Auto merge of #75584 - RalfJung:union-no-deref, r=matthewjasper

do not apply DerefMut on union field

This implements the part of [RFC 2514](https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/2514-union-initialization-and-drop.md) about `DerefMut`. Unlike described in the RFC, we only apply this warning specifically when doing `DerefMut` of a `ManuallyDrop` field; that is really the case we are worried about here.

@matthewjasper suggested I patch `convert_place_derefs_to_mutable` and `convert_place_op_to_mutable` for this, but I could not find anything to do in `convert_place_op_to_mutable` and this is sufficient to make the test pass. However, maybe there are some other cases this misses? I have no familiarity with this code.

This is a breaking change *in theory*, if someone used `ManuallyDrop<T>` in a union field and relied on automatic `DerefMut`. But on stable this means `T: Copy`, so the `ManuallyDrop` is rather pointless.

Cc https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/55149

compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/place_op.rs

@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ fn try_mutable_overloaded_place_op(
     /// Convert auto-derefs, indices, etc of an expression from `Deref` and `Index`
     /// into `DerefMut` and `IndexMut` respectively.
     ///
-    /// This is a second pass of typechecking derefs/indices. We need this we do not
+    /// This is a second pass of typechecking derefs/indices. We need this because we do not
     /// always know whether a place needs to be mutable or not in the first pass.
     /// This happens whether there is an implicit mutable reborrow, e.g. when the type
     /// is used as the receiver of a method call.
@@ -211,13 +211,21 @@ pub fn convert_place_derefs_to_mutable(&self, expr: &hir::Expr<'_>) {
         debug!("convert_place_derefs_to_mutable: exprs={:?}", exprs);
 
         // Fix up autoderefs and derefs.
+        let mut inside_union = false;
         for (i, &expr) in exprs.iter().rev().enumerate() {
             debug!("convert_place_derefs_to_mutable: i={} expr={:?}", i, expr);
 
+            let mut source = self.node_ty(expr.hir_id);
+            if matches!(expr.kind, hir::ExprKind::Unary(hir::UnOp::UnDeref, _)) {
+                // Clear previous flag; after a pointer indirection it does not apply any more.
+                inside_union = false;
+            }
+            if source.ty_adt_def().map_or(false, |adt| adt.is_union()) {
+                inside_union = true;
+            }
             // Fix up the autoderefs. Autorefs can only occur immediately preceding
             // overloaded place ops, and will be fixed by them in order to get
             // the correct region.
-            let mut source = self.node_ty(expr.hir_id);
             // Do not mutate adjustments in place, but rather take them,
             // and replace them after mutating them, to avoid having the
             // typeck results borrowed during (`deref_mut`) method resolution.
@@ -236,6 +244,21 @@ pub fn convert_place_derefs_to_mutable(&self, expr: &hir::Expr<'_>) {
                             if let ty::Ref(region, _, mutbl) = *method.sig.output().kind() {
                                 *deref = OverloadedDeref { region, mutbl };
                             }
+                            // If this is a union field, also throw an error for `DerefMut` of `ManuallyDrop` (see RFC 2514).
+                            // This helps avoid accidental drops.
+                            if inside_union
+                                && source.ty_adt_def().map_or(false, |adt| adt.is_manually_drop())
+                            {
+                                let mut err = self.tcx.sess.struct_span_err(
+                                    expr.span,
+                                    "not automatically applying `DerefMut` on `ManuallyDrop` union field",
+                                );
+                                err.help(
+                                    "writing to this reference calls the destructor for the old value",
+                                );
+                                err.help("add an explicit `*` if that is desired, or call `ptr::write` to not run the destructor");
+                                err.emit();
+                            }
                         }
                     }
                     source = adjustment.target;

src/test/ui/union/union-deref.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// ignore-tidy-linelength
+//! Test the part of RFC 2514 that is about not applying `DerefMut` coercions
+//! of union fields.
+#![feature(untagged_unions)]
+
+use std::mem::ManuallyDrop;
+
+union U1<T> { x:(), f: ManuallyDrop<(T,)> }
+
+union U2<T> { x:(), f: (ManuallyDrop<(T,)>,) }
+
+fn main() {
+    let mut u : U1<Vec<i32>> = U1 { x: () };
+    unsafe { (*u.f).0 = Vec::new() }; // explicit deref, this compiles
+    unsafe { u.f.0 = Vec::new() }; //~ERROR not automatically applying `DerefMut` on `ManuallyDrop` union field
+    unsafe { &mut (*u.f).0 }; // explicit deref, this compiles
+    unsafe { &mut u.f.0 }; //~ERROR not automatically applying `DerefMut` on `ManuallyDrop` union field
+    unsafe { (*u.f).0.push(0) }; // explicit deref, this compiles
+    unsafe { u.f.0.push(0) }; //~ERROR not automatically applying `DerefMut` on `ManuallyDrop` union field
+
+    let mut u : U2<Vec<i32>> = U2 { x: () };
+    unsafe { (*u.f.0).0 = Vec::new() }; // explicit deref, this compiles
+    unsafe { u.f.0.0 = Vec::new() }; //~ERROR not automatically applying `DerefMut` on `ManuallyDrop` union field
+    unsafe { &mut (*u.f.0).0 }; // explicit deref, this compiles
+    unsafe { &mut u.f.0.0 }; //~ERROR not automatically applying `DerefMut` on `ManuallyDrop` union field
+    unsafe { (*u.f.0).0.push(0) }; // explicit deref, this compiles
+    unsafe { u.f.0.0.push(0) }; //~ERROR not automatically applying `DerefMut` on `ManuallyDrop` union field
+}

src/test/ui/union/union-deref.stderr

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+error: not automatically applying `DerefMut` on `ManuallyDrop` union field
+  --> $DIR/union-deref.rs:15:14
+   |
+LL |     unsafe { u.f.0 = Vec::new() };
+   |              ^^^
+   |
+   = help: writing to this reference calls the destructor for the old value
+   = help: add an explicit `*` if that is desired, or call `ptr::write` to not run the destructor
+
+error: not automatically applying `DerefMut` on `ManuallyDrop` union field
+  --> $DIR/union-deref.rs:17:19
+   |
+LL |     unsafe { &mut u.f.0 };
+   |                   ^^^
+   |
+   = help: writing to this reference calls the destructor for the old value
+   = help: add an explicit `*` if that is desired, or call `ptr::write` to not run the destructor
+
+error: not automatically applying `DerefMut` on `ManuallyDrop` union field
+  --> $DIR/union-deref.rs:19:14
+   |
+LL |     unsafe { u.f.0.push(0) };
+   |              ^^^
+   |
+   = help: writing to this reference calls the destructor for the old value
+   = help: add an explicit `*` if that is desired, or call `ptr::write` to not run the destructor
+
+error: not automatically applying `DerefMut` on `ManuallyDrop` union field
+  --> $DIR/union-deref.rs:23:14
+   |
+LL |     unsafe { u.f.0.0 = Vec::new() };
+   |              ^^^^^^^
+   |
+   = help: writing to this reference calls the destructor for the old value
+   = help: add an explicit `*` if that is desired, or call `ptr::write` to not run the destructor
+
+error: not automatically applying `DerefMut` on `ManuallyDrop` union field
+  --> $DIR/union-deref.rs:25:19
+   |
+LL |     unsafe { &mut u.f.0.0 };
+   |                   ^^^^^^^
+   |
+   = help: writing to this reference calls the destructor for the old value
+   = help: add an explicit `*` if that is desired, or call `ptr::write` to not run the destructor
+
+error: not automatically applying `DerefMut` on `ManuallyDrop` union field
+  --> $DIR/union-deref.rs:27:14
+   |
+LL |     unsafe { u.f.0.0.push(0) };
+   |              ^^^^^^^
+   |
+   = help: writing to this reference calls the destructor for the old value
+   = help: add an explicit `*` if that is desired, or call `ptr::write` to not run the destructor
+
+error: aborting due to 6 previous errors
+