Add Integer::{log,log2,log10} variants

library/core/src/num/int_macros.rs

@@ -1744,6 +1744,194 @@ pub const fn rem_euclid(self, rhs: Self) -> Self {
             }
         }
 
+        /// Returns the logarithm of the number with respect to an arbitrary base.
+        ///
+        /// This method may not be optimized owing to implementation details;
+        /// `log2` can produce results more efficiently for base 2, and `log10`
+        /// can produce results more efficiently for base 10.
+        ///
+        /// # Panics
+        ///
+        /// When the number is zero, or if the base is not at least 2; it
+        /// panics in debug mode and the return value is wrapped to 0 in release
+        /// mode (the only situation in which the method can return 0).
+        ///
+        /// # Examples
+        ///
+        /// ```
+        /// #![feature(int_log)]
+        #[doc = concat!("assert_eq!(5", stringify!($SelfT), ".log(5), 1);")]
+        /// ```
+        #[unstable(feature = "int_log", issue = "70887")]
+        #[must_use = "this returns the result of the operation, \
+                        without modifying the original"]
+        #[inline]
+        #[track_caller]
+        #[rustc_inherit_overflow_checks]
+        #[allow(arithmetic_overflow)]
+        pub const fn log(self, base: Self) -> Self {
+            match self.checked_log(base) {
+                Some(n) => n,
+                None => {
+                    // In debug builds, trigger a panic on None.
+                    // This should optimize completely out in release builds.
+                    let _ = Self::MAX + 1;
+
+                    0
+                },
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// Returns the base 2 logarithm of the number.
+        ///
+        /// # Panics
+        ///
+        /// When the number is zero it panics in debug mode and the return value
+        /// is wrapped to 0 in release mode (the only situation in which the
+        /// method can return 0).
+        ///
+        /// # Examples
+        ///
+        /// ```
+        /// #![feature(int_log)]
+        #[doc = concat!("assert_eq!(2", stringify!($SelfT), ".log2(), 1);")]
+        /// ```
+        #[unstable(feature = "int_log", issue = "70887")]
+        #[must_use = "this returns the result of the operation, \
+                        without modifying the original"]
+        #[inline]
+        #[track_caller]
+        #[rustc_inherit_overflow_checks]
+        #[allow(arithmetic_overflow)]
+        pub const fn log2(self) -> Self {
+            match self.checked_log2() {
+                Some(n) => n,
+                None => {
+                    // In debug builds, trigger a panic on None.
+                    // This should optimize completely out in release builds.
+                    let _ = Self::MAX + 1;
+
+                    0
+                },
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// Returns the base 10 logarithm of the number.
+        ///
+        /// # Panics
+        ///
+        /// When the number is zero it panics in debug mode and the return value
+        /// is wrapped to 0 in release mode (the only situation in which the
+        /// method can return 0).
+        ///
+        /// # Example
+        ///
+        /// ```
+        /// #![feature(int_log)]
+        #[doc = concat!("assert_eq!(10", stringify!($SelfT), ".log10(), 1);")]
+        /// ```
+        #[unstable(feature = "int_log", issue = "70887")]
+        #[must_use = "this returns the result of the operation, \
+                        without modifying the original"]
+        #[inline]
+        #[track_caller]
+        #[rustc_inherit_overflow_checks]
+        #[allow(arithmetic_overflow)]
+        pub const fn log10(self) -> Self {
+            match self.checked_log10() {
+                Some(n) => n,
+                None => {
+                    // In debug builds, trigger a panic on None.
+                    // This should optimize completely out in release builds.
+                    let _ = Self::MAX + 1;
+
+                    0
+                },
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// Returns the logarithm of the number with respect to an arbitrary base.
+        ///
+        /// Returns `None` if the number is negative or zero, or if the base is not at least 2.
+        ///
+        /// This method may not be optimized owing to implementation details;
+        /// `checked_log2` can produce results more efficiently for base 2, and
+        /// `checked_log10` can produce results more efficiently for base 10.
+        ///
+        /// # Examples
+        ///
+        /// ```
+        /// #![feature(int_log)]
+        #[doc = concat!("assert_eq!(5", stringify!($SelfT), ".checked_log(5), Some(1));")]
+        /// ```
+        #[unstable(feature = "int_log", issue = "70887")]
+        #[must_use = "this returns the result of the operation, \
+                        without modifying the original"]
+        #[inline]
+        pub const fn checked_log(self, base: Self) -> Option<Self> {
+            if self <= 0 || base <= 1 {
+                None
+            } else {
+                let mut n = 0;
+                let mut r = self;
+
+                // Optimization for 128 bit wide integers.
+                if Self::BITS == 128 {
+                    let b = Self::log2(self) / (Self::log2(base) + 1);
+                    n += b;
+                    r /= base.pow(b as u32);
+                }
+
+                while r >= base {
+                    r /= base;
+                    n += 1;
+                }
+                Some(n)
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// Returns the base 2 logarithm of the number.
+        ///
+        /// Returns `None` if the number is negative or zero.
+        ///
+        /// # Examples
+        ///
+        /// ```
+        /// #![feature(int_log)]
+        #[doc = concat!("assert_eq!(2", stringify!($SelfT), ".checked_log2(), Some(1));")]
+        /// ```
+        #[unstable(feature = "int_log", issue = "70887")]
+        #[must_use = "this returns the result of the operation, \
+                        without modifying the original"]
+        #[inline]
+        pub const fn checked_log2(self) -> Option<Self> {
+            if self <= 0 {
+                None
+            } else {
+                // SAFETY: We just checked that this number is positive
+                let log = (Self::BITS - 1) as Self - unsafe { intrinsics::ctlz_nonzero(self) };
+                Some(log)
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// Returns the base 10 logarithm of the number.
+        ///
+        /// Returns `None` if the number is negative or zero.
+        ///
+        /// # Example
+        ///
+        /// ```
+        /// #![feature(int_log)]
+        #[doc = concat!("assert_eq!(10", stringify!($SelfT), ".checked_log10(), Some(1));")]
+        /// ```
+        #[unstable(feature = "int_log", issue = "70887")]
+        #[must_use = "this returns the result of the operation, \
+                        without modifying the original"]
+        #[inline]
+        pub const fn checked_log10(self) -> Option<Self> {
+            self.checked_log(10)
+        }
+
         /// Computes the absolute value of `self`.
         ///
         /// # Overflow behavior

library/core/src/num/uint_macros.rs

@@ -634,6 +634,194 @@ pub const fn checked_rem_euclid(self, rhs: Self) -> Option<Self> {
             }
         }
 
+        /// Returns the logarithm of the number with respect to an arbitrary base.
+        ///
+        /// This method may not be optimized owing to implementation details;
+        /// `log2` can produce results more efficiently for base 2, and `log10`
+        /// can produce results more efficiently for base 10.
+        ///
+        /// # Panics
+        ///
+        /// When the number is negative, zero, or if the base is not at least 2;
+        /// it panics in debug mode and the return value is wrapped to 0 in
+        /// release mode (the only situation in which the method can return 0).
+        ///
+        /// # Examples
+        ///
+        /// ```
+        /// #![feature(int_log)]
+        #[doc = concat!("assert_eq!(5", stringify!($SelfT), ".log(5), 1);")]
+        /// ```
+        #[unstable(feature = "int_log", issue = "70887")]
+        #[must_use = "this returns the result of the operation, \
+                        without modifying the original"]
+        #[inline]
+        #[track_caller]
+        #[rustc_inherit_overflow_checks]
+        #[allow(arithmetic_overflow)]
+        pub const fn log(self, base: Self) -> Self {
+            match self.checked_log(base) {
+                Some(n) => n,
+                None => {
+                    // In debug builds, trigger a panic on None.
+                    // This should optimize completely out in release builds.
+                    let _ = Self::MAX + 1;
+
+                    0
+                },
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// Returns the base 2 logarithm of the number.
+        ///
+        /// # Panics
+        ///
+        /// When the number is negative or zero it panics in debug mode and
+        /// the return value is wrapped to 0 in release mode (the only situation in
+        /// which the method can return 0).
+        ///
+        /// # Examples
+        ///
+        /// ```
+        /// #![feature(int_log)]
+        #[doc = concat!("assert_eq!(2", stringify!($SelfT), ".log2(), 1);")]
+        /// ```
+        #[unstable(feature = "int_log", issue = "70887")]
+        #[must_use = "this returns the result of the operation, \
+                        without modifying the original"]
+        #[inline]
+        #[track_caller]
+        #[rustc_inherit_overflow_checks]
+        #[allow(arithmetic_overflow)]
+        pub const fn log2(self) -> Self {
+            match self.checked_log2() {
+                Some(n) => n,
+                None => {
+                    // In debug builds, trigger a panic on None.
+                    // This should optimize completely out in release builds.
+                    let _ = Self::MAX + 1;
+
+                    0
+                },
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// Returns the base 10 logarithm of the number.
+        ///
+        /// # Panics
+        ///
+        /// When the number is negative or zero it panics in debug mode and the
+        /// return value is wrapped to 0 in release mode (the only situation in
+        /// which the method can return 0).
+        ///
+        /// # Example
+        ///
+        /// ```
+        /// #![feature(int_log)]
+        #[doc = concat!("assert_eq!(10", stringify!($SelfT), ".log10(), 1);")]
+        /// ```
+        #[unstable(feature = "int_log", issue = "70887")]
+        #[must_use = "this returns the result of the operation, \
+                        without modifying the original"]
+        #[inline]
+        #[track_caller]
+        #[rustc_inherit_overflow_checks]
+        #[allow(arithmetic_overflow)]
+        pub const fn log10(self) -> Self {
+            match self.checked_log10() {
+                Some(n) => n,
+                None => {
+                    // In debug builds, trigger a panic on None.
+                    // This should optimize completely out in release builds.
+                    let _ = Self::MAX + 1;
+
+                    0
+                },
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// Returns the logarithm of the number with respect to an arbitrary base.
+        ///
+        /// Returns `None` if the number is zero, or if the base is not at least 2.
+        ///
+        /// This method may not be optimized owing to implementation details;
+        /// `checked_log2` can produce results more efficiently for base 2, and
+        /// `checked_log10` can produce results more efficiently for base 10.
+        ///
+        /// # Examples
+        ///
+        /// ```
+        /// #![feature(int_log)]
+        #[doc = concat!("assert_eq!(5", stringify!($SelfT), ".checked_log(5), Some(1));")]
+        /// ```
+        #[unstable(feature = "int_log", issue = "70887")]
+        #[must_use = "this returns the result of the operation, \
+                        without modifying the original"]
+        #[inline]
+        pub const fn checked_log(self, base: Self) -> Option<Self> {
+            if self <= 0 || base <= 1 {
+                None
+            } else {
+                let mut n = 0;
+                let mut r = self;
+
+                // Optimization for 128 bit wide integers.
+                if Self::BITS == 128 {
+                    let b = Self::log2(self) / (Self::log2(base) + 1);
+                    n += b;
+                    r /= base.pow(b as u32);
+                }
+
+                while r >= base {
+                    r /= base;
+                    n += 1;
+                }
+                Some(n)
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// Returns the base 2 logarithm of the number.
+        ///
+        /// Returns `None` if the number is zero.
+        ///
+        /// # Examples
+        ///
+        /// ```
+        /// #![feature(int_log)]
+        #[doc = concat!("assert_eq!(2", stringify!($SelfT), ".checked_log2(), Some(1));")]
+        /// ```
+        #[unstable(feature = "int_log", issue = "70887")]
+        #[must_use = "this returns the result of the operation, \
+                        without modifying the original"]
+        #[inline]
+        pub const fn checked_log2(self) -> Option<Self> {
+            if self <= 0 {
+                None
+            } else {
+                // SAFETY: We just checked that this number is positive
+                let log = (Self::BITS - 1) as Self - unsafe { intrinsics::ctlz_nonzero(self) };
+                Some(log)
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// Returns the base 10 logarithm of the number.
+        ///
+        /// Returns `None` if the number is zero.
+        ///
+        /// # Examples
+        ///
+        /// ```
+        /// #![feature(int_log)]
+        #[doc = concat!("assert_eq!(10", stringify!($SelfT), ".checked_log10(), Some(1));")]
+        /// ```
+        #[unstable(feature = "int_log", issue = "70887")]
+        #[must_use = "this returns the result of the operation, \
+                        without modifying the original"]
+        #[inline]
+        pub const fn checked_log10(self) -> Option<Self> {
+            self.checked_log(10)
+        }
+
         /// Checked negation. Computes `-self`, returning `None` unless `self ==
         /// 0`.
         ///

library/core/tests/lib.rs

@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@
 #![feature(try_trait_v2)]
 #![feature(slice_internals)]
 #![feature(slice_partition_dedup)]
+#![feature(int_log)]
 #![feature(iter_advance_by)]
 #![feature(iter_partition_in_place)]
 #![feature(iter_intersperse)]

library/core/tests/num/int_log.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+//! This tests the `Integer::{log,log2,log10}` methods. These tests are in a
+//! separate file because there's both a large number of them, and not all tests
+//! can be run on Android. This is because in Android `log2` uses an imprecise
+//! approximation:https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/4825e12fc9c79954aa0fe18f5521efa6c19c7539/src/libstd/sys/unix/android.rs#L27-L53
+
+#[test]
+fn checked_log() {
+    assert_eq!(999u32.checked_log(10), Some(2));
+    assert_eq!(1000u32.checked_log(10), Some(3));
+    assert_eq!(555u32.checked_log(13), Some(2));
+    assert_eq!(63u32.checked_log(4), Some(2));
+    assert_eq!(64u32.checked_log(4), Some(3));
+    assert_eq!(10460353203u64.checked_log(3), Some(21));
+    assert_eq!(10460353202u64.checked_log(3), Some(20));
+    assert_eq!(147808829414345923316083210206383297601u128.checked_log(3), Some(80));
+    assert_eq!(147808829414345923316083210206383297600u128.checked_log(3), Some(79));
+    assert_eq!(22528399544939174411840147874772641u128.checked_log(19683), Some(8));
+    assert_eq!(22528399544939174411840147874772631i128.checked_log(19683), Some(7));
+
+    assert_eq!(0u8.checked_log(4), None);
+    assert_eq!(0u16.checked_log(4), None);
+    assert_eq!(0i8.checked_log(4), None);
+    assert_eq!(0i16.checked_log(4), None);
+
+    for i in i16::MIN..=0 {
+        assert_eq!(i.checked_log(4), None);
+    }
+    for i in 1..=i16::MAX {
+        assert_eq!(i.checked_log(13), Some((i as f32).log(13.0) as i16));
+    }
+    for i in 1..=u16::MAX {
+        assert_eq!(i.checked_log(13), Some((i as f32).log(13.0) as u16));
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn checked_log2() {
+    assert_eq!(5u32.checked_log2(), Some(2));
+    assert_eq!(0u64.checked_log2(), None);
+    assert_eq!(128i32.checked_log2(), Some(7));
+    assert_eq!((-55i16).checked_log2(), None);
+
+    assert_eq!(0u8.checked_log2(), None);
+    assert_eq!(0u16.checked_log2(), None);
+    assert_eq!(0i8.checked_log2(), None);
+    assert_eq!(0i16.checked_log2(), None);
+
+    for i in 1..=u8::MAX {
+        assert_eq!(i.checked_log2(), Some((i as f32).log2() as u8));
+    }
+    for i in 1..=u16::MAX {
+        // Guard against Android's imprecise f32::log2 implementation.
+        if i != 8192 && i != 32768 {
+            assert_eq!(i.checked_log2(), Some((i as f32).log2() as u16));
+        }
+    }
+    for i in i8::MIN..=0 {
+        assert_eq!(i.checked_log2(), None);
+    }
+    for i in 1..=i8::MAX {
+        assert_eq!(i.checked_log2(), Some((i as f32).log2() as i8));
+    }
+    for i in i16::MIN..=0 {
+        assert_eq!(i.checked_log2(), None);
+    }
+    for i in 1..=i16::MAX {
+        // Guard against Android's imprecise f32::log2 implementation.
+        if i != 8192 {
+            assert_eq!(i.checked_log2(), Some((i as f32).log2() as i16));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// Validate cases that fail on Android's imprecise float log2 implementation.
+#[test]
+#[cfg(not(target_os = "android"))]
+fn checked_log2_not_android() {
+    assert_eq!(8192u16.checked_log2(), Some((8192f32).log2() as u16));
+    assert_eq!(32768u16.checked_log2(), Some((32768f32).log2() as u16));
+    assert_eq!(8192i16.checked_log2(), Some((8192f32).log2() as i16));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn checked_log10() {
+    assert_eq!(0u8.checked_log10(), None);
+    assert_eq!(0u16.checked_log10(), None);
+    assert_eq!(0i8.checked_log10(), None);
+    assert_eq!(0i16.checked_log10(), None);
+
+    for i in i16::MIN..=0 {
+        assert_eq!(i.checked_log10(), None);
+    }
+    for i in 1..=i16::MAX {
+        assert_eq!(i.checked_log10(), Some((i as f32).log10() as i16));
+    }
+    for i in 1..=u16::MAX {
+        assert_eq!(i.checked_log10(), Some((i as f32).log10() as u16));
+    }
+}

library/core/tests/num/mod.rs

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 mod bignum;
 mod dec2flt;
 mod flt2dec;
+mod int_log;
 mod ops;
 mod wrapping;
 

library/std/src/lib.rs

@@ -279,6 +279,7 @@
 #![feature(hashmap_internals)]
 #![feature(int_error_internals)]
 #![feature(integer_atomics)]
+#![feature(int_log)]
 #![feature(into_future)]
 #![feature(intra_doc_pointers)]
 #![feature(iter_zip)]