Auto merge of #122493 - lukas-code:sized-constraint, r=lcnr

clean up `Sized` checking

This PR cleans up `sized_constraint` and related functions to make them simpler and faster. This should not make more or less code compile, but it can change error output in some rare cases.

## enums and unions are `Sized`, even if they are not WF

The previous code has some special handling for enums, which made them sized if and only if the last field of each variant is sized. For example given this definition (which is not WF)
```rust
enum E<T1: ?Sized, T2: ?Sized, U1: ?Sized, U2: ?Sized> {
    A(T1, T2),
    B(U1, U2),
}
```
the enum was sized if and only if `T2` and `U2` are sized, while `T1` and `T2` were ignored for `Sized` checking. After this PR this enum will always be sized.

Unsized enums are not a thing in Rust and removing this special case allows us to return an `Option<Ty>` from `sized_constraint`, rather than a `List<Ty>`.

Similarly, the old code made an union defined like this
```rust
union Union<T: ?Sized, U: ?Sized> {
    head: T,
    tail: U,
}
```
sized if and only if `U` is sized, completely ignoring `T`. This just makes no sense at all and now this union is always sized.

## apply the "perf hack" to all (non-error) types, instead of just type parameters

This "perf hack" skips evaluating `sized_constraint(adt): Sized` if `sized_constraint(adt): Sized` exactly matches a predicate defined on `adt`, for example:

```rust
// `Foo<T>: Sized` iff `T: Sized`, but we know `T: Sized` from a predicate of `Foo`
struct Foo<T /*: Sized */>(T);
```

Previously this was only applied to type parameters and now it is applied to every type. This means that for example this type is now always sized:

```rust
// Note that this definition is WF, but the type `S<T>` not WF in the global/empty ParamEnv
struct S<T>([T]) where [T]: Sized;
```

I don't anticipate this to affect compile time of any real-world program, but it makes the code a bit nicer and it also makes error messages a bit more consistent if someone does write such a cursed type.

## tuples are sized if the last type is sized

The old solver already has this behavior and this PR also implements it for the new solver and `is_trivially_sized`. This makes it so that tuples work more like a struct defined like this:

```rust
struct TupleN<T1, T2, /* ... */ Tn: ?Sized>(T1, T2, /* ... */ Tn);
```

This might improve the compile time of programs with large tuples a little, but is mostly also a consistency fix.

## `is_trivially_sized` for more types

This function is used post-typeck code (borrowck, const eval, codegen) to skip evaluating `T: Sized` in some cases. It will now return `true` in more cases, most notably `UnsafeCell<T>` and `ManuallyDrop<T>` where `T.is_trivially_sized`.

I'm anticipating that this change will improve compile time for some real world programs.

compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/eval_context.rs

@@ -1034,8 +1034,7 @@ pub fn storage_live_dyn(
     ) -> InterpResult<'tcx> {
         trace!("{:?} is now live", local);
 
-        // We avoid `ty.is_trivially_sized` since that (a) cannot assume WF, so it recurses through
-        // all fields of a tuple, and (b) does something expensive for ADTs.
+        // We avoid `ty.is_trivially_sized` since that does something expensive for ADTs.
         fn is_very_trivially_sized(ty: Ty<'_>) -> bool {
             match ty.kind() {
                 ty::Infer(ty::IntVar(_) | ty::FloatVar(_))
@@ -1054,9 +1053,10 @@ fn is_very_trivially_sized(ty: Ty<'_>) -> bool {
                 | ty::Closure(..)
                 | ty::CoroutineClosure(..)
                 | ty::Never
-                | ty::Error(_) => true,
+                | ty::Error(_)
+                | ty::Dynamic(_, _, ty::DynStar) => true,
 
-                ty::Str | ty::Slice(_) | ty::Dynamic(..) | ty::Foreign(..) => false,
+                ty::Str | ty::Slice(_) | ty::Dynamic(_, _, ty::Dyn) | ty::Foreign(..) => false,
 
                 ty::Tuple(tys) => tys.last().iter().all(|ty| is_very_trivially_sized(**ty)),
 

compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/mod.rs

@@ -703,8 +703,8 @@
         separate_provide_extern
     }
 
-    query adt_sized_constraint(key: DefId) -> ty::EarlyBinder<&'tcx ty::List<Ty<'tcx>>> {
-        desc { |tcx| "computing `Sized` constraints for `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(key) }
+    query adt_sized_constraint(key: DefId) -> Option<ty::EarlyBinder<Ty<'tcx>>> {
+        desc { |tcx| "computing the `Sized` constraint for `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(key) }
     }
 
     query adt_dtorck_constraint(

compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/adt.rs

@@ -590,10 +590,10 @@ pub fn destructor(self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>) -> Option<Destructor> {
         tcx.adt_destructor(self.did())
     }
 
-    /// Returns a list of types such that `Self: Sized` if and only if that
-    /// type is `Sized`, or `ty::Error` if this type has a recursive layout.
-    pub fn sized_constraint(self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>) -> ty::EarlyBinder<&'tcx ty::List<Ty<'tcx>>> {
-        tcx.adt_sized_constraint(self.did())
+    /// Returns a type such that `Self: Sized` if and only if that type is `Sized`,
+    /// or `None` if the type is always sized.
+    pub fn sized_constraint(self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>) -> Option<ty::EarlyBinder<Ty<'tcx>>> {
+        if self.is_struct() { tcx.adt_sized_constraint(self.did()) } else { None }
     }
 }
 
@@ -601,5 +601,5 @@ pub fn sized_constraint(self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>) -> ty::EarlyBinder<&'tcx ty::Li
 #[derive(HashStable)]
 pub enum Representability {
     Representable,
-    Infinite,
+    Infinite(ErrorGuaranteed),
 }

compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/inhabitedness/mod.rs

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ pub(crate) fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
 /// requires calling [`InhabitedPredicate::instantiate`]
 fn inhabited_predicate_adt(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: DefId) -> InhabitedPredicate<'_> {
     if let Some(def_id) = def_id.as_local() {
-        if matches!(tcx.representability(def_id), ty::Representability::Infinite) {
+        if matches!(tcx.representability(def_id), ty::Representability::Infinite(_)) {
             return InhabitedPredicate::True;
         }
     }

compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/sty.rs

@@ -2484,13 +2484,16 @@ pub fn is_trivially_sized(self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>) -> bool {
             | ty::Closure(..)
             | ty::CoroutineClosure(..)
             | ty::Never
-            | ty::Error(_) => true,
+            | ty::Error(_)
+            | ty::Dynamic(_, _, ty::DynStar) => true,
 
-            ty::Str | ty::Slice(_) | ty::Dynamic(..) | ty::Foreign(..) => false,
+            ty::Str | ty::Slice(_) | ty::Dynamic(_, _, ty::Dyn) | ty::Foreign(..) => false,
 
-            ty::Tuple(tys) => tys.iter().all(|ty| ty.is_trivially_sized(tcx)),
+            ty::Tuple(tys) => tys.last().map_or(true, |ty| ty.is_trivially_sized(tcx)),
 
-            ty::Adt(def, _args) => def.sized_constraint(tcx).skip_binder().is_empty(),
+            ty::Adt(def, args) => def
+                .sized_constraint(tcx)
+                .map_or(true, |ty| ty.instantiate(tcx, args).is_trivially_sized(tcx)),
 
             ty::Alias(..) | ty::Param(_) | ty::Placeholder(..) | ty::Bound(..) => false,
 

compiler/rustc_middle/src/values.rs

@@ -106,8 +106,8 @@ fn from_cycle_error(
                 representable_ids.insert(def_id);
             }
         }
-        recursive_type_error(tcx, item_and_field_ids, &representable_ids);
-        Representability::Infinite
+        let guar = recursive_type_error(tcx, item_and_field_ids, &representable_ids);
+        Representability::Infinite(guar)
     }
 }
 
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ pub fn recursive_type_error(
     tcx: TyCtxt<'_>,
     mut item_and_field_ids: Vec<(LocalDefId, LocalDefId)>,
     representable_ids: &FxHashSet<LocalDefId>,
-) {
+) -> ErrorGuaranteed {
     const ITEM_LIMIT: usize = 5;
 
     // Rotate the cycle so that the item with the lowest span is first
@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ pub fn recursive_type_error(
         suggestion,
         Applicability::HasPlaceholders,
     )
-    .emit();
+    .emit()
 }
 
 fn find_item_ty_spans(

compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/assembly/mod.rs

@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ fn consider_trait_alias_candidate(
         goal: Goal<'tcx, Self>,
     ) -> QueryResult<'tcx>;
 
-    /// A type is `Copy` or `Clone` if its components are `Sized`.
+    /// A type is `Sized` if its tail component is `Sized`.
     ///
     /// These components are given by built-in rules from
     /// [`structural_traits::instantiate_constituent_tys_for_sized_trait`].

compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/assembly/structural_traits.rs

@@ -154,13 +154,25 @@ pub(in crate::solve) fn instantiate_constituent_tys_for_sized_trait<'tcx>(
             bug!("unexpected type `{ty}`")
         }
 
-        // impl Sized for (T1, T2, .., Tn) where T1: Sized, T2: Sized, .. Tn: Sized
-        ty::Tuple(tys) => Ok(tys.iter().map(ty::Binder::dummy).collect()),
+        // impl Sized for ()
+        // impl Sized for (T1, T2, .., Tn) where Tn: Sized if n >= 1
+        ty::Tuple(tys) => Ok(tys.last().map_or_else(Vec::new, |&ty| vec![ty::Binder::dummy(ty)])),
 
-        // impl Sized for Adt where T: Sized forall T in field types
+        // impl Sized for Adt<Args...> where sized_constraint(Adt)<Args...>: Sized
+        //   `sized_constraint(Adt)` is the deepest struct trail that can be determined
+        //   by the definition of `Adt`, independent of the generic args.
+        // impl Sized for Adt<Args...> if sized_constraint(Adt) == None
+        //   As a performance optimization, `sized_constraint(Adt)` can return `None`
+        //   if the ADTs definition implies that it is sized by for all possible args.
+        //   In this case, the builtin impl will have no nested subgoals. This is a
+        //   "best effort" optimization and `sized_constraint` may return `Some`, even
+        //   if the ADT is sized for all possible args.
         ty::Adt(def, args) => {
-            let sized_crit = def.sized_constraint(ecx.tcx());
-            Ok(sized_crit.iter_instantiated(ecx.tcx(), args).map(ty::Binder::dummy).collect())
+            if let Some(sized_crit) = def.sized_constraint(ecx.tcx()) {
+                Ok(vec![ty::Binder::dummy(sized_crit.instantiate(ecx.tcx(), args))])
+            } else {
+                Ok(vec![])
+            }
         }
     }
 }

compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/type_op/prove_predicate.rs

@@ -20,15 +20,12 @@ fn try_fast_path(
         // such cases.
         if let ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::ClauseKind::Trait(trait_ref)) =
             key.value.predicate.kind().skip_binder()
+            && let Some(sized_def_id) = tcx.lang_items().sized_trait()
+            && trait_ref.def_id() == sized_def_id
+            && trait_ref.self_ty().is_trivially_sized(tcx)
         {
-            if let Some(sized_def_id) = tcx.lang_items().sized_trait() {
-                if trait_ref.def_id() == sized_def_id {
-                    if trait_ref.self_ty().is_trivially_sized(tcx) {
             return Some(());
         }
-                }
-            }
-        }
 
         if let ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::ClauseKind::WellFormed(arg)) =
             key.value.predicate.kind().skip_binder()

compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/mod.rs

@@ -2123,13 +2123,14 @@ fn sized_conditions(
             ),
 
             ty::Adt(def, args) => {
-                let sized_crit = def.sized_constraint(self.tcx());
+                if let Some(sized_crit) = def.sized_constraint(self.tcx()) {
                     // (*) binder moved here
                     Where(
-                    obligation
-                        .predicate
-                        .rebind(sized_crit.iter_instantiated(self.tcx(), args).collect()),
+                        obligation.predicate.rebind(vec![sized_crit.instantiate(self.tcx(), args)]),
                     )
+                } else {
+                    Where(ty::Binder::dummy(Vec::new()))
+                }
             }
 
             ty::Alias(..) | ty::Param(_) | ty::Placeholder(..) => None,

compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/representability.rs

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ pub(crate) fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
 macro_rules! rtry {
     ($e:expr) => {
         match $e {
-            e @ Representability::Infinite => return e,
+            e @ Representability::Infinite(_) => return e,
             Representability::Representable => {}
         }
     };

compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/ty.rs

@@ -1,78 +1,56 @@
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashSet;
 use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::def::DefKind;
+use rustc_hir::LangItem;
 use rustc_index::bit_set::BitSet;
 use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
-use rustc_middle::ty::{self, EarlyBinder, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeVisitor};
+use rustc_middle::ty::{self, EarlyBinder, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeVisitableExt, TypeVisitor};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{ToPredicate, TypeSuperVisitable, TypeVisitable};
 use rustc_span::def_id::{DefId, LocalDefId, CRATE_DEF_ID};
 use rustc_span::DUMMY_SP;
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits;
 
-fn sized_constraint_for_ty<'tcx>(
-    tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
-    adtdef: ty::AdtDef<'tcx>,
-    ty: Ty<'tcx>,
-) -> Vec<Ty<'tcx>> {
+#[instrument(level = "debug", skip(tcx), ret)]
+fn sized_constraint_for_ty<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> Option<Ty<'tcx>> {
     use rustc_type_ir::TyKind::*;
 
-    let result = match ty.kind() {
-        Bool | Char | Int(..) | Uint(..) | Float(..) | RawPtr(..) | Ref(..) | FnDef(..)
-        | FnPtr(_) | Array(..) | Closure(..) | CoroutineClosure(..) | Coroutine(..) | Never => {
-            vec![]
-        }
+    match ty.kind() {
+        // these are always sized
+        Bool
+        | Char
+        | Int(..)
+        | Uint(..)
+        | Float(..)
+        | RawPtr(..)
+        | Ref(..)
+        | FnDef(..)
+        | FnPtr(..)
+        | Array(..)
+        | Closure(..)
+        | CoroutineClosure(..)
+        | Coroutine(..)
+        | CoroutineWitness(..)
+        | Never
+        | Dynamic(_, _, ty::DynStar) => None,
 
-        Str | Dynamic(..) | Slice(_) | Foreign(..) | Error(_) | CoroutineWitness(..) => {
-            // these are never sized - return the target type
-            vec![ty]
-        }
+        // these are never sized
+        Str | Slice(..) | Dynamic(_, _, ty::Dyn) | Foreign(..) => Some(ty),
 
-        Tuple(tys) => match tys.last() {
-            None => vec![],
-            Some(&ty) => sized_constraint_for_ty(tcx, adtdef, ty),
-        },
+        Tuple(tys) => tys.last().and_then(|&ty| sized_constraint_for_ty(tcx, ty)),
 
-        Adt(adt, args) => {
         // recursive case
-            let adt_tys = adt.sized_constraint(tcx);
-            debug!("sized_constraint_for_ty({:?}) intermediate = {:?}", ty, adt_tys);
-            adt_tys
-                .iter_instantiated(tcx, args)
-                .flat_map(|ty| sized_constraint_for_ty(tcx, adtdef, ty))
-                .collect()
-        }
+        Adt(adt, args) => adt.sized_constraint(tcx).and_then(|intermediate| {
+            let ty = intermediate.instantiate(tcx, args);
+            sized_constraint_for_ty(tcx, ty)
+        }),
 
-        Alias(..) => {
-            // must calculate explicitly.
-            // FIXME: consider special-casing always-Sized projections
-            vec![ty]
-        }
-
-        Param(..) => {
-            // perf hack: if there is a `T: Sized` bound, then
-            // we know that `T` is Sized and do not need to check
-            // it on the impl.
-
-            let Some(sized_trait_def_id) = tcx.lang_items().sized_trait() else { return vec![ty] };
-            let predicates = tcx.predicates_of(adtdef.did()).predicates;
-            if predicates.iter().any(|(p, _)| {
-                p.as_trait_clause().is_some_and(|trait_pred| {
-                    trait_pred.def_id() == sized_trait_def_id
-                        && trait_pred.self_ty().skip_binder() == ty
-                })
-            }) {
-                vec![]
-            } else {
-                vec![ty]
-            }
-        }
+        // these can be sized or unsized
+        Param(..) | Alias(..) | Error(_) => Some(ty),
 
         Placeholder(..) | Bound(..) | Infer(..) => {
-            bug!("unexpected type `{:?}` in sized_constraint_for_ty", ty)
+            bug!("unexpected type `{ty:?}` in sized_constraint_for_ty")
+        }
     }
-    };
-    debug!("sized_constraint_for_ty({:?}) = {:?}", ty, result);
-    result
 }
 
 fn defaultness(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: LocalDefId) -> hir::Defaultness {
@@ -90,29 +68,45 @@ fn defaultness(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: LocalDefId) -> hir::Defaultness {
 ///
 /// In fact, there are only a few options for the types in the constraint:
 ///     - an obviously-unsized type
-///     - a type parameter or projection whose Sizedness can't be known
-///     - a tuple of type parameters or projections, if there are multiple
-///       such.
-///     - an Error, if a type is infinitely sized
+///     - a type parameter or projection whose sizedness can't be known
+#[instrument(level = "debug", skip(tcx), ret)]
 fn adt_sized_constraint<'tcx>(
     tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
     def_id: DefId,
-) -> ty::EarlyBinder<&'tcx ty::List<Ty<'tcx>>> {
+) -> Option<ty::EarlyBinder<Ty<'tcx>>> {
     if let Some(def_id) = def_id.as_local() {
-        if matches!(tcx.representability(def_id), ty::Representability::Infinite) {
-            return ty::EarlyBinder::bind(tcx.mk_type_list(&[Ty::new_misc_error(tcx)]));
+        if let ty::Representability::Infinite(_) = tcx.representability(def_id) {
+            return None;
         }
     }
     let def = tcx.adt_def(def_id);
 
-    let result =
-        tcx.mk_type_list_from_iter(def.variants().iter().filter_map(|v| v.tail_opt()).flat_map(
-            |f| sized_constraint_for_ty(tcx, def, tcx.type_of(f.did).instantiate_identity()),
-        ));
+    if !def.is_struct() {
+        bug!("`adt_sized_constraint` called on non-struct type: {def:?}");
+    }
 
-    debug!("adt_sized_constraint: {:?} => {:?}", def, result);
+    let tail_def = def.non_enum_variant().tail_opt()?;
+    let tail_ty = tcx.type_of(tail_def.did).instantiate_identity();
 
-    ty::EarlyBinder::bind(result)
+    let constraint_ty = sized_constraint_for_ty(tcx, tail_ty)?;
+    if constraint_ty.references_error() {
+        return None;
+    }
+
+    // perf hack: if there is a `constraint_ty: Sized` bound, then we know
+    // that the type is sized and do not need to check it on the impl.
+    let sized_trait_def_id = tcx.require_lang_item(LangItem::Sized, None);
+    let predicates = tcx.predicates_of(def.did()).predicates;
+    if predicates.iter().any(|(p, _)| {
+        p.as_trait_clause().is_some_and(|trait_pred| {
+            trait_pred.def_id() == sized_trait_def_id
+                && trait_pred.self_ty().skip_binder() == constraint_ty
+        })
+    }) {
+        return None;
+    }
+
+    Some(ty::EarlyBinder::bind(constraint_ty))
 }
 
 /// See `ParamEnv` struct definition for details.

tests/ui/generic-associated-types/issue-119942-unsatisified-gat-bound-during-assoc-ty-selection.rs

@@ -29,5 +29,5 @@ fn new() -> P::Pointer<Self> {
 
 fn main() {
     let mut list = RcNode::<i32>::new();
-    //~^ ERROR the size for values of type `Node<i32, RcFamily>` cannot be known at compilation time
+    //~^ ERROR trait bounds were not satisfied
 }

tests/ui/generic-associated-types/issue-119942-unsatisified-gat-bound-during-assoc-ty-selection.stderr

@@ -15,20 +15,15 @@ help: consider relaxing the implicit `Sized` restriction
 LL |     type Pointer<T>: Deref<Target = T> + ?Sized;
    |                                        ++++++++
 
-error[E0599]: the size for values of type `Node<i32, RcFamily>` cannot be known at compilation time
+error[E0599]: the variant or associated item `new` exists for enum `Node<i32, RcFamily>`, but its trait bounds were not satisfied
   --> $DIR/issue-119942-unsatisified-gat-bound-during-assoc-ty-selection.rs:31:35
    |
 LL | enum Node<T, P: PointerFamily> {
-   | ------------------------------ variant or associated item `new` not found for this enum because it doesn't satisfy `Node<i32, RcFamily>: Sized`
+   | ------------------------------ variant or associated item `new` not found for this enum
 ...
 LL |     let mut list = RcNode::<i32>::new();
-   |                                   ^^^ doesn't have a size known at compile-time
+   |                                   ^^^ variant or associated item cannot be called on `Node<i32, RcFamily>` due to unsatisfied trait bounds
    |
-note: trait bound `Node<i32, RcFamily>: Sized` was not satisfied
-  --> $DIR/issue-119942-unsatisified-gat-bound-during-assoc-ty-selection.rs:4:18
-   |
-LL |     type Pointer<T>: Deref<Target = T>;
-   |          ------- ^ unsatisfied trait bound introduced here
 note: trait bound `(dyn Deref<Target = Node<i32, RcFamily>> + 'static): Sized` was not satisfied
   --> $DIR/issue-119942-unsatisified-gat-bound-during-assoc-ty-selection.rs:23:29
    |
@@ -37,8 +32,6 @@ LL | impl<T, P: PointerFamily> Node<T, P>
 LL | where
 LL |     P::Pointer<Node<T, P>>: Sized,
    |                             ^^^^^ unsatisfied trait bound introduced here
-note: the trait `Sized` must be implemented
-  --> $SRC_DIR/core/src/marker.rs:LL:COL
 
 error: aborting due to 2 previous errors