allowed to borrow from their parent closure's upvars.
+//!
+//! However, what happens when we call `closure` with `AsyncFnOnce` (or `FnOnce`,
+//! since all async closures implement that too)? Well, recall the signature:
+//! ```
+//! use std::future::Future;
+//! pub trait AsyncFnOnce<Args>
+//! {
+//!     type CallOnceFuture: Future<Output = Self::Output>;
+//!     type Output;
+//!     fn async_call_once(
+//!         self,
+//!         args: Args
+//!     ) -> Self::CallOnceFuture;
+//! }
+//! ```
+//!
+//! This signature *consumes* the async closure (`self`) and returns a `CallOnceFuture`.
+//! How do we deal with the fact that the coroutine is supposed to take a reference
+//! to the captured `x` from the parent closure, when that parent closure has been
+//! destroyed?
+//!
+//! This is the second piece of magic of async closures. We can simply create a
+//! *second* `async` coroutine body where that `x` that was previously captured
+//! by reference is now captured by value. This means that we consume the outer
+//! closure and return a new coroutine that will hold onto all of these captures,
+//! and drop them when it is finished (i.e. after it has been `.await`ed).
+//!
+//! We do this with the analysis below, which detects the captures that come from
+//! borrowing from the outer closure, and we simply peel off a `deref` projection
+//! from them. This second body is stored alongside the first body, and optimized
+//! with it in lockstep. When we need to resolve a body for `FnOnce` or `AsyncFnOnce`,
+//! we use this "by move" body instead.
+
+use itertools::Itertools;
 
 use rustc_data_structures::unord::UnordSet;
 use rustc_hir as hir;
@@ -14,6 +73,8 @@ pub struct ByMoveBody;
 
 impl<'tcx> MirPass<'tcx> for ByMoveBody {
     fn run_pass(&self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, body: &mut mir::Body<'tcx>) {
+        // We only need to generate by-move coroutine bodies for coroutines that come
+        // from coroutine-closures.
         let Some(coroutine_def_id) = body.source.def_id().as_local() else {
             return;
         };
@@ -22,44 +83,70 @@ impl<'tcx> MirPass<'tcx> for ByMoveBody {
         else {
             return;
         };
+
+        // Also, let's skip processing any bodies with errors, since there's no guarantee
+        // the MIR body will be constructed well.
         let coroutine_ty = body.local_decls[ty::CAPTURE_STRUCT_LOCAL].ty;
         if coroutine_ty.references_error() {
             return;
         }
-        let ty::Coroutine(_, args) = *coroutine_ty.kind() else { bug!("{body:#?}") };
 
-        let coroutine_kind = args.as_coroutine().kind_ty().to_opt_closure_kind().unwrap();
+        let ty::Coroutine(_, coroutine_args) = *coroutine_ty.kind() else { bug!("{body:#?}") };
+        // We don't need to generate a by-move coroutine if the kind of the coroutine is
+        // already `FnOnce` -- that means that any upvars that the closure consumes have
+        // already been taken by-value.
+        let coroutine_kind = coroutine_args.as_coroutine().kind_ty().to_opt_closure_kind().unwrap();
         if coroutine_kind == ty::ClosureKind::FnOnce {
             return;
         }
 
+        let parent_def_id = tcx.local_parent(coroutine_def_id);
+        let ty::CoroutineClosure(_, parent_args) =
+            *tcx.type_of(parent_def_id).instantiate_identity().kind()
+        else {
+            bug!();
+        };
+        let parent_closure_args = parent_args.as_coroutine_closure();
+        let num_args = parent_closure_args
+            .coroutine_closure_sig()
+            .skip_binder()
+            .tupled_inputs_ty
+            .tuple_fields()
+            .len();
+
         let mut by_ref_fields = UnordSet::default();
-        let by_move_upvars = Ty::new_tup_from_iter(
-            tcx,
-            tcx.closure_captures(coroutine_def_id).iter().enumerate().map(|(idx, capture)| {
-                if capture.is_by_ref() {
-                    by_ref_fields.insert(FieldIdx::from_usize(idx));
-                }
-                capture.place.ty()
-            }),
-        );
-        let by_move_coroutine_ty = Ty::new_coroutine(
-            tcx,
-            coroutine_def_id.to_def_id(),
-            ty::CoroutineArgs::new(
+        for (idx, (coroutine_capture, parent_capture)) in tcx
+            .closure_captures(coroutine_def_id)
+            .iter()
+            // By construction we capture all the args first.
+            .skip(num_args)
+            .zip_eq(tcx.closure_captures(parent_def_id))
+            .enumerate()
+        {
+            // This upvar is captured by-move from the parent closure, but by-ref
+            // from the inner async block. That means that it's being borrowed from
+            // the outer closure body -- we need to change the coroutine to take the
+            // upvar by value.
+            if coroutine_capture.is_by_ref() && !parent_capture.is_by_ref() {
+                by_ref_fields.insert(FieldIdx::from_usize(num_args + idx));
+            }
+
+            // Make sure we're actually talking about the same capture.
+            // FIXME(async_closures): We could look at the `hir::Upvar` instead?
+            assert_eq!(coroutine_capture.place.ty(), parent_capture.place.ty());
+        }
+
+        let by_move_coroutine_ty = tcx
+            .instantiate_bound_regions_with_erased(parent_closure_args.coroutine_closure_sig())
+            .to_coroutine_given_kind_and_upvars(
                 tcx,
-                ty::CoroutineArgsParts {
-                    parent_args: args.as_coroutine().parent_args(),
-                    kind_ty: Ty::from_closure_kind(tcx, ty::ClosureKind::FnOnce),
-                    resume_ty: args.as_coroutine().resume_ty(),
-                    yield_ty: args.as_coroutine().yield_ty(),
-                    return_ty: args.as_coroutine().return_ty(),
-                    witness: args.as_coroutine().witness(),
-                    tupled_upvars_ty: by_move_upvars,
-                },
-            )
-            .args,
-        );
+                parent_closure_args.parent_args(),
+                coroutine_def_id.to_def_id(),
+                ty::ClosureKind::FnOnce,
+                tcx.lifetimes.re_erased,
+                parent_closure_args.tupled_upvars_ty(),
+                parent_closure_args.coroutine_captures_by_ref_ty(),
+            );
 
         let mut by_move_body = body.clone();
         MakeByMoveBody { tcx, by_ref_fields, by_move_coroutine_ty }.visit_body(&mut by_move_body);

src/tools/miri/tests/pass/async-closure-captures.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+// Same as rustc's `tests/ui/async-await/async-closures/captures.rs`, keep in sync
+
+#![feature(async_closure, noop_waker)]
+
+use std::future::Future;
+use std::pin::pin;
+use std::task::*;
+
+pub fn block_on<T>(fut: impl Future<Output = T>) -> T {
+    let mut fut = pin!(fut);
+    let ctx = &mut Context::from_waker(Waker::noop());
+
+    loop {
+        match fut.as_mut().poll(ctx) {
+            Poll::Pending => {}
+            Poll::Ready(t) => break t,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    block_on(async_main());
+}
+
+async fn call<T>(f: &impl async Fn() -> T) -> T {
+    f().await
+}
+
+async fn call_once<T>(f: impl async FnOnce() -> T) -> T {
+    f().await
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+#[allow(unused)]
+struct Hello(i32);
+
+async fn async_main() {
+    // Capture something by-ref
+    {
+        let x = Hello(0);
+        let c = async || {
+            println!("{x:?}");
+        };
+        call(&c).await;
+        call_once(c).await;
+
+        let x = &Hello(1);
+        let c = async || {
+            println!("{x:?}");
+        };
+        call(&c).await;
+        call_once(c).await;
+    }
+
+    // Capture something and consume it (force to `AsyncFnOnce`)
+    {
+        let x = Hello(2);
+        let c = async || {
+            println!("{x:?}");
+            drop(x);
+        };
+        call_once(c).await;
+    }
+
+    // Capture something with `move`, don't consume it
+    {
+        let x = Hello(3);
+        let c = async move || {
+            println!("{x:?}");
+        };
+        call(&c).await;
+        call_once(c).await;
+
+        let x = &Hello(4);
+        let c = async move || {
+            println!("{x:?}");
+        };
+        call(&c).await;
+        call_once(c).await;
+    }
+
+    // Capture something with `move`, also consume it (so `AsyncFnOnce`)
+    {
+        let x = Hello(5);
+        let c = async move || {
+            println!("{x:?}");
+            drop(x);
+        };
+        call_once(c).await;
+    }
+}

src/tools/miri/tests/pass/async-closure-captures.stdout

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+Hello(0)
+Hello(0)
+Hello(1)
+Hello(1)
+Hello(2)
+Hello(3)
+Hello(3)
+Hello(4)
+Hello(4)
+Hello(5)

tests/ui/async-await/async-closures/captures.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+//@ aux-build:block-on.rs
+//@ edition:2021
+//@ run-pass
+//@ check-run-results
+
+// Same as miri's `tests/pass/async-closure-captures.rs`, keep in sync
+
+#![feature(async_closure)]
+
+extern crate block_on;
+
+fn main() {
+    block_on::block_on(async_main());
+}
+
+async fn call<T>(f: &impl async Fn() -> T) -> T {
+    f().await
+}
+
+async fn call_once<T>(f: impl async FnOnce() -> T) -> T {
+    f().await
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+#[allow(unused)]
+struct Hello(i32);
+
+async fn async_main() {
+    // Capture something by-ref
+    {
+        let x = Hello(0);
+        let c = async || {
+            println!("{x:?}");
+        };
+        call(&c).await;
+        call_once(c).await;
+
+        let x = &Hello(1);
+        let c = async || {
+            println!("{x:?}");
+        };
+        call(&c).await;
+        call_once(c).await;
+    }
+
+    // Capture something and consume it (force to `AsyncFnOnce`)
+    {
+        let x = Hello(2);
+        let c = async || {
+            println!("{x:?}");
+            drop(x);
+        };
+        call_once(c).await;
+    }
+
+    // Capture something with `move`, don't consume it
+    {
+        let x = Hello(3);
+        let c = async move || {
+            println!("{x:?}");
+        };
+        call(&c).await;
+        call_once(c).await;
+
+        let x = &Hello(4);
+        let c = async move || {
+            println!("{x:?}");
+        };
+        call(&c).await;
+        call_once(c).await;
+    }
+
+    // Capture something with `move`, also consume it (so `AsyncFnOnce`)
+    {
+        let x = Hello(5);
+        let c = async move || {
+            println!("{x:?}");
+            drop(x);
+        };
+        call_once(c).await;
+    }
+}

tests/ui/async-await/async-closures/captures.run.stdout

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+Hello(0)
+Hello(0)
+Hello(1)
+Hello(1)
+Hello(2)
+Hello(3)
+Hello(3)
+Hello(4)
+Hello(4)
+Hello(5)