diff --git a/src/librustc/front/config.rs b/src/librustc/front/config.rs
index 7d478afee41..12c7a0843ce 100644
--- a/src/librustc/front/config.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/front/config.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 use std::option;
 use syntax::{ast, fold, attr};
 
-type in_cfg_pred = @fn(attrs: ~[ast::attribute]) -> bool;
+type in_cfg_pred = @fn(attrs: &[ast::attribute]) -> bool;
 
 struct Context {
     in_cfg: in_cfg_pred
@@ -50,8 +50,7 @@ fn filter_item(cx: @Context, item: @ast::item) ->
     if item_in_cfg(cx, item) { option::Some(item) } else { option::None }
 }
 
-fn filter_view_item(cx: @Context, view_item: @ast::view_item
-                   )-> Option<@ast::view_item> {
+fn filter_view_item<'r>(cx: @Context, view_item: &'r ast::view_item)-> Option<&'r ast::view_item> {
     if view_item_in_cfg(cx, view_item) {
         option::Some(view_item)
     } else {
@@ -64,7 +63,7 @@ fn fold_mod(cx: @Context, m: &ast::_mod, fld: @fold::ast_fold) -> ast::_mod {
         filter_item(cx, *a).chain(|x| fld.fold_item(x))
     }.collect();
     let filtered_view_items = do m.view_items.iter().filter_map |a| {
-        filter_view_item(cx, *a).map(|x| fld.fold_view_item(*x))
+        filter_view_item(cx, a).map(|&x| fld.fold_view_item(x))
     }.collect();
     ast::_mod {
         view_items: filtered_view_items,
@@ -86,7 +85,7 @@ fn fold_foreign_mod(
 ) -> ast::foreign_mod {
     let filtered_items = nm.items.iter().filter_map(|a| filter_foreign_item(cx, *a)).collect();
     let filtered_view_items = do nm.view_items.iter().filter_map |a| {
-        filter_view_item(cx, *a).map(|x| fld.fold_view_item(*x))
+        filter_view_item(cx, a).map(|&x| fld.fold_view_item(x))
     }.collect();
     ast::foreign_mod {
         sort: nm.sort,
@@ -141,7 +140,7 @@ fn fold_block(
         filter_stmt(cx, *a).chain(|stmt| fld.fold_stmt(stmt))
     }.collect();
     let filtered_view_items = do b.view_items.iter().filter_map |a| {
-        filter_view_item(cx, *a).map(|x| fld.fold_view_item(*x))
+        filter_view_item(cx, a).map(|&x| fld.fold_view_item(x))
     }.collect();
     ast::blk_ {
         view_items: filtered_view_items,
@@ -160,8 +159,8 @@ fn foreign_item_in_cfg(cx: @Context, item: @ast::foreign_item) -> bool {
     return (cx.in_cfg)(/*bad*/copy item.attrs);
 }
 
-fn view_item_in_cfg(cx: @Context, item: @ast::view_item) -> bool {
-    return (cx.in_cfg)(/*bad*/copy item.attrs);
+fn view_item_in_cfg(cx: @Context, item: &ast::view_item) -> bool {
+    return (cx.in_cfg)(item.attrs);
 }
 
 fn method_in_cfg(cx: @Context, meth: @ast::method) -> bool {
diff --git a/src/librustc/front/std_inject.rs b/src/librustc/front/std_inject.rs
index 735fe54f348..16a5c00b132 100644
--- a/src/librustc/front/std_inject.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/front/std_inject.rs
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ fn inject_libstd_ref(sess: Session, crate: &ast::crate) -> @ast::crate {
     let precursor = @fold::AstFoldFns {
         fold_crate: |crate, span, fld| {
             let n1 = sess.next_node_id();
-            let vi1 = @ast::view_item {
+            let vi1 = ast::view_item {
                 node: ast::view_item_extern_mod(
                         sess.ident_of("std"), ~[], n1),
                 attrs: ~[
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ fn inject_libstd_ref(sess: Session, crate: &ast::crate) -> @ast::crate {
             };
 
             let vp = @spanned(ast::view_path_glob(prelude_path, n2));
-            let vi2 = @ast::view_item { node: ast::view_item_use(~[vp]),
+            let vi2 = ast::view_item { node: ast::view_item_use(~[vp]),
                                         attrs: ~[],
                                         vis: ast::private,
                                         span: dummy_sp() };
diff --git a/src/librustc/front/test.rs b/src/librustc/front/test.rs
index bbac4a2907c..ea48d194993 100644
--- a/src/librustc/front/test.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/front/test.rs
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ mod __test {
 
 */
 
-fn mk_std(cx: &TestCtxt) -> @ast::view_item {
+fn mk_std(cx: &TestCtxt) -> ast::view_item {
     let vers = ast::lit_str(@"0.7");
     let vers = nospan(vers);
     let mi = ast::meta_name_value(@"vers", vers);
@@ -287,13 +287,12 @@ fn mk_std(cx: &TestCtxt) -> @ast::view_item {
         ast::view_item_extern_mod(id_std, ~[@mi],
                            cx.sess.next_node_id())
     };
-    let vi = ast::view_item {
+    ast::view_item {
         node: vi,
         attrs: ~[],
         vis: ast::public,
         span: dummy_sp()
-    };
-    return @vi;
+    }
 }
 
 fn mk_test_module(cx: &TestCtxt) -> @ast::item {
diff --git a/src/librustc/metadata/creader.rs b/src/librustc/metadata/creader.rs
index 2a712b07564..8c62f4dbbe3 100644
--- a/src/librustc/metadata/creader.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/metadata/creader.rs
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ fn visit_crate(e: &Env, c: &ast::crate) {
     }
 }
 
-fn visit_view_item(e: @mut Env, i: @ast::view_item) {
+fn visit_view_item(e: @mut Env, i: &ast::view_item) {
     match i.node {
       ast::view_item_extern_mod(ident, ref meta_items, id) => {
         debug!("resolving extern mod stmt. ident: %?, meta: %?",
diff --git a/src/librustc/middle/resolve.rs b/src/librustc/middle/resolve.rs
index dc55dcad99d..fb9159d26bf 100644
--- a/src/librustc/middle/resolve.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/middle/resolve.rs
@@ -1432,7 +1432,7 @@ impl Resolver {
     /// Constructs the reduced graph for one 'view item'. View items consist
     /// of imports and use directives.
     pub fn build_reduced_graph_for_view_item(@mut self,
-                                             view_item: @view_item,
+                                             view_item: &view_item,
                                              (parent, _):
                                              (ReducedGraphParent,
                                               vt<ReducedGraphParent>)) {
@@ -5295,7 +5295,7 @@ impl Resolver {
         visit_crate(self.crate, ((), vt));
     }
 
-    pub fn check_for_item_unused_imports(&mut self, vi: @view_item) {
+    pub fn check_for_item_unused_imports(&mut self, vi: &view_item) {
         // Ignore public import statements because there's no way to be sure
         // whether they're used or not. Also ignore imports with a dummy span
         // because this means that they were generated in some fashion by the
diff --git a/src/libsyntax/ast.rs b/src/libsyntax/ast.rs
index 2603cbb2dd7..ffbd61b15ed 100644
--- a/src/libsyntax/ast.rs
+++ b/src/libsyntax/ast.rs
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ pub type blk = spanned<blk_>;
 
 #[deriving(Eq, Encodable, Decodable,IterBytes)]
 pub struct blk_ {
-    view_items: ~[@view_item],
+    view_items: ~[view_item],
     stmts: ~[@stmt],
     expr: Option<@expr>,
     id: node_id,
@@ -827,7 +827,7 @@ pub struct method {
 
 #[deriving(Eq, Encodable, Decodable,IterBytes)]
 pub struct _mod {
-    view_items: ~[@view_item],
+    view_items: ~[view_item],
     items: ~[@item],
 }
 
@@ -839,7 +839,7 @@ pub enum foreign_mod_sort { named, anonymous }
 pub struct foreign_mod {
     sort: foreign_mod_sort,
     abis: AbiSet,
-    view_items: ~[@view_item],
+    view_items: ~[view_item],
     items: ~[@foreign_item],
 }
 
diff --git a/src/libsyntax/ext/build.rs b/src/libsyntax/ext/build.rs
index 2c1b4cfc591..e2b8ff3c030 100644
--- a/src/libsyntax/ext/build.rs
+++ b/src/libsyntax/ext/build.rs
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ pub trait AstBuilder {
     fn blk(&self, span: span, stmts: ~[@ast::stmt], expr: Option<@ast::expr>) -> ast::blk;
     fn blk_expr(&self, expr: @ast::expr) -> ast::blk;
     fn blk_all(&self, span: span,
-               view_items: ~[@ast::view_item],
+               view_items: ~[ast::view_item],
                stmts: ~[@ast::stmt],
                expr: Option<@ast::expr>) -> ast::blk;
 
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ pub trait AstBuilder {
 
     fn item_mod(&self, span: span,
                 name: ident, attrs: ~[ast::attribute],
-                vi: ~[@ast::view_item], items: ~[@ast::item]) -> @ast::item;
+                vi: ~[ast::view_item], items: ~[@ast::item]) -> @ast::item;
 
     fn item_ty_poly(&self,
                     span: span,
@@ -218,11 +218,11 @@ pub trait AstBuilder {
     fn meta_name_value(&self, sp: span, name: @str, value: ast::lit_) -> @ast::meta_item;
 
     fn view_use(&self, sp: span,
-                vis: ast::visibility, vp: ~[@ast::view_path]) -> @ast::view_item;
+                vis: ast::visibility, vp: ~[@ast::view_path]) -> ast::view_item;
     fn view_use_list(&self, sp: span, vis: ast::visibility,
-                     path: ~[ast::ident], imports: &[ast::ident]) -> @ast::view_item;
+                     path: ~[ast::ident], imports: &[ast::ident]) -> ast::view_item;
     fn view_use_glob(&self, sp: span,
-                     vis: ast::visibility, path: ~[ast::ident]) -> @ast::view_item;
+                     vis: ast::visibility, path: ~[ast::ident]) -> ast::view_item;
 }
 
 impl AstBuilder for @ExtCtxt {
@@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ impl AstBuilder for @ExtCtxt {
     }
     fn blk_all(&self,
                span: span,
-               view_items: ~[@ast::view_item],
+               view_items: ~[ast::view_item],
                stmts: ~[@ast::stmt],
                expr: Option<@ast::expr>) -> ast::blk {
         respan(span,
@@ -762,7 +762,7 @@ impl AstBuilder for @ExtCtxt {
 
     fn item_mod(&self, span: span, name: ident,
                 attrs: ~[ast::attribute],
-                vi: ~[@ast::view_item],
+                vi: ~[ast::view_item],
                 items: ~[@ast::item]) -> @ast::item {
         self.item(
             span,
@@ -804,8 +804,8 @@ impl AstBuilder for @ExtCtxt {
     }
 
     fn view_use(&self, sp: span,
-                vis: ast::visibility, vp: ~[@ast::view_path]) -> @ast::view_item {
-        @ast::view_item {
+                vis: ast::visibility, vp: ~[@ast::view_path]) -> ast::view_item {
+        ast::view_item {
             node: ast::view_item_use(vp),
             attrs: ~[],
             vis: vis,
@@ -814,7 +814,7 @@ impl AstBuilder for @ExtCtxt {
     }
 
     fn view_use_list(&self, sp: span, vis: ast::visibility,
-                     path: ~[ast::ident], imports: &[ast::ident]) -> @ast::view_item {
+                     path: ~[ast::ident], imports: &[ast::ident]) -> ast::view_item {
         let imports = do imports.map |id| {
             respan(sp, ast::path_list_ident_ { name: *id, id: self.next_id() })
         };
@@ -827,7 +827,7 @@ impl AstBuilder for @ExtCtxt {
     }
 
     fn view_use_glob(&self, sp: span,
-                     vis: ast::visibility, path: ~[ast::ident]) -> @ast::view_item {
+                     vis: ast::visibility, path: ~[ast::ident]) -> ast::view_item {
         self.view_use(sp, vis,
                       ~[@respan(sp,
                                 ast::view_path_glob(self.path(sp, path), self.next_id()))])
diff --git a/src/libsyntax/fold.rs b/src/libsyntax/fold.rs
index 96d7685353b..b4d64ba3e2d 100644
--- a/src/libsyntax/fold.rs
+++ b/src/libsyntax/fold.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ use opt_vec::OptVec;
 
 pub trait ast_fold {
     fn fold_crate(@self, &crate) -> crate;
-    fn fold_view_item(@self, @view_item) -> @view_item;
+    fn fold_view_item(@self, &view_item) -> view_item;
     fn fold_foreign_item(@self, @foreign_item) -> @foreign_item;
     fn fold_item(@self, @item) -> Option<@item>;
     fn fold_struct_field(@self, @struct_field) -> @struct_field;
@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ fn noop_fold_method(m: @method, fld: @ast_fold) -> @method {
 
 
 pub fn noop_fold_block(b: &blk_, fld: @ast_fold) -> blk_ {
-    let view_items = b.view_items.map(|x| fld.fold_view_item(*x));
+    let view_items = b.view_items.map(|x| fld.fold_view_item(x));
     let mut stmts = ~[];
     for b.stmts.iter().advance |stmt| {
         match fld.fold_stmt(*stmt) {
@@ -697,7 +697,7 @@ pub fn noop_fold_ty(t: &ty_, fld: @ast_fold) -> ty_ {
 // ...nor do modules
 pub fn noop_fold_mod(m: &_mod, fld: @ast_fold) -> _mod {
     ast::_mod {
-        view_items: m.view_items.iter().transform(|x| fld.fold_view_item(*x)).collect(),
+        view_items: m.view_items.iter().transform(|x| fld.fold_view_item(x)).collect(),
         items: m.items.iter().filter_map(|x| fld.fold_item(*x)).collect(),
     }
 }
@@ -706,7 +706,7 @@ fn noop_fold_foreign_mod(nm: &foreign_mod, fld: @ast_fold) -> foreign_mod {
     ast::foreign_mod {
         sort: nm.sort,
         abis: nm.abis,
-        view_items: nm.view_items.iter().transform(|x| fld.fold_view_item(*x)).collect(),
+        view_items: nm.view_items.iter().transform(|x| fld.fold_view_item(x)).collect(),
         items: nm.items.iter().transform(|x| fld.fold_foreign_item(*x)).collect(),
     }
 }
@@ -818,9 +818,8 @@ impl ast_fold for AstFoldFns {
         let (n, s) = (self.fold_crate)(&c.node, c.span, self as @ast_fold);
         spanned { node: n, span: (self.new_span)(s) }
     }
-    fn fold_view_item(@self, x: @view_item) ->
-       @view_item {
-        @ast::view_item {
+    fn fold_view_item(@self, x: &view_item) -> view_item {
+        ast::view_item {
             node: (self.fold_view_item)(&x.node, self as @ast_fold),
             attrs: x.attrs.iter().transform(|a| fold_attribute_(*a, self as @ast_fold)).collect(),
             vis: x.vis,
diff --git a/src/libsyntax/parse/parser.rs b/src/libsyntax/parse/parser.rs
index ae87fd8774a..35c558c5296 100644
--- a/src/libsyntax/parse/parser.rs
+++ b/src/libsyntax/parse/parser.rs
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ pub enum item_or_view_item {
     iovi_none,
     iovi_item(@item),
     iovi_foreign_item(@foreign_item),
-    iovi_view_item(@view_item)
+    iovi_view_item(view_item)
 }
 
 #[deriving(Eq)]
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ fn maybe_append(lhs: ~[attribute], rhs: Option<~[attribute]>)
 
 struct ParsedItemsAndViewItems {
     attrs_remaining: ~[attribute],
-    view_items: ~[@view_item],
+    view_items: ~[view_item],
     items: ~[@item],
     foreign_items: ~[@foreign_item]
 }
@@ -4074,7 +4074,7 @@ impl Parser {
         // extern mod foo;
         let metadata = self.parse_optional_meta();
         self.expect(&token::SEMI);
-        iovi_view_item(@ast::view_item {
+        iovi_view_item(ast::view_item {
             node: view_item_extern_mod(ident, metadata, self.get_id()),
             attrs: copy attrs,
             vis: visibility,
@@ -4308,7 +4308,7 @@ impl Parser {
             // USE ITEM (iovi_view_item)
             let view_item = self.parse_use();
             self.expect(&token::SEMI);
-            return iovi_view_item(@ast::view_item {
+            return iovi_view_item(ast::view_item {
                 node: view_item,
                 attrs: attrs,
                 vis: visibility,
@@ -4656,7 +4656,7 @@ impl Parser {
         &self,
         attrs: ~[attribute],
         vis: visibility
-    ) -> @view_item {
+    ) -> view_item {
         let lo = self.span.lo;
         let node = if self.eat_keyword(keywords::Use) {
             self.parse_use()
@@ -4669,7 +4669,7 @@ impl Parser {
             self.bug("expected view item");
         };
         self.expect(&token::SEMI);
-        @ast::view_item { node: node,
+        ast::view_item { node: node,
                           attrs: attrs,
                           vis: vis,
                           span: mk_sp(lo, self.last_span.hi) }
@@ -4687,7 +4687,7 @@ impl Parser {
         let mut attrs = vec::append(first_item_attrs,
                                     self.parse_outer_attributes());
         // First, parse view items.
-        let mut view_items = ~[];
+        let mut view_items : ~[ast::view_item] = ~[];
         let mut items = ~[];
         let mut done = false;
         // I think this code would probably read better as a single
diff --git a/src/libsyntax/print/pprust.rs b/src/libsyntax/print/pprust.rs
index 5e685d85f95..f6d62e47610 100644
--- a/src/libsyntax/print/pprust.rs
+++ b/src/libsyntax/print/pprust.rs
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ pub fn commasep_exprs(s: @ps, b: breaks, exprs: &[@ast::expr]) {
 pub fn print_mod(s: @ps, _mod: &ast::_mod, attrs: &[ast::attribute]) {
     print_inner_attributes(s, attrs);
     for _mod.view_items.iter().advance |vitem| {
-        print_view_item(s, *vitem);
+        print_view_item(s, vitem);
     }
     for _mod.items.iter().advance |item| { print_item(s, *item); }
 }
@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ pub fn print_foreign_mod(s: @ps, nmod: &ast::foreign_mod,
                          attrs: &[ast::attribute]) {
     print_inner_attributes(s, attrs);
     for nmod.view_items.iter().advance |vitem| {
-        print_view_item(s, *vitem);
+        print_view_item(s, vitem);
     }
     for nmod.items.iter().advance |item| { print_foreign_item(s, *item); }
 }
@@ -947,7 +947,7 @@ pub fn print_possibly_embedded_block_(s: @ps,
 
     print_inner_attributes(s, attrs);
 
-    for blk.node.view_items.iter().advance |vi| { print_view_item(s, *vi); }
+    for blk.node.view_items.iter().advance |vi| { print_view_item(s, vi); }
     for blk.node.stmts.iter().advance |st| {
         print_stmt(s, *st);
     }
@@ -1844,7 +1844,7 @@ pub fn print_view_paths(s: @ps, vps: &[@ast::view_path]) {
     commasep(s, inconsistent, vps, print_view_path);
 }
 
-pub fn print_view_item(s: @ps, item: @ast::view_item) {
+pub fn print_view_item(s: @ps, item: &ast::view_item) {
     hardbreak_if_not_bol(s);
     maybe_print_comment(s, item.span.lo);
     print_outer_attributes(s, item.attrs);
diff --git a/src/libsyntax/visit.rs b/src/libsyntax/visit.rs
index 5bde51ad70f..944e94ddc0a 100644
--- a/src/libsyntax/visit.rs
+++ b/src/libsyntax/visit.rs
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ pub fn generics_of_fn(fk: &fn_kind) -> Generics {
 
 pub struct Visitor<E> {
     visit_mod: @fn(&_mod, span, node_id, (E, vt<E>)),
-    visit_view_item: @fn(@view_item, (E, vt<E>)),
+    visit_view_item: @fn(&view_item, (E, vt<E>)),
     visit_foreign_item: @fn(@foreign_item, (E, vt<E>)),
     visit_item: @fn(@item, (E, vt<E>)),
     visit_local: @fn(@local, (E, vt<E>)),
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ pub fn visit_crate<E: Copy>(c: &crate, (e, v): (E, vt<E>)) {
 }
 
 pub fn visit_mod<E: Copy>(m: &_mod, _sp: span, _id: node_id, (e, v): (E, vt<E>)) {
-    for m.view_items.iter().advance |vi| { (v.visit_view_item)(*vi, (copy e, v)); }
+    for m.view_items.iter().advance |vi| { (v.visit_view_item)(vi, (copy e, v)); }
     for m.items.iter().advance |i| { (v.visit_item)(*i, (copy e, v)); }
 }
 
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ pub fn visit_item<E: Copy>(i: &item, (e, v): (E, vt<E>)) {
         }
         item_mod(ref m) => (v.visit_mod)(m, i.span, i.id, (e, v)),
         item_foreign_mod(ref nm) => {
-            for nm.view_items.iter().advance |vi| { (v.visit_view_item)(*vi, (copy e, v)); }
+            for nm.view_items.iter().advance |vi| { (v.visit_view_item)(vi, (copy e, v)); }
             for nm.items.iter().advance |ni| { (v.visit_foreign_item)(*ni, (copy e, v)); }
         }
         item_ty(t, ref tps) => {
@@ -414,7 +414,7 @@ pub fn visit_struct_field<E: Copy>(sf: &struct_field, (e, v): (E, vt<E>)) {
 
 pub fn visit_block<E: Copy>(b: &blk, (e, v): (E, vt<E>)) {
     for b.node.view_items.iter().advance |vi| {
-        (v.visit_view_item)(*vi, (copy e, v));
+        (v.visit_view_item)(vi, (copy e, v));
     }
     for b.node.stmts.iter().advance |s| {
         (v.visit_stmt)(*s, (copy e, v));
@@ -568,7 +568,7 @@ pub fn visit_arm<E: Copy>(a: &arm, (e, v): (E, vt<E>)) {
 
 pub struct SimpleVisitor {
     visit_mod: @fn(&_mod, span, node_id),
-    visit_view_item: @fn(@view_item),
+    visit_view_item: @fn(&view_item),
     visit_foreign_item: @fn(@foreign_item),
     visit_item: @fn(@item),
     visit_local: @fn(@local),
@@ -629,7 +629,7 @@ pub fn mk_simple_visitor(v: simple_visitor) -> vt<()> {
         f(m, sp, id);
         visit_mod(m, sp, id, (e, v));
     }
-    fn v_view_item(f: @fn(@view_item), vi: @view_item, (e, v): ((), vt<()>)) {
+    fn v_view_item(f: @fn(&view_item), vi: &view_item, (e, v): ((), vt<()>)) {
         f(vi);
         visit_view_item(vi, (e, v));
     }