diff --git a/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/test.rs b/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/test.rs
index bcce2748c2e..2c36d8bab82 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/test.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/test.rs
@@ -1938,9 +1938,13 @@ fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
 
         cmd.arg("--json");
 
-        if builder.config.rust_debug_assertions_std {
-            cmd.arg("--with-debug-assertions");
-        };
+        if builder.config.rustc_debug_assertions {
+            cmd.arg("--with-rustc-debug-assertions");
+        }
+
+        if builder.config.std_debug_assertions {
+            cmd.arg("--with-std-debug-assertions");
+        }
 
         let mut llvm_components_passed = false;
         let mut copts_passed = false;
diff --git a/src/bootstrap/src/core/builder/cargo.rs b/src/bootstrap/src/core/builder/cargo.rs
index c3d0994f164..134da5db96d 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/src/core/builder/cargo.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/src/core/builder/cargo.rs
@@ -833,9 +833,9 @@ fn cargo(
         cargo.env(
             profile_var("DEBUG_ASSERTIONS"),
             if mode == Mode::Std {
-                self.config.rust_debug_assertions_std.to_string()
+                self.config.std_debug_assertions.to_string()
             } else {
-                self.config.rust_debug_assertions.to_string()
+                self.config.rustc_debug_assertions.to_string()
             },
         );
         cargo.env(
diff --git a/src/bootstrap/src/core/config/config.rs b/src/bootstrap/src/core/config/config.rs
index 8115aea033d..f977c285a74 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/src/core/config/config.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/src/core/config/config.rs
@@ -263,8 +263,10 @@ pub struct Config {
     pub rust_optimize: RustOptimize,
     pub rust_codegen_units: Option<u32>,
     pub rust_codegen_units_std: Option<u32>,
-    pub rust_debug_assertions: bool,
-    pub rust_debug_assertions_std: bool,
+
+    pub rustc_debug_assertions: bool,
+    pub std_debug_assertions: bool,
+
     pub rust_overflow_checks: bool,
     pub rust_overflow_checks_std: bool,
     pub rust_debug_logging: bool,
@@ -1115,9 +1117,9 @@ struct Rust {
         debug: Option<bool> = "debug",
         codegen_units: Option<u32> = "codegen-units",
         codegen_units_std: Option<u32> = "codegen-units-std",
-        debug_assertions: Option<bool> = "debug-assertions",
+        rustc_debug_assertions: Option<bool> = "debug-assertions",
         randomize_layout: Option<bool> = "randomize-layout",
-        debug_assertions_std: Option<bool> = "debug-assertions-std",
+        std_debug_assertions: Option<bool> = "debug-assertions-std",
         overflow_checks: Option<bool> = "overflow-checks",
         overflow_checks_std: Option<bool> = "overflow-checks-std",
         debug_logging: Option<bool> = "debug-logging",
@@ -1652,8 +1654,8 @@ fn get_table(option: &str) -> Result<TomlConfig, toml::de::Error> {
         let mut llvm_offload = None;
         let mut llvm_plugins = None;
         let mut debug = None;
-        let mut debug_assertions = None;
-        let mut debug_assertions_std = None;
+        let mut rustc_debug_assertions = None;
+        let mut std_debug_assertions = None;
         let mut overflow_checks = None;
         let mut overflow_checks_std = None;
         let mut debug_logging = None;
@@ -1675,8 +1677,8 @@ fn get_table(option: &str) -> Result<TomlConfig, toml::de::Error> {
                 debug: debug_toml,
                 codegen_units,
                 codegen_units_std,
-                debug_assertions: debug_assertions_toml,
-                debug_assertions_std: debug_assertions_std_toml,
+                rustc_debug_assertions: rustc_debug_assertions_toml,
+                std_debug_assertions: std_debug_assertions_toml,
                 overflow_checks: overflow_checks_toml,
                 overflow_checks_std: overflow_checks_std_toml,
                 debug_logging: debug_logging_toml,
@@ -1734,8 +1736,8 @@ fn get_table(option: &str) -> Result<TomlConfig, toml::de::Error> {
                 config.download_ci_rustc_commit(download_rustc, config.llvm_assertions);
 
             debug = debug_toml;
-            debug_assertions = debug_assertions_toml;
-            debug_assertions_std = debug_assertions_std_toml;
+            rustc_debug_assertions = rustc_debug_assertions_toml;
+            std_debug_assertions = std_debug_assertions_toml;
             overflow_checks = overflow_checks_toml;
             overflow_checks_std = overflow_checks_std_toml;
             debug_logging = debug_logging_toml;
@@ -2148,14 +2150,13 @@ fn get_table(option: &str) -> Result<TomlConfig, toml::de::Error> {
         config.rust_std_features = std_features.unwrap_or(default_std_features);
 
         let default = debug == Some(true);
-        config.rust_debug_assertions = debug_assertions.unwrap_or(default);
-        config.rust_debug_assertions_std =
-            debug_assertions_std.unwrap_or(config.rust_debug_assertions);
+        config.rustc_debug_assertions = rustc_debug_assertions.unwrap_or(default);
+        config.std_debug_assertions = std_debug_assertions.unwrap_or(config.rustc_debug_assertions);
         config.rust_overflow_checks = overflow_checks.unwrap_or(default);
         config.rust_overflow_checks_std =
             overflow_checks_std.unwrap_or(config.rust_overflow_checks);
 
-        config.rust_debug_logging = debug_logging.unwrap_or(config.rust_debug_assertions);
+        config.rust_debug_logging = debug_logging.unwrap_or(config.rustc_debug_assertions);
 
         let with_defaults = |debuginfo_level_specific: Option<_>| {
             debuginfo_level_specific.or(debuginfo_level).unwrap_or(if debug == Some(true) {
@@ -3075,8 +3076,8 @@ macro_rules! warn {
         debug: _,
         codegen_units: _,
         codegen_units_std: _,
-        debug_assertions: _,
-        debug_assertions_std: _,
+        rustc_debug_assertions: _,
+        std_debug_assertions: _,
         overflow_checks: _,
         overflow_checks_std: _,
         debuginfo_level: _,
diff --git a/src/tools/compiletest/src/common.rs b/src/tools/compiletest/src/common.rs
index ecb8343fba3..e6fbba943a4 100644
--- a/src/tools/compiletest/src/common.rs
+++ b/src/tools/compiletest/src/common.rs
@@ -236,8 +236,11 @@ pub struct Config {
     /// Run ignored tests
     pub run_ignored: bool,
 
-    /// Whether to run tests with `ignore-debug` header
-    pub with_debug_assertions: bool,
+    /// Whether rustc was built with debug assertions.
+    pub with_rustc_debug_assertions: bool,
+
+    /// Whether std was built with debug assertions.
+    pub with_std_debug_assertions: bool,
 
     /// Only run tests that match these filters
     pub filters: Vec<String>,
diff --git a/src/tools/compiletest/src/directive-list.rs b/src/tools/compiletest/src/directive-list.rs
index 980b3f6829a..8570a8ce115 100644
--- a/src/tools/compiletest/src/directive-list.rs
+++ b/src/tools/compiletest/src/directive-list.rs
@@ -46,7 +46,6 @@
     "ignore-coverage-map",
     "ignore-coverage-run",
     "ignore-cross-compile",
-    "ignore-debug",
     "ignore-eabi",
     "ignore-emscripten",
     "ignore-endian-big",
@@ -82,6 +81,7 @@
     "ignore-powerpc",
     "ignore-remote",
     "ignore-riscv64",
+    "ignore-rustc-debug-assertions",
     "ignore-s390x",
     "ignore-sgx",
     "ignore-sparc64",
@@ -89,6 +89,7 @@
     "ignore-stable",
     "ignore-stage1",
     "ignore-stage2",
+    "ignore-std-debug-assertions",
     "ignore-test",
     "ignore-thumb",
     "ignore-thumbv8m.base-none-eabi",
@@ -135,6 +136,7 @@
     "needs-relocation-model-pic",
     "needs-run-enabled",
     "needs-rust-lld",
+    "needs-rustc-debug-assertions",
     "needs-sanitizer-address",
     "needs-sanitizer-cfi",
     "needs-sanitizer-dataflow",
@@ -147,6 +149,7 @@
     "needs-sanitizer-shadow-call-stack",
     "needs-sanitizer-support",
     "needs-sanitizer-thread",
+    "needs-std-debug-assertions",
     "needs-symlink",
     "needs-threads",
     "needs-unwind",
diff --git a/src/tools/compiletest/src/header/cfg.rs b/src/tools/compiletest/src/header/cfg.rs
index b9314f0abbb..3ab552903dc 100644
--- a/src/tools/compiletest/src/header/cfg.rs
+++ b/src/tools/compiletest/src/header/cfg.rs
@@ -202,9 +202,14 @@ macro_rules! condition {
         message: "when running tests remotely",
     }
     condition! {
-        name: "debug",
-        condition: config.with_debug_assertions,
-        message: "when running tests with `ignore-debug` header",
+        name: "rustc-debug-assertions",
+        condition: config.with_rustc_debug_assertions,
+        message: "when rustc is built with debug assertions",
+    }
+    condition! {
+        name: "std-debug-assertions",
+        condition: config.with_std_debug_assertions,
+        message: "when std is built with debug assertions",
     }
     condition! {
         name: config.debugger.as_ref().map(|d| d.to_str()),
diff --git a/src/tools/compiletest/src/header/needs.rs b/src/tools/compiletest/src/header/needs.rs
index a744fb61b9c..77570c58db5 100644
--- a/src/tools/compiletest/src/header/needs.rs
+++ b/src/tools/compiletest/src/header/needs.rs
@@ -159,6 +159,16 @@ pub(super) fn handle_needs(
             condition: cache.llvm_zstd,
             ignore_reason: "ignored if LLVM wasn't build with zstd for ELF section compression",
         },
+        Need {
+            name: "needs-rustc-debug-assertions",
+            condition: config.with_rustc_debug_assertions,
+            ignore_reason: "ignored if rustc wasn't built with debug assertions",
+        },
+        Need {
+            name: "needs-std-debug-assertions",
+            condition: config.with_std_debug_assertions,
+            ignore_reason: "ignored if std wasn't built with debug assertions",
+        },
     ];
 
     let (name, comment) = match ln.split_once([':', ' ']) {
diff --git a/src/tools/compiletest/src/header/tests.rs b/src/tools/compiletest/src/header/tests.rs
index c79825e9e2a..c3fb8d4ab80 100644
--- a/src/tools/compiletest/src/header/tests.rs
+++ b/src/tools/compiletest/src/header/tests.rs
@@ -74,6 +74,8 @@ struct ConfigBuilder {
     git_hash: bool,
     system_llvm: bool,
     profiler_runtime: bool,
+    rustc_debug_assertions: bool,
+    std_debug_assertions: bool,
 }
 
 impl ConfigBuilder {
@@ -122,6 +124,16 @@ fn profiler_runtime(&mut self, is_available: bool) -> &mut Self {
         self
     }
 
+    fn rustc_debug_assertions(&mut self, is_enabled: bool) -> &mut Self {
+        self.rustc_debug_assertions = is_enabled;
+        self
+    }
+
+    fn std_debug_assertions(&mut self, is_enabled: bool) -> &mut Self {
+        self.std_debug_assertions = is_enabled;
+        self
+    }
+
     fn build(&mut self) -> Config {
         let args = &[
             "compiletest",
@@ -170,6 +182,12 @@ fn build(&mut self) -> Config {
         if self.profiler_runtime {
             args.push("--profiler-runtime".to_owned());
         }
+        if self.rustc_debug_assertions {
+            args.push("--with-rustc-debug-assertions".to_owned());
+        }
+        if self.std_debug_assertions {
+            args.push("--with-std-debug-assertions".to_owned());
+        }
 
         args.push("--rustc-path".to_string());
         // This is a subtle/fragile thing. On rust-lang CI, there is no global
@@ -314,6 +332,32 @@ fn only_target() {
     assert!(!check_ignore(&config, "//@ only-64bit"));
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn rustc_debug_assertions() {
+    let config: Config = cfg().rustc_debug_assertions(false).build();
+
+    assert!(check_ignore(&config, "//@ needs-rustc-debug-assertions"));
+    assert!(!check_ignore(&config, "//@ ignore-rustc-debug-assertions"));
+
+    let config: Config = cfg().rustc_debug_assertions(true).build();
+
+    assert!(!check_ignore(&config, "//@ needs-rustc-debug-assertions"));
+    assert!(check_ignore(&config, "//@ ignore-rustc-debug-assertions"));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn std_debug_assertions() {
+    let config: Config = cfg().std_debug_assertions(false).build();
+
+    assert!(check_ignore(&config, "//@ needs-std-debug-assertions"));
+    assert!(!check_ignore(&config, "//@ ignore-std-debug-assertions"));
+
+    let config: Config = cfg().std_debug_assertions(true).build();
+
+    assert!(!check_ignore(&config, "//@ needs-std-debug-assertions"));
+    assert!(check_ignore(&config, "//@ ignore-std-debug-assertions"));
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn stage() {
     let config: Config = cfg().stage_id("stage1-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu").build();
diff --git a/src/tools/compiletest/src/lib.rs b/src/tools/compiletest/src/lib.rs
index 5c06a39c477..bf4a3124075 100644
--- a/src/tools/compiletest/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/tools/compiletest/src/lib.rs
@@ -88,7 +88,8 @@ pub fn parse_config(args: Vec<String>) -> Config {
         .optopt("", "run", "whether to execute run-* tests", "auto | always | never")
         .optflag("", "ignored", "run tests marked as ignored")
         .optflag("", "has-enzyme", "run tests that require enzyme")
-        .optflag("", "with-debug-assertions", "whether to run tests with `ignore-debug` header")
+        .optflag("", "with-rustc-debug-assertions", "whether rustc was built with debug assertions")
+        .optflag("", "with-std-debug-assertions", "whether std was built with debug assertions")
         .optmulti(
             "",
             "skip",
@@ -235,7 +236,8 @@ fn make_absolute(path: PathBuf) -> PathBuf {
 
     let src_base = opt_path(matches, "src-base");
     let run_ignored = matches.opt_present("ignored");
-    let with_debug_assertions = matches.opt_present("with-debug-assertions");
+    let with_rustc_debug_assertions = matches.opt_present("with-rustc-debug-assertions");
+    let with_std_debug_assertions = matches.opt_present("with-std-debug-assertions");
     let mode = matches.opt_str("mode").unwrap().parse().expect("invalid mode");
     let has_html_tidy = if mode == Mode::Rustdoc {
         Command::new("tidy")
@@ -293,7 +295,8 @@ fn make_absolute(path: PathBuf) -> PathBuf {
         suite: matches.opt_str("suite").unwrap(),
         debugger: None,
         run_ignored,
-        with_debug_assertions,
+        with_rustc_debug_assertions,
+        with_std_debug_assertions,
         filters,
         skip: matches.opt_strs("skip"),
         filter_exact: matches.opt_present("exact"),
diff --git a/tests/codegen/binary-heap-peek-mut-pop-no-panic.rs b/tests/codegen/binary-heap-peek-mut-pop-no-panic.rs
index 9cf4f210e52..e3bc9a4761c 100644
--- a/tests/codegen/binary-heap-peek-mut-pop-no-panic.rs
+++ b/tests/codegen/binary-heap-peek-mut-pop-no-panic.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 //@ compile-flags: -O
-//@ ignore-debug
+//@ ignore-std-debug-assertions
 #![crate_type = "lib"]
 
 use std::collections::binary_heap::PeekMut;
diff --git a/tests/codegen/mem-replace-big-type.rs b/tests/codegen/mem-replace-big-type.rs
index e62f1a953df..e62adfa0ba6 100644
--- a/tests/codegen/mem-replace-big-type.rs
+++ b/tests/codegen/mem-replace-big-type.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@
 // known to be `1` after inlining).
 
 //@ compile-flags: -C no-prepopulate-passes -Zinline-mir=no
-//@ ignore-debug: precondition checks in ptr::read make them a bad candidate for MIR inlining
+//@ ignore-std-debug-assertions
+// Reason: precondition checks in ptr::read make them a bad candidate for MIR inlining
 //@ needs-deterministic-layouts
 
 #![crate_type = "lib"]
diff --git a/tests/codegen/mem-replace-simple-type.rs b/tests/codegen/mem-replace-simple-type.rs
index 7209fa21925..41c3660dc15 100644
--- a/tests/codegen/mem-replace-simple-type.rs
+++ b/tests/codegen/mem-replace-simple-type.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 //@ compile-flags: -O -C no-prepopulate-passes
 //@ only-x86_64 (to not worry about usize differing)
-//@ ignore-debug: precondition checks make mem::replace not a candidate for MIR inlining
+//@ ignore-std-debug-assertions
+// Reason: precondition checks make mem::replace not a candidate for MIR inlining
 
 #![crate_type = "lib"]
 
diff --git a/tests/codegen/slice-reverse.rs b/tests/codegen/slice-reverse.rs
index 21add929f05..87cdad47962 100644
--- a/tests/codegen/slice-reverse.rs
+++ b/tests/codegen/slice-reverse.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 //@ compile-flags: -O
 //@ only-x86_64
-//@ ignore-debug: debug assertions prevent generating shufflevector
+//@ ignore-std-debug-assertions (debug assertions prevent generating shufflevector)
 
 #![crate_type = "lib"]
 
diff --git a/tests/codegen/vec-in-place.rs b/tests/codegen/vec-in-place.rs
index c6b77363a4e..5d05f242617 100644
--- a/tests/codegen/vec-in-place.rs
+++ b/tests/codegen/vec-in-place.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//@ ignore-debug: FIXME: checks for call detect scoped noalias metadata
+//@ ignore-std-debug-assertions (FIXME: checks for call detect scoped noalias metadata)
 //@ compile-flags: -O -Z merge-functions=disabled
 #![crate_type = "lib"]
 
diff --git a/tests/codegen/vec-shrink-panik.rs b/tests/codegen/vec-shrink-panik.rs
index 4b798fe6c9c..873904c2569 100644
--- a/tests/codegen/vec-shrink-panik.rs
+++ b/tests/codegen/vec-shrink-panik.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // LLVM 17 realizes double panic is not possible and doesn't generate calls
 // to panic_cannot_unwind.
 //@ compile-flags: -O
-//@ ignore-debug: plain old debug assertions
+//@ ignore-std-debug-assertions (plain old debug assertions)
 //@ needs-unwind
 #![crate_type = "lib"]
 #![feature(shrink_to)]
diff --git a/tests/codegen/vec-with-capacity.rs b/tests/codegen/vec-with-capacity.rs
index 47051f2eef8..e8c5bc88bd0 100644
--- a/tests/codegen/vec-with-capacity.rs
+++ b/tests/codegen/vec-with-capacity.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 //@ compile-flags: -O
-//@ ignore-debug
+//@ ignore-std-debug-assertions
 // (with debug assertions turned on, `assert_unchecked` generates a real assertion)
 
 #![crate_type = "lib"]
diff --git a/tests/codegen/vecdeque-drain.rs b/tests/codegen/vecdeque-drain.rs
index fca1ed367e6..8a34ba0674b 100644
--- a/tests/codegen/vecdeque-drain.rs
+++ b/tests/codegen/vecdeque-drain.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 //@ compile-flags: -O
 //@ needs-deterministic-layouts
-//@ ignore-debug: FIXME: checks for call detect scoped noalias metadata
+//@ ignore-std-debug-assertions (FIXME: checks for call detect scoped noalias metadata)
 
 #![crate_type = "lib"]
 
diff --git a/tests/codegen/vecdeque_no_panic.rs b/tests/codegen/vecdeque_no_panic.rs
index be2c4810ebc..da948d12254 100644
--- a/tests/codegen/vecdeque_no_panic.rs
+++ b/tests/codegen/vecdeque_no_panic.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // This test checks that `VecDeque::front[_mut]()` and `VecDeque::back[_mut]()` can't panic.
 
 //@ compile-flags: -O
-//@ ignore-debug: plain old debug assertions
+//@ ignore-std-debug-assertions (plain old debug assertions)
 
 #![crate_type = "lib"]
 
diff --git a/tests/mir-opt/pre-codegen/mem_replace.rs b/tests/mir-opt/pre-codegen/mem_replace.rs
index a68fe31f609..be23dcdb22a 100644
--- a/tests/mir-opt/pre-codegen/mem_replace.rs
+++ b/tests/mir-opt/pre-codegen/mem_replace.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // skip-filecheck
 //@ compile-flags: -O -C debuginfo=0 -Zmir-opt-level=2 -Zinline-mir
-//@ ignore-debug: precondition checks on ptr::read/write are under cfg(debug_assertions)
+//@ ignore-std-debug-assertions
+// Reason: precondition checks on ptr::read/write are under cfg(debug_assertions)
 // EMIT_MIR_FOR_EACH_PANIC_STRATEGY
 
 #![crate_type = "lib"]
diff --git a/tests/mir-opt/pre-codegen/ptr_offset.rs b/tests/mir-opt/pre-codegen/ptr_offset.rs
index 88ee00296a0..120be99fc94 100644
--- a/tests/mir-opt/pre-codegen/ptr_offset.rs
+++ b/tests/mir-opt/pre-codegen/ptr_offset.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 // skip-filecheck
 //@ compile-flags: -O -C debuginfo=0 -Zmir-opt-level=2 -Zinline-mir
-//@ ignore-debug: precondition checks are under cfg(debug_assertions)
+//@ ignore-std-debug-assertions (precondition checks are under cfg(debug_assertions))
 // EMIT_MIR_FOR_EACH_PANIC_STRATEGY
 
 #![crate_type = "lib"]
diff --git a/tests/mir-opt/pre-codegen/slice_iter.rs b/tests/mir-opt/pre-codegen/slice_iter.rs
index fee4214982d..46ded729852 100644
--- a/tests/mir-opt/pre-codegen/slice_iter.rs
+++ b/tests/mir-opt/pre-codegen/slice_iter.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // skip-filecheck
 //@ compile-flags: -O -C debuginfo=0 -Zmir-opt-level=2
 //@ only-64bit (constants for `None::<&T>` show in the output)
-//@ ignore-debug: precondition checks on ptr::add are under cfg(debug_assertions)
+//@ ignore-std-debug-assertions (precondition checks on ptr::add are under cfg(debug_assertions))
 // EMIT_MIR_FOR_EACH_PANIC_STRATEGY
 
 #![crate_type = "lib"]
diff --git a/tests/ui/print_type_sizes/niche-filling.rs b/tests/ui/print_type_sizes/niche-filling.rs
index 5dda0da8458..36739e3fc04 100644
--- a/tests/ui/print_type_sizes/niche-filling.rs
+++ b/tests/ui/print_type_sizes/niche-filling.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 //! padding and overall computed sizes can be quite different.
 //!
 //@ compile-flags: -Z print-type-sizes --crate-type lib
-//@ ignore-debug: debug assertions will print more types
+//@ ignore-std-debug-assertions (debug assertions will print more types)
 //@ build-pass
 //@ ignore-pass
 //  ^-- needed because `--pass check` does not emit the output needed.