diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/hir_ty_lowering/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/hir_ty_lowering/mod.rs
index 9b0d21bc009..738b3133128 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/hir_ty_lowering/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/hir_ty_lowering/mod.rs
@@ -681,11 +681,32 @@ pub(crate) fn lower_poly_trait_ref(
             Some(self_ty),
         );
 
+        let tcx = self.tcx();
+        let bound_vars = tcx.late_bound_vars(trait_ref.hir_ref_id);
+        debug!(?bound_vars);
+
+        let poly_trait_ref = ty::Binder::bind_with_vars(
+            ty::TraitRef::new_from_args(tcx, trait_def_id, generic_args),
+            bound_vars,
+        );
+
         let polarity = match polarity {
             rustc_ast::BoundPolarity::Positive => ty::PredicatePolarity::Positive,
             rustc_ast::BoundPolarity::Negative(_) => ty::PredicatePolarity::Negative,
             rustc_ast::BoundPolarity::Maybe(_) => {
-                // No-op.
+                // Validate associated type at least. We may want to reject these
+                // outright in the future...
+                for constraint in trait_segment.args().constraints {
+                    let _ = self.lower_assoc_item_constraint(
+                        trait_ref.hir_ref_id,
+                        poly_trait_ref,
+                        constraint,
+                        &mut Default::default(),
+                        &mut Default::default(),
+                        constraint.span,
+                        predicate_filter,
+                    );
+                }
                 return arg_count;
             }
         };
@@ -699,15 +720,6 @@ pub(crate) fn lower_poly_trait_ref(
             });
         }
 
-        let tcx = self.tcx();
-        let bound_vars = tcx.late_bound_vars(trait_ref.hir_ref_id);
-        debug!(?bound_vars);
-
-        let poly_trait_ref = ty::Binder::bind_with_vars(
-            ty::TraitRef::new_from_args(tcx, trait_def_id, generic_args),
-            bound_vars,
-        );
-
         match predicate_filter {
             PredicateFilter::All
             | PredicateFilter::SelfOnly
@@ -758,11 +770,11 @@ pub(crate) fn lower_poly_trait_ref(
             // since we should have emitted an error for them earlier, and they
             // would not be well-formed!
             if polarity != ty::PredicatePolarity::Positive {
-                assert!(
-                    self.dcx().has_errors().is_some(),
+                self.dcx().span_delayed_bug(
+                    constraint.span,
                     "negative trait bounds should not have assoc item constraints",
                 );
-                continue;
+                break;
             }
 
             // Specify type to assert that error was already reported in `Err` case.
diff --git a/tests/ui/trait-bounds/maybe-bound-with-assoc.rs b/tests/ui/trait-bounds/maybe-bound-with-assoc.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b6b2551e463
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ui/trait-bounds/maybe-bound-with-assoc.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+trait HasAssoc {
+    type Assoc;
+}
+fn hasassoc<T: ?HasAssoc<Assoc = ()>>() {}
+//~^ WARN relaxing a default bound
+
+trait NoAssoc {}
+fn noassoc<T: ?NoAssoc<Missing = ()>>() {}
+//~^ WARN relaxing a default bound
+//~| ERROR associated type `Missing` not found for `NoAssoc`
+
+fn main() {}
diff --git a/tests/ui/trait-bounds/maybe-bound-with-assoc.stderr b/tests/ui/trait-bounds/maybe-bound-with-assoc.stderr
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..91d78e59cd5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ui/trait-bounds/maybe-bound-with-assoc.stderr
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+warning: relaxing a default bound only does something for `?Sized`; all other traits are not bound by default
+  --> $DIR/maybe-bound-with-assoc.rs:4:16
+   |
+LL | fn hasassoc<T: ?HasAssoc<Assoc = ()>>() {}
+   |                ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+warning: relaxing a default bound only does something for `?Sized`; all other traits are not bound by default
+  --> $DIR/maybe-bound-with-assoc.rs:8:15
+   |
+LL | fn noassoc<T: ?NoAssoc<Missing = ()>>() {}
+   |               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+error[E0220]: associated type `Missing` not found for `NoAssoc`
+  --> $DIR/maybe-bound-with-assoc.rs:8:24
+   |
+LL | fn noassoc<T: ?NoAssoc<Missing = ()>>() {}
+   |                        ^^^^^^^ associated type `Missing` not found
+
+error: aborting due to 1 previous error; 2 warnings emitted
+
+For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0220`.