Auto merge of #122629 - RalfJung:assert-unsafe-precondition, r=saethlin

refactor check_{lang,library}_ub: use a single intrinsic

This enacts the plan I laid out [here](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/122282#issuecomment-1996917998): use a single intrinsic, called `ub_checks` (in aniticpation of https://github.com/rust-lang/compiler-team/issues/725), that just exposes the value of `debug_assertions` (consistently implemented in both codegen and the interpreter). Put the language vs library UB logic into the library.

This makes it easier to do something like https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/122282 in the future: that just slightly alters the semantics of `ub_checks` (making it more approximating when crates built with different flags are mixed), but it no longer affects whether these checks can happen in Miri or compile-time.

The first commit just moves things around; I don't think these macros and functions belong into `intrinsics.rs` as they are not intrinsics.

r? `@saethlin`

clippy_utils/src/qualify_min_const_fn.rs

@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ fn check_rvalue<'tcx>(
                 ))
             }
         },
-        Rvalue::NullaryOp(NullOp::SizeOf | NullOp::AlignOf | NullOp::OffsetOf(_) | NullOp::UbCheck(_), _)
+        Rvalue::NullaryOp(NullOp::SizeOf | NullOp::AlignOf | NullOp::OffsetOf(_) | NullOp::UbChecks, _)
         | Rvalue::ShallowInitBox(_, _) => Ok(()),
         Rvalue::UnaryOp(_, operand) => {
             let ty = operand.ty(body, tcx);