Rollup merge of #122461 - the8472:fix-step-forward-unchecked, r=Amanieu

fix unsoundness in Step::forward_unchecked for signed integers

Fixes #122420

```rust
pub fn foo(a: i8, b: u8) -> i8 {
    unsafe { a.checked_add_unsigned(b).unwrap_unchecked() }
}
```

still compiles down to a single arithmetic instruction ([godbolt](https://rust.godbolt.org/z/qsd3xYWfE)).

But we may be losing some loop optimizations if llvm can no longer easily derive that it's a finite counted loop from the no-wrapping flags.

library/core/src/iter/range.rs

@@ -183,8 +183,25 @@ unsafe fn backward_unchecked(start: Self, count: usize) -> Self {
     }
 }
 
-// These are still macro-generated because the integer literals resolve to different types.
-macro_rules! step_identical_methods {
+// Separate impls for signed ranges because the distance within a signed range can be larger
+// than the signed::MAX value. Therefore `as` casting to the signed type would be incorrect.
+macro_rules! step_signed_methods {
+    ($unsigned: ty) => {
+        #[inline]
+        unsafe fn forward_unchecked(start: Self, n: usize) -> Self {
+            // SAFETY: the caller has to guarantee that `start + n` doesn't overflow.
+            unsafe { start.checked_add_unsigned(n as $unsigned).unwrap_unchecked() }
+        }
+
+        #[inline]
+        unsafe fn backward_unchecked(start: Self, n: usize) -> Self {
+            // SAFETY: the caller has to guarantee that `start - n` doesn't overflow.
+            unsafe { start.checked_sub_unsigned(n as $unsigned).unwrap_unchecked() }
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+macro_rules! step_unsigned_methods {
     () => {
         #[inline]
         unsafe fn forward_unchecked(start: Self, n: usize) -> Self {
@@ -197,7 +214,12 @@ unsafe fn backward_unchecked(start: Self, n: usize) -> Self {
             // SAFETY: the caller has to guarantee that `start - n` doesn't overflow.
             unsafe { start.unchecked_sub(n as Self) }
         }
+    };
+}
 
+// These are still macro-generated because the integer literals resolve to different types.
+macro_rules! step_identical_methods {
+    () => {
         #[inline]
         #[allow(arithmetic_overflow)]
         #[rustc_inherit_overflow_checks]
@@ -238,6 +260,7 @@ macro_rules! step_integer_impls {
             #[unstable(feature = "step_trait", reason = "recently redesigned", issue = "42168")]
             impl Step for $u_narrower {
                 step_identical_methods!();
+                step_unsigned_methods!();
 
                 #[inline]
                 fn steps_between(start: &Self, end: &Self) -> Option<usize> {
@@ -270,6 +293,7 @@ fn backward_checked(start: Self, n: usize) -> Option<Self> {
             #[unstable(feature = "step_trait", reason = "recently redesigned", issue = "42168")]
             impl Step for $i_narrower {
                 step_identical_methods!();
+                step_signed_methods!($u_narrower);
 
                 #[inline]
                 fn steps_between(start: &Self, end: &Self) -> Option<usize> {
@@ -334,6 +358,7 @@ fn backward_checked(start: Self, n: usize) -> Option<Self> {
             #[unstable(feature = "step_trait", reason = "recently redesigned", issue = "42168")]
             impl Step for $u_wider {
                 step_identical_methods!();
+                step_unsigned_methods!();
 
                 #[inline]
                 fn steps_between(start: &Self, end: &Self) -> Option<usize> {
@@ -359,6 +384,7 @@ fn backward_checked(start: Self, n: usize) -> Option<Self> {
             #[unstable(feature = "step_trait", reason = "recently redesigned", issue = "42168")]
             impl Step for $i_wider {
                 step_identical_methods!();
+                step_signed_methods!($u_wider);
 
                 #[inline]
                 fn steps_between(start: &Self, end: &Self) -> Option<usize> {

library/core/tests/iter/range.rs

@@ -325,6 +325,11 @@ fn test_range_advance_by() {
     assert_eq!(Ok(()), r.advance_back_by(usize::MAX));
 
     assert_eq!((r.start, r.end), (0u128 + usize::MAX as u128, u128::MAX - usize::MAX as u128));
+
+    // issue 122420, Step::forward_unchecked was unsound for signed integers
+    let mut r = -128i8..127;
+    assert_eq!(Ok(()), r.advance_by(200));
+    assert_eq!(r.next(), Some(72));
 }
 
 #[test]

src/tools/miri/tests/pass/shims/time-with-isolation2.stdout

@@ -1 +1 @@
-The loop took around 7s
+The loop took around 12s