diff --git a/src/librustc/lint/builtin.rs b/src/librustc/lint/builtin.rs
index 70f03e02f46..b2f508ff26d 100644
--- a/src/librustc/lint/builtin.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/lint/builtin.rs
@@ -236,6 +236,12 @@
     "detects use of struct constructors that would be invisible with new visibility rules"
 }
 
+declare_lint! {
+    pub MISSING_FRAGMENT_SPECIFIER,
+    Warn,
+    "detects missing fragment specifiers in unused `macro_rules!` patterns"
+}
+
 declare_lint! {
     pub DEPRECATED,
     Warn,
@@ -286,6 +292,7 @@ fn get_lints(&self) -> LintArray {
             LEGACY_DIRECTORY_OWNERSHIP,
             LEGACY_IMPORTS,
             LEGACY_CONSTRUCTOR_VISIBILITY,
+            MISSING_FRAGMENT_SPECIFIER,
             DEPRECATED
         )
     }
diff --git a/src/librustc_driver/driver.rs b/src/librustc_driver/driver.rs
index ddf09f5cfe0..9619ba84724 100644
--- a/src/librustc_driver/driver.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_driver/driver.rs
@@ -688,6 +688,14 @@ pub fn phase_2_configure_and_expand<F>(sess: &Session,
 
         let krate = ecx.monotonic_expander().expand_crate(krate);
 
+        let mut missing_fragment_specifiers: Vec<_> =
+            ecx.parse_sess.missing_fragment_specifiers.borrow().iter().cloned().collect();
+        missing_fragment_specifiers.sort();
+        for span in missing_fragment_specifiers {
+            let lint = lint::builtin::MISSING_FRAGMENT_SPECIFIER;
+            let msg = "missing fragment specifier".to_string();
+            sess.add_lint(lint, ast::CRATE_NODE_ID, span, msg);
+        }
         if ecx.parse_sess.span_diagnostic.err_count() - ecx.resolve_err_count > err_count {
             ecx.parse_sess.span_diagnostic.abort_if_errors();
         }
diff --git a/src/librustc_lint/lib.rs b/src/librustc_lint/lib.rs
index 8fb1740e66e..b87edf54823 100644
--- a/src/librustc_lint/lib.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_lint/lib.rs
@@ -247,6 +247,10 @@ macro_rules! add_lint_group {
             id: LintId::of(LEGACY_CONSTRUCTOR_VISIBILITY),
             reference: "issue #39207 <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/39207>",
         },
+        FutureIncompatibleInfo {
+            id: LintId::of(MISSING_FRAGMENT_SPECIFIER),
+            reference: "issue #40107 <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/40107>",
+        },
         ]);
 
     // Register renamed and removed lints
diff --git a/src/libsyntax/ext/tt/macro_parser.rs b/src/libsyntax/ext/tt/macro_parser.rs
index a466fd2c6db..6ab5123bc87 100644
--- a/src/libsyntax/ext/tt/macro_parser.rs
+++ b/src/libsyntax/ext/tt/macro_parser.rs
@@ -87,6 +87,7 @@
 use parse::parser::{PathStyle, Parser};
 use parse::token::{self, DocComment, Token, Nonterminal};
 use print::pprust;
+use symbol::keywords;
 use tokenstream::TokenTree;
 use util::small_vector::SmallVector;
 
@@ -201,22 +202,27 @@ pub enum NamedMatch {
     MatchedNonterminal(Rc<Nonterminal>)
 }
 
-fn nameize<I: Iterator<Item=Rc<NamedMatch>>>(ms: &[quoted::TokenTree], mut res: I)
+fn nameize<I: Iterator<Item=Rc<NamedMatch>>>(sess: &ParseSess, ms: &[quoted::TokenTree], mut res: I)
                                              -> NamedParseResult {
     use self::quoted::TokenTree;
 
-    fn n_rec<I: Iterator<Item=Rc<NamedMatch>>>(m: &TokenTree, mut res: &mut I,
+    fn n_rec<I: Iterator<Item=Rc<NamedMatch>>>(sess: &ParseSess, m: &TokenTree, mut res: &mut I,
              ret_val: &mut HashMap<Ident, Rc<NamedMatch>>)
              -> Result<(), (syntax_pos::Span, String)> {
         match *m {
             TokenTree::Sequence(_, ref seq) => {
                 for next_m in &seq.tts {
-                    n_rec(next_m, res.by_ref(), ret_val)?
+                    n_rec(sess, next_m, res.by_ref(), ret_val)?
                 }
             }
             TokenTree::Delimited(_, ref delim) => {
                 for next_m in &delim.tts {
-                    n_rec(next_m, res.by_ref(), ret_val)?;
+                    n_rec(sess, next_m, res.by_ref(), ret_val)?;
+                }
+            }
+            TokenTree::MetaVarDecl(span, _, id) if id.name == keywords::Invalid.name() => {
+                if sess.missing_fragment_specifiers.borrow_mut().remove(&span) {
+                    return Err((span, "missing fragment specifier".to_string()));
                 }
             }
             TokenTree::MetaVarDecl(sp, bind_name, _) => {
@@ -237,7 +243,7 @@ fn n_rec<I: Iterator<Item=Rc<NamedMatch>>>(m: &TokenTree, mut res: &mut I,
 
     let mut ret_val = HashMap::new();
     for m in ms {
-        match n_rec(m, res.by_ref(), &mut ret_val) {
+        match n_rec(sess, m, res.by_ref(), &mut ret_val) {
             Ok(_) => {},
             Err((sp, msg)) => return Error(sp, msg),
         }
@@ -277,11 +283,13 @@ fn create_matches(len: usize) -> Vec<Vec<Rc<NamedMatch>>> {
     (0..len).into_iter().map(|_| Vec::new()).collect()
 }
 
-fn inner_parse_loop(cur_eis: &mut SmallVector<Box<MatcherPos>>,
+fn inner_parse_loop(sess: &ParseSess,
+                    cur_eis: &mut SmallVector<Box<MatcherPos>>,
                     next_eis: &mut Vec<Box<MatcherPos>>,
                     eof_eis: &mut SmallVector<Box<MatcherPos>>,
                     bb_eis: &mut SmallVector<Box<MatcherPos>>,
-                    token: &Token, span: &syntax_pos::Span) -> ParseResult<()> {
+                    token: &Token,
+                    span: &syntax_pos::Span) -> ParseResult<()> {
     use self::quoted::TokenTree;
 
     while let Some(mut ei) = cur_eis.pop() {
@@ -375,6 +383,11 @@ fn inner_parse_loop(cur_eis: &mut SmallVector<Box<MatcherPos>>,
                         top_elts: Tt(TokenTree::Sequence(sp, seq)),
                     }));
                 }
+                TokenTree::MetaVarDecl(span, _, id) if id.name == keywords::Invalid.name() => {
+                    if sess.missing_fragment_specifiers.borrow_mut().remove(&span) {
+                        return Error(span, "missing fragment specifier".to_string());
+                    }
+                }
                 TokenTree::MetaVarDecl(..) => {
                     // Built-in nonterminals never start with these tokens,
                     // so we can eliminate them from consideration.
@@ -422,7 +435,7 @@ pub fn parse(sess: &ParseSess,
         let mut eof_eis = SmallVector::new();
         assert!(next_eis.is_empty());
 
-        match inner_parse_loop(&mut cur_eis, &mut next_eis, &mut eof_eis, &mut bb_eis,
+        match inner_parse_loop(sess, &mut cur_eis, &mut next_eis, &mut eof_eis, &mut bb_eis,
                                &parser.token, &parser.span) {
             Success(_) => {},
             Failure(sp, tok) => return Failure(sp, tok),
@@ -435,7 +448,8 @@ pub fn parse(sess: &ParseSess,
         /* error messages here could be improved with links to orig. rules */
         if token_name_eq(&parser.token, &token::Eof) {
             if eof_eis.len() == 1 {
-                return nameize(ms, eof_eis[0].matches.iter_mut().map(|mut dv| dv.pop().unwrap()));
+                let matches = eof_eis[0].matches.iter_mut().map(|mut dv| dv.pop().unwrap());
+                return nameize(sess, ms, matches);
             } else if eof_eis.len() > 1 {
                 return Error(parser.span, "ambiguity: multiple successful parses".to_string());
             } else {
diff --git a/src/libsyntax/ext/tt/macro_rules.rs b/src/libsyntax/ext/tt/macro_rules.rs
index c775b2325cd..193c06707c7 100644
--- a/src/libsyntax/ext/tt/macro_rules.rs
+++ b/src/libsyntax/ext/tt/macro_rules.rs
@@ -788,6 +788,7 @@ fn is_in_follow(tok: &quoted::TokenTree, frag: &str) -> Result<bool, (String, &'
                 // harmless
                 Ok(true)
             },
+            "" => Ok(true), // keywords::Invalid
             _ => Err((format!("invalid fragment specifier `{}`", frag),
                      "valid fragment specifiers are `ident`, `block`, \
                       `stmt`, `expr`, `pat`, `ty`, `path`, `meta`, `tt` \
@@ -810,7 +811,7 @@ fn has_legal_fragment_specifier(tok: &quoted::TokenTree) -> Result<(), String> {
 fn is_legal_fragment_specifier(frag: &str) -> bool {
     match frag {
         "item" | "block" | "stmt" | "expr" | "pat" |
-        "path" | "ty" | "ident" | "meta" | "tt" => true,
+        "path" | "ty" | "ident" | "meta" | "tt" | "" => true,
         _ => false,
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/libsyntax/ext/tt/quoted.rs b/src/libsyntax/ext/tt/quoted.rs
index 4fc20d7fefa..530824b2834 100644
--- a/src/libsyntax/ext/tt/quoted.rs
+++ b/src/libsyntax/ext/tt/quoted.rs
@@ -143,7 +143,8 @@ pub fn parse(input: &[tokenstream::TokenTree], expect_matchers: bool, sess: &Par
                     },
                     tree @ _ => tree.as_ref().map(tokenstream::TokenTree::span).unwrap_or(start_sp),
                 };
-                sess.span_diagnostic.span_err(span, "missing fragment specifier");
+                sess.missing_fragment_specifiers.borrow_mut().insert(span);
+                result.push(TokenTree::MetaVarDecl(span, ident, keywords::Invalid.ident()));
             }
             _ => result.push(tree),
         }
diff --git a/src/libsyntax/parse/lexer/mod.rs b/src/libsyntax/parse/lexer/mod.rs
index b7f6e6a2384..de8a87e3a2b 100644
--- a/src/libsyntax/parse/lexer/mod.rs
+++ b/src/libsyntax/parse/lexer/mod.rs
@@ -1693,6 +1693,7 @@ mod tests {
     use feature_gate::UnstableFeatures;
     use parse::token;
     use std::cell::RefCell;
+    use std::collections::HashSet;
     use std::io;
     use std::rc::Rc;
 
@@ -1704,6 +1705,7 @@ fn mk_sess(cm: Rc<CodeMap>) -> ParseSess {
             config: CrateConfig::new(),
             included_mod_stack: RefCell::new(Vec::new()),
             code_map: cm,
+            missing_fragment_specifiers: RefCell::new(HashSet::new()),
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/libsyntax/parse/mod.rs b/src/libsyntax/parse/mod.rs
index 78fd706b27a..6fec49b229a 100644
--- a/src/libsyntax/parse/mod.rs
+++ b/src/libsyntax/parse/mod.rs
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ pub struct ParseSess {
     pub span_diagnostic: Handler,
     pub unstable_features: UnstableFeatures,
     pub config: CrateConfig,
+    pub missing_fragment_specifiers: RefCell<HashSet<Span>>,
     /// Used to determine and report recursive mod inclusions
     included_mod_stack: RefCell<Vec<PathBuf>>,
     code_map: Rc<CodeMap>,
@@ -66,6 +67,7 @@ pub fn with_span_handler(handler: Handler, code_map: Rc<CodeMap>) -> ParseSess {
             span_diagnostic: handler,
             unstable_features: UnstableFeatures::from_environment(),
             config: HashSet::new(),
+            missing_fragment_specifiers: RefCell::new(HashSet::new()),
             included_mod_stack: RefCell::new(vec![]),
             code_map: code_map
         }
diff --git a/src/test/compile-fail/issue-39404.rs b/src/test/compile-fail/issue-39404.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0168ae7d910
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/compile-fail/issue-39404.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// Copyright 2017 The Rust Project Developers. See the COPYRIGHT
+// file at the top-level directory of this distribution and at
+// http://rust-lang.org/COPYRIGHT.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+#![deny(missing_fragment_specifier)] //~ NOTE lint level defined here
+
+macro_rules! m { ($i) => {} }
+//~^ ERROR missing fragment specifier
+//~| WARN previously accepted
+//~| NOTE issue #40107
+
+fn main() {}
diff --git a/src/test/compile-fail/macro-match-nonterminal.rs b/src/test/compile-fail/macro-match-nonterminal.rs
index 0af171b43fe..6cca729e2c2 100644
--- a/src/test/compile-fail/macro-match-nonterminal.rs
+++ b/src/test/compile-fail/macro-match-nonterminal.rs
@@ -8,8 +8,7 @@
 // option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
 // except according to those terms.
 
-macro_rules! test { ($a, //~ ERROR missing fragment
-                     $b) => (()); } //~ ERROR missing fragment
+macro_rules! test { ($a, $b) => (()); } //~ ERROR missing fragment
 
 fn main() {
     test!()
diff --git a/src/test/parse-fail/issue-33569.rs b/src/test/parse-fail/issue-33569.rs
index d72bd8aab89..15d491719a6 100644
--- a/src/test/parse-fail/issue-33569.rs
+++ b/src/test/parse-fail/issue-33569.rs
@@ -16,3 +16,5 @@ macro_rules! foo {
         $(x)(y) //~ ERROR expected `*` or `+`
     }
 }
+
+foo!();