Add more links to !
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@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ mod prim_bool { }
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/// so returns `!`.
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///
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/// `break`, `continue` and `return` expressions also have type `!`. For example we are allowed to
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/// write
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/// write:
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///
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/// ```
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/// # #![feature(never_type)]
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@ -104,10 +104,11 @@ mod prim_bool { }
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/// # }
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/// ```
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///
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/// Both match arms must produce values of type `u32`, but since `break` never produces a value at
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/// all we know it can never produce a value which isn't a `u32`. This illustrates another
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/// Both match arms must produce values of type [`u32`], but since `break` never produces a value
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/// at all we know it can never produce a value which isn't a [`u32`]. This illustrates another
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/// behaviour of the `!` type - expressions with type `!` will coerce into any other type.
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///
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/// [`u32`]: primitive.str.html
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/// [`exit`]: process/fn.exit.html
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///
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/// # `!` and generics
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@ -122,21 +123,27 @@ mod prim_bool { }
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/// }
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/// ```
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///
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/// When implementing this trait for `String` we need to pick a type for `Err`. And since
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/// When implementing this trait for [`String`] we need to pick a type for [`Err`]. And since
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/// converting a string into a string will never result in an error, the appropriate type is `!`.
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/// (Currently the type actually used is an enum with no variants, though this is only because `!`
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/// was added to Rust at a later date and it may change in the future). With an `Err` type of `!`,
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/// if we have to call `String::from_str` for some reason the result will be a `Result<String, !>`
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/// which we can unpack like this:
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/// was added to Rust at a later date and it may change in the future). With an [`Err`] type of
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/// `!`, if we have to call [`String::from_str`] for some reason the result will be a
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/// [`Result<String, !>`] which we can unpack like this:
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///
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/// ```ignore (string-from-str-error-type-is-not-never-yet)
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/// let Ok(s) = String::from_str("hello");
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/// ```
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///
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/// Since the `Err` variant contains a `!`, it can never occur. So we can exhaustively match on
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/// `Result<T, !>` by just taking the `Ok` variant. This illustrates another behaviour of `!` - it
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/// can be used to "delete" certain enum variants from generic types like `Result`.
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/// Since the [`Err`] variant contains a `!`, it can never occur. So we can exhaustively match on
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/// [`Result<T, !>`] by just taking the [`Ok`] variant. This illustrates another behaviour of `!` -
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/// it can be used to "delete" certain enum variants from generic types like `Result`.
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///
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/// [`String::from_str`]: str/trait.FromStr.html#tymethod.from_str
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/// [`Result<String, !>`]: result/enum.Result.html
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/// [`Result<T, !>`]: result/enum.Result.html
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/// [`Ok`]: result/enum.Result.html#variant.Ok
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/// [`String`]: string/struct.String.html
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/// [`Err`]: result/enum.Result.html#variant.Err
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/// [`FromStr`]: str/trait.FromStr.html
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///
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/// # `!` and traits
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@ -158,13 +165,13 @@ mod prim_bool { }
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/// }
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/// ```
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///
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/// Once again we're using `!`'s ability to coerce into any other type, in this case `fmt::Result`.
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/// Since this method takes a `&!` as an argument we know that it can never be called (because
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/// there is no value of type `!` for it to be called with). Writing `*self` essentially tells the
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/// compiler "We know that this code can never be run, so just treat the entire function body has
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/// having type `fmt::Result`". This pattern can be used a lot when implementing traits for `!`.
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/// Generally, any trait which only has methods which take a `self` parameter should have such as
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/// impl.
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/// Once again we're using `!`'s ability to coerce into any other type, in this case
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/// [`fmt::Result`]. Since this method takes a `&!` as an argument we know that it can never be
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/// called (because there is no value of type `!` for it to be called with). Writing `*self`
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/// essentially tells the compiler "We know that this code can never be run, so just treat the
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/// entire function body has having type [`fmt::Result`]". This pattern can be used a lot when
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/// implementing traits for `!`. Generally, any trait which only has methods which take a `self`
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/// parameter should have such as impl.
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///
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/// On the other hand, one trait which would not be appropriate to implement is [`Default`]:
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///
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@ -176,10 +183,13 @@ mod prim_bool { }
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///
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/// Since `!` has no values, it has no default value either. It's true that we could write an
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/// `impl` for this which simply panics, but the same is true for any type (we could `impl
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/// Default` for (eg.) `File` by just making `default()` panic.)
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/// Default` for (eg.) [`File`] by just making [`default()`] panic.)
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///
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/// [`fmt::Result`]: fmt/type.Result.html
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/// [`File`]: fs/struct.File.html
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/// [`Debug`]: fmt/trait.Debug.html
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/// [`Default`]: default/trait.Default.html
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/// [`default()`]: default/trait.Default.html#tymethod.default
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///
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#[unstable(feature = "never_type_impls", issue = "35121")]
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mod prim_never { }
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