Rollup merge of #108033 - lcnr:coinductive-attr, r=compiler-errors

add an unstable `#[rustc_coinductive]` attribute

useful to test coinduction, especially in the new solver.

as this attribute should remain permanently unstable I don't think this needs any official approval. cc ``@rust-lang/types``

had to weaken the check for stable query results in the solver to prevent an ICE if there's a coinductive cycle with constraints.

r? ``@compiler-errors``

compiler/rustc_feature/src/builtin_attrs.rs

@@ -414,7 +414,10 @@ pub const BUILTIN_ATTRIBUTES: &[BuiltinAttribute] = &[
     ),
 
     // Linking:
-    gated!(naked, Normal, template!(Word), WarnFollowing, @only_local: true, naked_functions, experimental!(naked)),
+    gated!(
+        naked, Normal, template!(Word), WarnFollowing, @only_local: true,
+        naked_functions, experimental!(naked)
+    ),
 
     // Plugins:
     BuiltinAttribute {
@@ -441,7 +444,8 @@ pub const BUILTIN_ATTRIBUTES: &[BuiltinAttribute] = &[
     ),
     // RFC #1268
     gated!(
-        marker, Normal, template!(Word), WarnFollowing, marker_trait_attr, experimental!(marker)
+        marker, Normal, template!(Word), WarnFollowing, @only_local: true,
+        marker_trait_attr, experimental!(marker)
     ),
     gated!(
         thread_local, Normal, template!(Word), WarnFollowing,
@@ -682,14 +686,17 @@ pub const BUILTIN_ATTRIBUTES: &[BuiltinAttribute] = &[
         "language items are subject to change",
     ),
     rustc_attr!(
-        rustc_pass_by_value, Normal,
-        template!(Word), ErrorFollowing,
+        rustc_pass_by_value, Normal, template!(Word), ErrorFollowing,
         "#[rustc_pass_by_value] is used to mark types that must be passed by value instead of reference."
     ),
     rustc_attr!(
         rustc_coherence_is_core, AttributeType::CrateLevel, template!(Word), ErrorFollowing, @only_local: true,
         "#![rustc_coherence_is_core] allows inherent methods on builtin types, only intended to be used in `core`."
     ),
+    rustc_attr!(
+        rustc_coinductive, AttributeType::Normal, template!(Word), WarnFollowing, @only_local: true,
+        "#![rustc_coinductive] changes a trait to be coinductive, allowing cycles in the trait solver."
+    ),
     rustc_attr!(
         rustc_allow_incoherent_impl, AttributeType::Normal, template!(Word), ErrorFollowing, @only_local: true,
         "#[rustc_allow_incoherent_impl] has to be added to all impl items of an incoherent inherent impl."

compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect.rs

@@ -934,9 +934,10 @@ fn trait_def(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: DefId) -> ty::TraitDef {
     }
 
     let is_marker = tcx.has_attr(def_id, sym::marker);
+    let rustc_coinductive = tcx.has_attr(def_id, sym::rustc_coinductive);
     let skip_array_during_method_dispatch =
         tcx.has_attr(def_id, sym::rustc_skip_array_during_method_dispatch);
-    let spec_kind = if tcx.has_attr(def_id, sym::rustc_unsafe_specialization_marker) {
+    let specialization_kind = if tcx.has_attr(def_id, sym::rustc_unsafe_specialization_marker) {
         ty::trait_def::TraitSpecializationKind::Marker
     } else if tcx.has_attr(def_id, sym::rustc_specialization_trait) {
         ty::trait_def::TraitSpecializationKind::AlwaysApplicable
@@ -1036,16 +1037,17 @@ fn trait_def(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: DefId) -> ty::TraitDef {
             no_dups.then_some(list)
         });
 
-    ty::TraitDef::new(
+    ty::TraitDef {
         def_id,
         unsafety,
         paren_sugar,
-        is_auto,
+        has_auto_impl: is_auto,
         is_marker,
+        is_coinductive: rustc_coinductive || is_auto,
         skip_array_during_method_dispatch,
-        spec_kind,
+        specialization_kind,
         must_implement_one_of,
-    )
+    }
 }
 
 fn are_suggestable_generic_args(generic_args: &[hir::GenericArg<'_>]) -> bool {

compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/mod.rs

@@ -2388,15 +2388,17 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
         self.trait_def(trait_def_id).has_auto_impl
     }
 
+    /// Returns `true` if this is coinductive, either because it is
+    /// an auto trait or because it has the `#[rustc_coinductive]` attribute.
+    pub fn trait_is_coinductive(self, trait_def_id: DefId) -> bool {
+        self.trait_def(trait_def_id).is_coinductive
+    }
+
     /// Returns `true` if this is a trait alias.
     pub fn trait_is_alias(self, trait_def_id: DefId) -> bool {
         self.def_kind(trait_def_id) == DefKind::TraitAlias
     }
 
-    pub fn trait_is_coinductive(self, trait_def_id: DefId) -> bool {
-        self.trait_is_auto(trait_def_id) || self.lang_items().sized_trait() == Some(trait_def_id)
-    }
-
     /// Returns layout of a generator. Layout might be unavailable if the
     /// generator is tainted by errors.
     pub fn generator_layout(self, def_id: DefId) -> Option<&'tcx GeneratorLayout<'tcx>> {

compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/trait_def.rs

@@ -31,6 +31,15 @@ pub struct TraitDef {
     /// and thus `impl`s of it are allowed to overlap.
     pub is_marker: bool,
 
+    /// If `true`, then this trait has to `#[rustc_coinductive]` attribute or
+    /// is an auto trait. This indicates that trait solver cycles involving an
+    /// `X: ThisTrait` goal are accepted.
+    ///
+    /// In the future all traits should be coinductive, but we need a better
+    /// formal understanding of what exactly that means and should probably
+    /// also have already switched to the new trait solver.
+    pub is_coinductive: bool,
+
     /// If `true`, then this trait has the `#[rustc_skip_array_during_method_dispatch]`
     /// attribute, indicating that editions before 2021 should not consider this trait
     /// during method dispatch if the receiver is an array.
@@ -81,28 +90,6 @@ impl TraitImpls {
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> TraitDef {
-    pub fn new(
-        def_id: DefId,
-        unsafety: hir::Unsafety,
-        paren_sugar: bool,
-        has_auto_impl: bool,
-        is_marker: bool,
-        skip_array_during_method_dispatch: bool,
-        specialization_kind: TraitSpecializationKind,
-        must_implement_one_of: Option<Box<[Ident]>>,
-    ) -> TraitDef {
-        TraitDef {
-            def_id,
-            unsafety,
-            paren_sugar,
-            has_auto_impl,
-            is_marker,
-            skip_array_during_method_dispatch,
-            specialization_kind,
-            must_implement_one_of,
-        }
-    }
-
     pub fn ancestors(
         &self,
         tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,

compiler/rustc_passes/src/check_attr.rs

@@ -156,6 +156,7 @@ impl CheckAttrVisitor<'_> {
                 | sym::rustc_dirty
                 | sym::rustc_if_this_changed
                 | sym::rustc_then_this_would_need => self.check_rustc_dirty_clean(&attr),
+                sym::rustc_coinductive => self.check_rustc_coinductive(&attr, span, target),
                 sym::cmse_nonsecure_entry => {
                     self.check_cmse_nonsecure_entry(hir_id, attr, span, target)
                 }
@@ -1608,6 +1609,20 @@ impl CheckAttrVisitor<'_> {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Checks if the `#[rustc_coinductive]` attribute is applied to a trait.
+    fn check_rustc_coinductive(&self, attr: &Attribute, span: Span, target: Target) -> bool {
+        match target {
+            Target::Trait => true,
+            _ => {
+                self.tcx.sess.emit_err(errors::AttrShouldBeAppliedToTrait {
+                    attr_span: attr.span,
+                    defn_span: span,
+                });
+                false
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Checks if `#[link_section]` is applied to a function or static.
     fn check_link_section(&self, hir_id: HirId, attr: &Attribute, span: Span, target: Target) {
         match target {

compiler/rustc_span/src/symbol.rs

@@ -1224,6 +1224,7 @@ symbols! {
         rustc_capture_analysis,
         rustc_clean,
         rustc_coherence_is_core,
+        rustc_coinductive,
         rustc_const_stable,
         rustc_const_unstable,
         rustc_conversion_suggestion,

compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/mod.rs

@@ -265,12 +265,18 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> EvalCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         // call `exists<U> <T as Trait>::Assoc == U` to enable better caching. This goal
         // could constrain `U` to `u32` which would cause this check to result in a
         // solver cycle.
-        if cfg!(debug_assertions) && has_changed && !self.in_projection_eq_hack {
+        if cfg!(debug_assertions)
+            && has_changed
+            && !self.in_projection_eq_hack
+            && !self.search_graph.in_cycle()
+        {
             let mut orig_values = OriginalQueryValues::default();
             let canonical_goal = self.infcx.canonicalize_query(goal, &mut orig_values);
             let canonical_response =
                 EvalCtxt::evaluate_canonical_goal(self.tcx(), self.search_graph, canonical_goal)?;
-            assert!(canonical_response.value.var_values.is_identity());
+            if !canonical_response.value.var_values.is_identity() {
+                bug!("unstable result: {goal:?} {canonical_goal:?} {canonical_response:?}");
+            }
             assert_eq!(certainty, canonical_response.value.certainty);
         }
 

compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/search_graph/mod.rs

@@ -42,6 +42,24 @@ impl<'tcx> SearchGraph<'tcx> {
             && !self.overflow_data.did_overflow()
     }
 
+    /// Whether we're currently in a cycle. This should only be used
+    /// for debug assertions.
+    pub(super) fn in_cycle(&self) -> bool {
+        if let Some(stack_depth) = self.stack.last() {
+            // Either the current goal on the stack is the root of a cycle...
+            if self.stack[stack_depth].has_been_used {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            // ...or it depends on a goal with a lower depth.
+            let current_goal = self.stack[stack_depth].goal;
+            let entry_index = self.provisional_cache.lookup_table[&current_goal];
+            self.provisional_cache.entries[entry_index].depth != stack_depth
+        } else {
+            false
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Tries putting the new goal on the stack, returning an error if it is already cached.
     ///
     /// This correctly updates the provisional cache if there is a cycle.

library/core/src/marker.rs

@@ -97,6 +97,7 @@ unsafe impl<T: Sync + ?Sized> Send for &T {}
 #[fundamental] // for Default, for example, which requires that `[T]: !Default` be evaluatable
 #[rustc_specialization_trait]
 #[rustc_deny_explicit_impl]
+#[cfg_attr(not(bootstrap), rustc_coinductive)]
 pub trait Sized {
     // Empty.
 }

tests/ui/coinduction/canonicalization-rerun.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+// check-pass
+// revisions: old new
+//[new] compile-flags: -Ztrait-solver=next
+
+// If we use canonical goals during trait solving we have to reevaluate
+// the root goal of a cycle until we hit a fixpoint.
+//
+// Here `main` has a goal `(?0, ?1): Trait` which is canonicalized to
+// `exists<^0, ^1> (^0, ^1): Trait`.
+//
+// - `exists<^0, ^1> (^0, ^1): Trait` -instantiate-> `(?0, ?1): Trait`
+//   -`(?1, ?0): Trait` -canonicalize-> `exists<^0, ^1> (^0, ^1): Trait`
+//     - COINDUCTIVE CYCLE OK (no constraints)
+//   - `(): ConstrainToU32<?0>` -canonicalize-> `exists<^0> (): ConstrainToU32<^0>`
+//     - OK (^0 = u32 -apply-> ?0 = u32)
+//   - OK (?0 = u32 -canonicalize-> ^0 = u32)
+//   - coinductive cycle with provisional result != final result, rerun
+//
+// - `exists<^0, ^1> (^0, ^1): Trait` -instantiate-> `(?0, ?1): Trait`
+//   -`(?1, ?0): Trait` -canonicalize-> `exists<^0, ^1> (^0, ^1): Trait`
+//     - COINDUCTIVE CYCLE OK (^0 = u32 -apply-> ?1 = u32)
+//   - `(): ConstrainToU32<?0>` -canonicalize-> `exists<^0> (): ConstrainToU32<^0>`
+//     - OK (^0 = u32 -apply-> ?1 = u32)
+//   - OK (?0 = u32, ?1 = u32 -canonicalize-> ^0 = u32, ^1 = u32)
+//   - coinductive cycle with provisional result != final result, rerun
+//
+// - `exists<^0, ^1> (^0, ^1): Trait` -instantiate-> `(?0, ?1): Trait`
+//   -`(?1, ?0): Trait` -canonicalize-> `exists<^0, ^1> (^0, ^1): Trait`
+//     - COINDUCTIVE CYCLE OK (^0 = u32, ^1 = u32 -apply-> ?1 = u32, ?0 = u32)
+//   - `(): ConstrainToU32<?0>` -canonicalize-> `exists<^0> (): ConstrainToU32<^0>`
+//     - OK (^0 = u32 -apply-> ?1 = u32)
+//   - OK (?0 = u32, ?1 = u32 -canonicalize-> ^0 = u32, ^1 = u32)
+//   - coinductive cycle with provisional result == final result, DONE
+#![feature(rustc_attrs)]
+#[rustc_coinductive]
+trait Trait {}
+
+impl<T, U> Trait for (T, U)
+where
+    (U, T): Trait,
+    (): ConstrainToU32<T>,
+{}
+
+trait ConstrainToU32<T> {}
+impl ConstrainToU32<u32> for () {}
+
+fn impls_trait<T, U>()
+where
+    (T, U): Trait,
+{}
+
+fn main() {
+    impls_trait::<_, _>();
+}