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auto merge of #11248 : brson/rust/0.9relnotes, r=alexcrichton

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RELEASES.txt
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Version 0.9 (XXX 2013)
Version 0.9 (January 2014)
--------------------------
* ~XXX changes, numerous bugfixes
* ~1600 changes, numerous bugfixes
* Language
* The `float` type has been removed. Use `f32` or `f64` instead.
* A new facility for enabling experimental features (feature gating) has
been added, using the crate-level `#[feature(foo)]` attribute.
* Managed boxes (@) are now behind a feature gate
(`#[feature(managed_boxes)]`) in preperation for future removal. Use the
standard library's `Gc` or `Rc` types instead.
* `@mut` has been removed. Use `std::cell::{Cell, RefCell}` instead.
* Jumping back to the top of a loop is now done with `continue` instead of
`loop`.
* Strings can no longer be mutated through index assignment.
* Raw strings can be created via the basic `r"foo"` syntax or with matched
hash delimiters, as in `r###"foo"###`.
* `~fn` is now written `proc (args) -> retval { ... }` and may only be
called once.
* The `&fn` type is now written `|args| -> ret` to match the literal form.
* `@fn`s have been removed.
* `do` only works with procs in order to make it obvious what the cost
of `do` is.
* The `#[link(...)]` attribute has been replaced with
`#[crate_id = "name#vers"]`.
* Empty `impl`s must be terminated with empty braces and may not be
terminated with a semicolon.
* Keywords are no longer allowed as lifetime names; the `self` lifetime
no longer has any special meaning.
* The old `fmt!` string formatting macro has been removed.
* `printf!` and `printfln!` (old-style formatting) removed in favor of
`print!` and `println!`.
* `mut` works in patterns now, as in `let (mut x, y) = (1, 2);`.
* New reserved keywords: `alignof`, `offsetof`, `sizeof`.
* Macros can have attributes.
* Macros can expand to items with attributes.
* Macros can expand to multiple items.
* The `asm!` macro is feature-gated (`#[feature(asm)]`).
* Comments may be nested.
* Values automatically coerce to trait objects they implement, without
an explicit `as`.
* Enum discriminants are no longer an entire word but as small as needed to
contain all the variants. The `repr` attribute can be used to override
the discriminant size, as in `#[repr(int)]` for integer-sized, and
`#[repr(C)]` to match C enums.
* Non-string literals are not allowed in attributes (they never worked).
* The FFI now supports variadic functions.
* Octal numeric literals, as in `0o7777`.
* The `concat!` syntax extension performs compile-time string concatenation.
* The `#[fixed_stack_segment]` and `#[rust_stack]` attributes have been
removed as Rust no longer uses segmented stacks.
* Non-ascii identifiers are feature-gated (`#[feature(non_ascii_idents)]`).
* Ignoring all fields of an enum variant or tuple-struct is done with `..`,
not `*`; ignoring remaining fields of a struct is also done with `..`,
not `_`; ignoring a slice of a vector is done with `..`, not `.._`.
* `rustc` supports the "win64" calling convention via `extern "win64"`.
* `rustc` supports the "system" calling convention, which defaults to the
preferred convention for the target platform, "stdcall" on 32-bit Windows,
"C" elsewhere.
* The `type_overflow` lint (default: warn) checks literals for overflow.
* The `unsafe_block` lint (default: allow) checks for usage of `unsafe`.
* The `attribute_usage` lint (default: warn) warns about unknown
attributes.
* The `unknown_features` lint (default: warn) warns about unknown
feature gates.
* The `dead_code` lint (default: warn) checks for dead code.
* Rust libraries can be linked statically to one another
* `#[link_args]` is behind the `link_args` feature gate.
* Native libraries are now linked with `#[link(name = "foo")]`
* Native libraries can be statically linked to a rust crate
(`#[link(name = "foo", kind = "static")]`).
* Native OS X frameworks are now officially supported
(`#[link(name = "foo", kind = "framework")]`).
* The `#[thread_local]` attribute creates thread-local (not task-local)
variables. Currently behind the `thread_local` feature gate.
* The `return` keyword may be used in closures.
* Types that can be copied via a memcpy implement the `Pod` kind.
* Libraries
* std: The `option` and `result` API's have been overhauled to make them
simpler, more consistent, and more composable.
* std: The entire `std::io` module has been replaced with one that is
more comprehensive and that properly interfaces with the underlying
scheduler. File, TCP, UDP, Unix sockets, pipes, and timers are all
implemented.
* std: `io::util` contains a number of useful implementations of
`Reader` and `Writer`, including `NullReader`, `NullWriter`,
`ZeroReader`, `TeeReader`.
* std: The reference counted pointer type `extra::rc` moved into std.
* std: The `Gc` type in the `gc` module will replace `@` (it is currently
just a wrapper around it).
* std: `fmt::Default` can be implemented for any type to provide default
formatting to the `format!` macro, as in `format!("{}", myfoo)`.
* std: The `rand` API continues to be tweaked.
* std: Functions dealing with type size and alignment have moved from the
`sys` module to the `mem` module.
* std: The `path` module was written and API changed.
* std: `str::from_utf8` has been changed to cast instead of allocate.
* std: `starts_with` and `ends_with` methods added to vectors via the
`ImmutableEqVector` trait, which is in the prelude.
* std: Vectors can be indexed with the `get_opt` method, which returns `None`
if the index is out of bounds.
* std: Task failure no longer propagates between tasks, as the model was
complex, expensive, and incompatible with thread-based tasks.
* std: The `Any` type can be used for dynamic typing.
* std: `~Any` can be passed to the `fail!` macro and retrieved via
`task::try`.
* std: Methods that produce iterators generally do not have an `_iter`
suffix now.
* std: `cell::Cell` and `cell::RefCell` can be used to introduce mutability
roots (mutable fields, etc.). Use instead of e.g. `@mut`.
* std: `util::ignore` renamed to `prelude::drop`.
* std: Slices have `sort` and `sort_by` methods via the `MutableVector`
trait.
* std: `vec::raw` has seen a lot of cleanup and API changes.
* std: The standard library no longer includes any C++ code, and very
minimal C, eliminating the dependency on libstdc++.
* std: Runtime scheduling and I/O functionality has been factored out into
extensible interfaces and is now implemented by two different crates:
libnative, for native threading and I/O; and libgreen, for green threading
and I/O. This paves the way for using the standard library in more limited
embeded environments.
* std: The `comm` module has been rewritten to be much faster, have a
simpler, more consistent API, and to work for both native and green
threading.
* std: All libuv dependencies have been moved into the rustuv crate.
* native: New implementations of runtime scheduling on top of OS threads.
* native: New native implementations of TCP, UDP, file I/O, process spawning,
and other I/O.
* green: The green thread scheduler and message passing types are almost
entirely lock-free.
* extra: The `flatpipes` module had bitrotted and was removed.
* extra: All crypto functions have been removed and Rust now has a policy of
not reimplementing crypto in the standard library. In the future crypto
will be provided by external crates with bindings to established libraries.
* extra: `c_vec` has been modernized.
* extra: The `sort` module has been removed. Use the `sort` method on
mutable slices.
* Tooling
* The `rust` and `rusti` commands have been removed, due to lack of maintenance.
* The `rust` and `rusti` commands have been removed, due to lack of
maintenance.
* `rustdoc` was completely rewritten.
* `rustdoc` can test code examples in documentation.
* `rustpkg` can test packages with the argument, 'test'.
* `rustpkg` supports arbitrary dependencies, including C libraries.
* `rustc`'s support for generating debug info is improved again.
* `rustc` has better error reporting for unbalanced delimiters.
* `rustc`'s JIT support was removed due to bitrot.
* Executables and static libraries can be built with LTO (-Z lto)
* `rustc` adds a `--dep-info` flag for communicating dependencies to
build tools.
Version 0.8 (September 2013)
--------------------------