Auto merge of #46931 - clarcharr:float_bits_core, r=alexcrichton

Expose float from_bits and to_bits in libcore.

These methods have no dependencies on libm and thus should be offered in libcore.

src/libcore/num/dec2flt/rawfp.rs

@@ -27,11 +27,10 @@
 //! Many functions in this module only handle normal numbers. The dec2flt routines conservatively
 //! take the universally-correct slow path (Algorithm M) for very small and very large numbers.
 //! That algorithm needs only next_float() which does handle subnormals and zeros.
-use u32;
 use cmp::Ordering::{Less, Equal, Greater};
-use ops::{Mul, Div, Neg};
+use convert::{TryFrom, TryInto};
+use ops::{Add, Mul, Div, Neg};
 use fmt::{Debug, LowerExp};
-use mem::transmute;
 use num::diy_float::Fp;
 use num::FpCategory::{Infinite, Zero, Subnormal, Normal, Nan};
 use num::Float;
@@ -56,22 +55,27 @@ pub fn new(sig: u64, k: i16) -> Self {
 ///
 /// Should **never ever** be implemented for other types or be used outside the dec2flt module.
 /// Inherits from `Float` because there is some overlap, but all the reused methods are trivial.
-pub trait RawFloat : Float + Copy + Debug + LowerExp
-                    + Mul<Output=Self> + Div<Output=Self> + Neg<Output=Self>
+pub trait RawFloat
+    : Float
+    + Copy
+    + Debug
+    + LowerExp
+    + Mul<Output=Self>
+    + Div<Output=Self>
+    + Neg<Output=Self>
+where
+    Self: Float<Bits = <Self as RawFloat>::RawBits>
 {
     const INFINITY: Self;
     const NAN: Self;
     const ZERO: Self;
 
+    /// Same as `Float::Bits` with extra traits.
+    type RawBits: Add<Output = Self::RawBits> + From<u8> + TryFrom<u64>;
+
     /// Returns the mantissa, exponent and sign as integers.
     fn integer_decode(self) -> (u64, i16, i8);
 
-    /// Get the raw binary representation of the float.
-    fn transmute(self) -> u64;
-
-    /// Transmute the raw binary representation into a float.
-    fn from_bits(bits: u64) -> Self;
-
     /// Decode the float.
     fn unpack(self) -> Unpacked;
 
@@ -149,6 +153,8 @@ macro_rules! other_constants {
 }
 
 impl RawFloat for f32 {
+    type RawBits = u32;
+
     const SIG_BITS: u8 = 24;
     const EXP_BITS: u8 = 8;
     const CEIL_LOG5_OF_MAX_SIG: i16 = 11;
@@ -159,7 +165,7 @@ impl RawFloat for f32 {
 
     /// Returns the mantissa, exponent and sign as integers.
     fn integer_decode(self) -> (u64, i16, i8) {
-        let bits: u32 = unsafe { transmute(self) };
+        let bits = self.to_bits();
         let sign: i8 = if bits >> 31 == 0 { 1 } else { -1 };
         let mut exponent: i16 = ((bits >> 23) & 0xff) as i16;
         let mantissa = if exponent == 0 {
@@ -172,16 +178,6 @@ fn integer_decode(self) -> (u64, i16, i8) {
         (mantissa as u64, exponent, sign)
     }
 
-    fn transmute(self) -> u64 {
-        let bits: u32 = unsafe { transmute(self) };
-        bits as u64
-    }
-
-    fn from_bits(bits: u64) -> f32 {
-        assert!(bits < u32::MAX as u64, "f32::from_bits: too many bits");
-        unsafe { transmute(bits as u32) }
-    }
-
     fn unpack(self) -> Unpacked {
         let (sig, exp, _sig) = self.integer_decode();
         Unpacked::new(sig, exp)
@@ -200,6 +196,8 @@ fn short_fast_pow10(e: usize) -> Self {
 
 
 impl RawFloat for f64 {
+    type RawBits = u64;
+
     const SIG_BITS: u8 = 53;
     const EXP_BITS: u8 = 11;
     const CEIL_LOG5_OF_MAX_SIG: i16 = 23;
@@ -210,7 +208,7 @@ impl RawFloat for f64 {
 
     /// Returns the mantissa, exponent and sign as integers.
     fn integer_decode(self) -> (u64, i16, i8) {
-        let bits: u64 = unsafe { transmute(self) };
+        let bits = self.to_bits();
         let sign: i8 = if bits >> 63 == 0 { 1 } else { -1 };
         let mut exponent: i16 = ((bits >> 52) & 0x7ff) as i16;
         let mantissa = if exponent == 0 {
@@ -223,15 +221,6 @@ fn integer_decode(self) -> (u64, i16, i8) {
         (mantissa, exponent, sign)
     }
 
-    fn transmute(self) -> u64 {
-        let bits: u64 = unsafe { transmute(self) };
-        bits
-    }
-
-    fn from_bits(bits: u64) -> f64 {
-        unsafe { transmute(bits) }
-    }
-
     fn unpack(self) -> Unpacked {
         let (sig, exp, _sig) = self.integer_decode();
         Unpacked::new(sig, exp)
@@ -296,14 +285,14 @@ pub fn encode_normal<T: RawFloat>(x: Unpacked) -> T {
         "encode_normal: exponent out of range");
     // Leave sign bit at 0 ("+"), our numbers are all positive
     let bits = (k_enc as u64) << T::EXPLICIT_SIG_BITS | sig_enc;
-    T::from_bits(bits)
+    T::from_bits(bits.try_into().unwrap_or_else(|_| unreachable!()))
 }
 
 /// Construct a subnormal. A mantissa of 0 is allowed and constructs zero.
 pub fn encode_subnormal<T: RawFloat>(significand: u64) -> T {
     assert!(significand < T::MIN_SIG, "encode_subnormal: not actually subnormal");
     // Encoded exponent is 0, the sign bit is 0, so we just have to reinterpret the bits.
-    T::from_bits(significand)
+    T::from_bits(significand.try_into().unwrap_or_else(|_| unreachable!()))
 }
 
 /// Approximate a bignum with an Fp. Rounds within 0.5 ULP with half-to-even.
@@ -363,8 +352,7 @@ pub fn next_float<T: RawFloat>(x: T) -> T {
         // too is exactly what we want!
         // Finally, f64::MAX + 1 = 7eff...f + 1 = 7ff0...0 = f64::INFINITY.
         Zero | Subnormal | Normal => {
-            let bits: u64 = x.transmute();
-            T::from_bits(bits + 1)
+            T::from_bits(x.to_bits() + T::Bits::from(1u8))
         }
     }
 }

src/libcore/num/f32.rs

@@ -145,6 +145,8 @@ pub mod consts {
            reason = "stable interface is via `impl f{32,64}` in later crates",
            issue = "32110")]
 impl Float for f32 {
+    type Bits = u32;
+
     /// Returns `true` if the number is NaN.
     #[inline]
     fn is_nan(self) -> bool {
@@ -176,7 +178,7 @@ fn classify(self) -> Fp {
         const EXP_MASK: u32 = 0x7f800000;
         const MAN_MASK: u32 = 0x007fffff;
 
-        let bits: u32 = unsafe { mem::transmute(self) };
+        let bits = self.to_bits();
         match (bits & MAN_MASK, bits & EXP_MASK) {
             (0, 0) => Fp::Zero,
             (_, 0) => Fp::Subnormal,
@@ -220,12 +222,7 @@ fn is_sign_positive(self) -> bool {
     fn is_sign_negative(self) -> bool {
         // IEEE754 says: isSignMinus(x) is true if and only if x has negative sign. isSignMinus
         // applies to zeros and NaNs as well.
-        #[repr(C)]
-        union F32Bytes {
-            f: f32,
-            b: u32
-        }
-        unsafe { F32Bytes { f: self }.b & 0x8000_0000 != 0 }
+        self.to_bits() & 0x8000_0000 != 0
     }
 
     /// Returns the reciprocal (multiplicative inverse) of the number.
@@ -279,4 +276,17 @@ fn min(self, other: f32) -> f32 {
         // multiplying by 1.0. Should switch to the `canonicalize` when it works.
         (if other.is_nan() || self < other { self } else { other }) * 1.0
     }
+
+    /// Raw transmutation to `u32`.
+    #[inline]
+    fn to_bits(self) -> u32 {
+        unsafe { mem::transmute(self) }
+    }
+
+    /// Raw transmutation from `u32`.
+    #[inline]
+    fn from_bits(v: u32) -> Self {
+        // It turns out the safety issues with sNaN were overblown! Hooray!
+        unsafe { mem::transmute(v) }
+    }
 }

src/libcore/num/f64.rs

@@ -145,6 +145,8 @@ pub mod consts {
            reason = "stable interface is via `impl f{32,64}` in later crates",
            issue = "32110")]
 impl Float for f64 {
+    type Bits = u64;
+
     /// Returns `true` if the number is NaN.
     #[inline]
     fn is_nan(self) -> bool {
@@ -176,7 +178,7 @@ fn classify(self) -> Fp {
         const EXP_MASK: u64 = 0x7ff0000000000000;
         const MAN_MASK: u64 = 0x000fffffffffffff;
 
-        let bits: u64 = unsafe { mem::transmute(self) };
+        let bits = self.to_bits();
         match (bits & MAN_MASK, bits & EXP_MASK) {
             (0, 0) => Fp::Zero,
             (_, 0) => Fp::Subnormal,
@@ -218,12 +220,7 @@ fn is_sign_positive(self) -> bool {
     /// negative sign bit and negative infinity.
     #[inline]
     fn is_sign_negative(self) -> bool {
-        #[repr(C)]
-        union F64Bytes {
-            f: f64,
-            b: u64
-        }
-        unsafe { F64Bytes { f: self }.b & 0x8000_0000_0000_0000 != 0 }
+        self.to_bits() & 0x8000_0000_0000_0000 != 0
     }
 
     /// Returns the reciprocal (multiplicative inverse) of the number.
@@ -277,4 +274,17 @@ fn min(self, other: f64) -> f64 {
         // multiplying by 1.0. Should switch to the `canonicalize` when it works.
         (if other.is_nan() || self < other { self } else { other }) * 1.0
     }
+
+    /// Raw transmutation to `u64`.
+    #[inline]
+    fn to_bits(self) -> u64 {
+        unsafe { mem::transmute(self) }
+    }
+
+    /// Raw transmutation from `u64`.
+    #[inline]
+    fn from_bits(v: u64) -> Self {
+        // It turns out the safety issues with sNaN were overblown! Hooray!
+        unsafe { mem::transmute(v) }
+    }
 }

src/libcore/num/mod.rs

@@ -2880,6 +2880,10 @@ pub enum FpCategory {
            reason = "stable interface is via `impl f{32,64}` in later crates",
            issue = "32110")]
 pub trait Float: Sized {
+    /// Type used by `to_bits` and `from_bits`.
+    #[stable(feature = "core_float_bits", since = "1.24.0")]
+    type Bits;
+
     /// Returns `true` if this value is NaN and false otherwise.
     #[stable(feature = "core", since = "1.6.0")]
     fn is_nan(self) -> bool;
@@ -2941,6 +2945,13 @@ pub trait Float: Sized {
     /// Returns the minimum of the two numbers.
     #[stable(feature = "core_float_min_max", since="1.20.0")]
     fn min(self, other: Self) -> Self;
+
+    /// Raw transmutation to integer.
+    #[stable(feature = "core_float_bits", since="1.24.0")]
+    fn to_bits(self) -> Self::Bits;
+    /// Raw transmutation from integer.
+    #[stable(feature = "core_float_bits", since="1.24.0")]
+    fn from_bits(v: Self::Bits) -> Self;
 }
 
 macro_rules! from_str_radix_int_impl {

src/libstd/f32.rs

@@ -1015,7 +1015,7 @@ pub fn atanh(self) -> f32 {
     #[stable(feature = "float_bits_conv", since = "1.20.0")]
     #[inline]
     pub fn to_bits(self) -> u32 {
-        unsafe { ::mem::transmute(self) }
+        num::Float::to_bits(self)
     }
 
     /// Raw transmutation from `u32`.
@@ -1059,8 +1059,7 @@ pub fn to_bits(self) -> u32 {
     #[stable(feature = "float_bits_conv", since = "1.20.0")]
     #[inline]
     pub fn from_bits(v: u32) -> Self {
-        // It turns out the safety issues with sNaN were overblown! Hooray!
-        unsafe { ::mem::transmute(v) }
+        num::Float::from_bits(v)
     }
 }
 

src/libstd/f64.rs

@@ -970,7 +970,7 @@ fn log_wrapper<F: Fn(f64) -> f64>(self, log_fn: F) -> f64 {
     #[stable(feature = "float_bits_conv", since = "1.20.0")]
     #[inline]
     pub fn to_bits(self) -> u64 {
-        unsafe { ::mem::transmute(self) }
+        num::Float::to_bits(self)
     }
 
     /// Raw transmutation from `u64`.
@@ -1014,8 +1014,7 @@ pub fn to_bits(self) -> u64 {
     #[stable(feature = "float_bits_conv", since = "1.20.0")]
     #[inline]
     pub fn from_bits(v: u64) -> Self {
-        // It turns out the safety issues with sNaN were overblown! Hooray!
-        unsafe { ::mem::transmute(v) }
+        num::Float::from_bits(v)
     }
 }