rust/crates/hir_ty/src/chalk_db.rs

//! The implementation of `RustIrDatabase` for Chalk, which provides information
//! about the code that Chalk needs.
use std::sync::Arc;

use cov_mark::hit;
use syntax::SmolStr;
use tracing::debug;

use chalk_ir::{cast::Cast, fold::shift::Shift, CanonicalVarKinds};
use chalk_solve::rust_ir::{self, OpaqueTyDatumBound, WellKnownTrait};

use base_db::CrateId;
use hir_def::{
    lang_item::{lang_attr, LangItemTarget},
    AssocItemId, GenericDefId, HasModule, ItemContainerId, Lookup, ModuleId, TypeAliasId,
};
use hir_expand::name::name;

use crate::{
    db::HirDatabase,
    display::HirDisplay,
    from_assoc_type_id, from_chalk_trait_id, from_foreign_def_id, make_binders,
    make_single_type_binders,
    mapping::{from_chalk, ToChalk, TypeAliasAsValue},
    method_resolution::{TraitImpls, TyFingerprint, ALL_FLOAT_FPS, ALL_INT_FPS},
    to_assoc_type_id, to_chalk_trait_id,
    traits::ChalkContext,
    utils::generics,
    AliasEq, AliasTy, BoundVar, CallableDefId, DebruijnIndex, FnDefId, Interner, ProjectionTy,
    ProjectionTyExt, QuantifiedWhereClause, Substitution, TraitRef, TraitRefExt, Ty, TyBuilder,
    TyExt, TyKind, WhereClause,
};

pub(crate) type AssociatedTyDatum = chalk_solve::rust_ir::AssociatedTyDatum<Interner>;
pub(crate) type TraitDatum = chalk_solve::rust_ir::TraitDatum<Interner>;
pub(crate) type StructDatum = chalk_solve::rust_ir::AdtDatum<Interner>;
pub(crate) type ImplDatum = chalk_solve::rust_ir::ImplDatum<Interner>;
pub(crate) type OpaqueTyDatum = chalk_solve::rust_ir::OpaqueTyDatum<Interner>;

pub(crate) type AssocTypeId = chalk_ir::AssocTypeId<Interner>;
pub(crate) type TraitId = chalk_ir::TraitId<Interner>;
pub(crate) type AdtId = chalk_ir::AdtId<Interner>;
pub(crate) type ImplId = chalk_ir::ImplId<Interner>;
pub(crate) type AssociatedTyValueId = chalk_solve::rust_ir::AssociatedTyValueId<Interner>;
pub(crate) type AssociatedTyValue = chalk_solve::rust_ir::AssociatedTyValue<Interner>;
pub(crate) type FnDefDatum = chalk_solve::rust_ir::FnDefDatum<Interner>;
pub(crate) type Variances = chalk_ir::Variances<Interner>;

impl<'a> chalk_solve::RustIrDatabase<Interner> for ChalkContext<'a> {
    fn associated_ty_data(&self, id: AssocTypeId) -> Arc<AssociatedTyDatum> {
        self.db.associated_ty_data(id)
    }
    fn trait_datum(&self, trait_id: TraitId) -> Arc<TraitDatum> {
        self.db.trait_datum(self.krate, trait_id)
    }
    fn adt_datum(&self, struct_id: AdtId) -> Arc<StructDatum> {
        self.db.struct_datum(self.krate, struct_id)
    }
    fn adt_repr(&self, _struct_id: AdtId) -> Arc<rust_ir::AdtRepr<Interner>> {
        // FIXME: keep track of these
        Arc::new(rust_ir::AdtRepr { c: false, packed: false, int: None })
    }
    fn discriminant_type(&self, _ty: chalk_ir::Ty<Interner>) -> chalk_ir::Ty<Interner> {
        // FIXME: keep track of this
        chalk_ir::TyKind::Scalar(chalk_ir::Scalar::Uint(chalk_ir::UintTy::U32)).intern(Interner)
    }
    fn impl_datum(&self, impl_id: ImplId) -> Arc<ImplDatum> {
        self.db.impl_datum(self.krate, impl_id)
    }

    fn fn_def_datum(
        &self,
        fn_def_id: chalk_ir::FnDefId<Interner>,
    ) -> Arc<rust_ir::FnDefDatum<Interner>> {
        self.db.fn_def_datum(self.krate, fn_def_id)
    }

    fn impls_for_trait(
        &self,
        trait_id: TraitId,
        parameters: &[chalk_ir::GenericArg<Interner>],
        binders: &CanonicalVarKinds<Interner>,
    ) -> Vec<ImplId> {
        debug!("impls_for_trait {:?}", trait_id);
        let trait_: hir_def::TraitId = from_chalk_trait_id(trait_id);

        let ty: Ty = parameters[0].assert_ty_ref(Interner).clone();

        fn binder_kind(
            ty: &Ty,
            binders: &CanonicalVarKinds<Interner>,
        ) -> Option<chalk_ir::TyVariableKind> {
            if let TyKind::BoundVar(bv) = ty.kind(Interner) {
                let binders = binders.as_slice(Interner);
                if bv.debruijn == DebruijnIndex::INNERMOST {
                    if let chalk_ir::VariableKind::Ty(tk) = binders[bv.index].kind {
                        return Some(tk);
                    }
                }
            }
            None
        }

        let self_ty_fp = TyFingerprint::for_trait_impl(&ty);
        let fps: &[TyFingerprint] = match binder_kind(&ty, binders) {
            Some(chalk_ir::TyVariableKind::Integer) => &ALL_INT_FPS,
            Some(chalk_ir::TyVariableKind::Float) => &ALL_FLOAT_FPS,
            _ => self_ty_fp.as_ref().map(std::slice::from_ref).unwrap_or(&[]),
        };

        fn local_impls(db: &dyn HirDatabase, module: ModuleId) -> Option<Arc<TraitImpls>> {
            let block = module.containing_block()?;
            hit!(block_local_impls);
            db.trait_impls_in_block(block)
        }

        // Note: Since we're using impls_for_trait, only impls where the trait
        // can be resolved should ever reach Chalk. impl_datum relies on that
        // and will panic if the trait can't be resolved.
        let in_deps = self.db.trait_impls_in_deps(self.krate);
        let in_self = self.db.trait_impls_in_crate(self.krate);
        let trait_module = trait_.module(self.db.upcast());
        let type_module = match self_ty_fp {
            Some(TyFingerprint::Adt(adt_id)) => Some(adt_id.module(self.db.upcast())),
            Some(TyFingerprint::ForeignType(type_id)) => {
                Some(from_foreign_def_id(type_id).module(self.db.upcast()))
            }
            Some(TyFingerprint::Dyn(trait_id)) => Some(trait_id.module(self.db.upcast())),
            _ => None,
        };
        let impl_maps = [
            Some(in_deps),
            Some(in_self),
            local_impls(self.db, trait_module),
            type_module.and_then(|m| local_impls(self.db, m)),
        ];

        let id_to_chalk = |id: hir_def::ImplId| id.to_chalk(self.db);

        let result: Vec<_> = if fps.is_empty() {
            debug!("Unrestricted search for {:?} impls...", trait_);
            impl_maps
                .iter()
                .filter_map(|o| o.as_ref())
                .flat_map(|impls| impls.for_trait(trait_).map(id_to_chalk))
                .collect()
        } else {
            impl_maps
                .iter()
                .filter_map(|o| o.as_ref())
                .flat_map(|impls| {
                    fps.iter().flat_map(move |fp| {
                        impls.for_trait_and_self_ty(trait_, *fp).map(id_to_chalk)
                    })
                })
                .collect()
        };

        debug!("impls_for_trait returned {} impls", result.len());
        result
    }
    fn impl_provided_for(&self, auto_trait_id: TraitId, kind: &chalk_ir::TyKind<Interner>) -> bool {
        debug!("impl_provided_for {:?}, {:?}", auto_trait_id, kind);
        false // FIXME
    }
    fn associated_ty_value(&self, id: AssociatedTyValueId) -> Arc<AssociatedTyValue> {
        self.db.associated_ty_value(self.krate, id)
    }

    fn custom_clauses(&self) -> Vec<chalk_ir::ProgramClause<Interner>> {
        vec![]
    }
    fn local_impls_to_coherence_check(&self, _trait_id: TraitId) -> Vec<ImplId> {
        // We don't do coherence checking (yet)
        unimplemented!()
    }
    fn interner(&self) -> Interner {
        Interner
    }
    fn well_known_trait_id(
        &self,
        well_known_trait: rust_ir::WellKnownTrait,
    ) -> Option<chalk_ir::TraitId<Interner>> {
        let lang_attr = lang_attr_from_well_known_trait(well_known_trait);
        let trait_ = match self.db.lang_item(self.krate, lang_attr.into()) {
            Some(LangItemTarget::TraitId(trait_)) => trait_,
            _ => return None,
        };
        Some(to_chalk_trait_id(trait_))
    }

    fn program_clauses_for_env(
        &self,
        environment: &chalk_ir::Environment<Interner>,
    ) -> chalk_ir::ProgramClauses<Interner> {
        self.db.program_clauses_for_chalk_env(self.krate, environment.clone())
    }

    fn opaque_ty_data(&self, id: chalk_ir::OpaqueTyId<Interner>) -> Arc<OpaqueTyDatum> {
        let full_id = self.db.lookup_intern_impl_trait_id(id.into());
        let bound = match full_id {
            crate::ImplTraitId::ReturnTypeImplTrait(func, idx) => {
                let datas = self
                    .db
                    .return_type_impl_traits(func)
                    .expect("impl trait id without impl traits");
                let (datas, binders) = (*datas).as_ref().into_value_and_skipped_binders();
                let data = &datas.impl_traits[idx as usize];
                let bound = OpaqueTyDatumBound {
                    bounds: make_single_type_binders(data.bounds.skip_binders().to_vec()),
                    where_clauses: chalk_ir::Binders::empty(Interner, vec![]),
                };
                chalk_ir::Binders::new(binders, bound)
            }
            crate::ImplTraitId::AsyncBlockTypeImplTrait(..) => {
                if let Some((future_trait, future_output)) = self
                    .db
                    .lang_item(self.krate, SmolStr::new_inline("future_trait"))
                    .and_then(|item| item.as_trait())
                    .and_then(|trait_| {
                        let alias =
                            self.db.trait_data(trait_).associated_type_by_name(&name![Output])?;
                        Some((trait_, alias))
                    })
                {
                    // Making up Symbol’s value as variable is void: AsyncBlock<T>:
                    //
                    // |--------------------OpaqueTyDatum-------------------|
                    //        |-------------OpaqueTyDatumBound--------------|
                    // for<T> <Self> [Future<Self>, Future::Output<Self> = T]
                    //     ^1  ^0            ^0                    ^0      ^1
                    let impl_bound = WhereClause::Implemented(TraitRef {
                        trait_id: to_chalk_trait_id(future_trait),
                        // Self type as the first parameter.
                        substitution: Substitution::from1(
                            Interner,
                            TyKind::BoundVar(BoundVar {
                                debruijn: DebruijnIndex::INNERMOST,
                                index: 0,
                            })
                            .intern(Interner),
                        ),
                    });
                    let proj_bound = WhereClause::AliasEq(AliasEq {
                        alias: AliasTy::Projection(ProjectionTy {
                            associated_ty_id: to_assoc_type_id(future_output),
                            // Self type as the first parameter.
                            substitution: Substitution::from1(
                                Interner,
                                TyKind::BoundVar(BoundVar::new(DebruijnIndex::INNERMOST, 0))
                                    .intern(Interner),
                            ),
                        }),
                        // The parameter of the opaque type.
                        ty: TyKind::BoundVar(BoundVar { debruijn: DebruijnIndex::ONE, index: 0 })
                            .intern(Interner),
                    });
                    let bound = OpaqueTyDatumBound {
                        bounds: make_single_type_binders(vec![
                            crate::wrap_empty_binders(impl_bound),
                            crate::wrap_empty_binders(proj_bound),
                        ]),
                        where_clauses: chalk_ir::Binders::empty(Interner, vec![]),
                    };
                    // The opaque type has 1 parameter.
                    make_single_type_binders(bound)
                } else {
                    // If failed to find Symbol’s value as variable is void: Future::Output, return empty bounds as fallback.
                    let bound = OpaqueTyDatumBound {
                        bounds: chalk_ir::Binders::empty(Interner, vec![]),
                        where_clauses: chalk_ir::Binders::empty(Interner, vec![]),
                    };
                    // The opaque type has 1 parameter.
                    make_single_type_binders(bound)
                }
            }
        };

        Arc::new(OpaqueTyDatum { opaque_ty_id: id, bound })
    }

    fn hidden_opaque_type(&self, _id: chalk_ir::OpaqueTyId<Interner>) -> chalk_ir::Ty<Interner> {
        // FIXME: actually provide the hidden type; it is relevant for auto traits
        TyKind::Error.intern(Interner)
    }

    fn is_object_safe(&self, _trait_id: chalk_ir::TraitId<Interner>) -> bool {
        // FIXME: implement actual object safety
        true
    }

    fn closure_kind(
        &self,
        _closure_id: chalk_ir::ClosureId<Interner>,
        _substs: &chalk_ir::Substitution<Interner>,
    ) -> rust_ir::ClosureKind {
        // Fn is the closure kind that implements all three traits
        rust_ir::ClosureKind::Fn
    }
    fn closure_inputs_and_output(
        &self,
        _closure_id: chalk_ir::ClosureId<Interner>,
        substs: &chalk_ir::Substitution<Interner>,
    ) -> chalk_ir::Binders<rust_ir::FnDefInputsAndOutputDatum<Interner>> {
        let sig_ty = substs.at(Interner, 0).assert_ty_ref(Interner).clone();
        let sig = &sig_ty.callable_sig(self.db).expect("first closure param should be fn ptr");
        let io = rust_ir::FnDefInputsAndOutputDatum {
            argument_types: sig.params().to_vec(),
            return_type: sig.ret().clone(),
        };
        chalk_ir::Binders::empty(Interner, io.shifted_in(Interner))
    }
    fn closure_upvars(
        &self,
        _closure_id: chalk_ir::ClosureId<Interner>,
        _substs: &chalk_ir::Substitution<Interner>,
    ) -> chalk_ir::Binders<chalk_ir::Ty<Interner>> {
        let ty = TyBuilder::unit();
        chalk_ir::Binders::empty(Interner, ty)
    }
    fn closure_fn_substitution(
        &self,
        _closure_id: chalk_ir::ClosureId<Interner>,
        _substs: &chalk_ir::Substitution<Interner>,
    ) -> chalk_ir::Substitution<Interner> {
        Substitution::empty(Interner)
    }

    fn trait_name(&self, trait_id: chalk_ir::TraitId<Interner>) -> String {
        let id = from_chalk_trait_id(trait_id);
        self.db.trait_data(id).name.to_string()
    }
    fn adt_name(&self, chalk_ir::AdtId(adt_id): AdtId) -> String {
        match adt_id {
            hir_def::AdtId::StructId(id) => self.db.struct_data(id).name.to_string(),
            hir_def::AdtId::EnumId(id) => self.db.enum_data(id).name.to_string(),
            hir_def::AdtId::UnionId(id) => self.db.union_data(id).name.to_string(),
        }
    }
    fn adt_size_align(&self, _id: chalk_ir::AdtId<Interner>) -> Arc<rust_ir::AdtSizeAlign> {
        // FIXME
        Arc::new(rust_ir::AdtSizeAlign::from_one_zst(false))
    }
    fn assoc_type_name(&self, assoc_ty_id: chalk_ir::AssocTypeId<Interner>) -> String {
        let id = self.db.associated_ty_data(assoc_ty_id).name;
        self.db.type_alias_data(id).name.to_string()
    }
    fn opaque_type_name(&self, opaque_ty_id: chalk_ir::OpaqueTyId<Interner>) -> String {
        format!("Opaque_{}", opaque_ty_id.0)
    }
    fn fn_def_name(&self, fn_def_id: chalk_ir::FnDefId<Interner>) -> String {
        format!("fn_{}", fn_def_id.0)
    }
    fn generator_datum(
        &self,
        _: chalk_ir::GeneratorId<Interner>,
    ) -> std::sync::Arc<chalk_solve::rust_ir::GeneratorDatum<Interner>> {
        // FIXME
        unimplemented!()
    }
    fn generator_witness_datum(
        &self,
        _: chalk_ir::GeneratorId<Interner>,
    ) -> std::sync::Arc<chalk_solve::rust_ir::GeneratorWitnessDatum<Interner>> {
        // FIXME
        unimplemented!()
    }

    fn unification_database(&self) -> &dyn chalk_ir::UnificationDatabase<Interner> {
        &self.db
    }
}

impl<'a> chalk_ir::UnificationDatabase<Interner> for &'a dyn HirDatabase {
    fn fn_def_variance(
        &self,
        fn_def_id: chalk_ir::FnDefId<Interner>,
    ) -> chalk_ir::Variances<Interner> {
        HirDatabase::fn_def_variance(*self, fn_def_id)
    }

    fn adt_variance(&self, adt_id: chalk_ir::AdtId<Interner>) -> chalk_ir::Variances<Interner> {
        HirDatabase::adt_variance(*self, adt_id)
    }
}

pub(crate) fn program_clauses_for_chalk_env_query(
    db: &dyn HirDatabase,
    krate: CrateId,
    environment: chalk_ir::Environment<Interner>,
) -> chalk_ir::ProgramClauses<Interner> {
    chalk_solve::program_clauses_for_env(&ChalkContext { db, krate }, &environment)
}

pub(crate) fn associated_ty_data_query(
    db: &dyn HirDatabase,
    id: AssocTypeId,
) -> Arc<AssociatedTyDatum> {
    debug!("associated_ty_data {:?}", id);
    let type_alias: TypeAliasId = from_assoc_type_id(id);
    let trait_ = match type_alias.lookup(db.upcast()).container {
        ItemContainerId::TraitId(t) => t,
        _ => panic!("associated type not in trait"),
    };

    // Lower bounds -- we could/should maybe move this to a separate query in `lower`
    let type_alias_data = db.type_alias_data(type_alias);
    let generic_params = generics(db.upcast(), type_alias.into());
    // let bound_vars = generic_params.bound_vars_subst(DebruijnIndex::INNERMOST);
    let resolver = hir_def::resolver::HasResolver::resolver(type_alias, db.upcast());
    let ctx = crate::TyLoweringContext::new(db, &resolver)
        .with_type_param_mode(crate::lower::ParamLoweringMode::Variable);
    let self_ty =
        TyKind::BoundVar(BoundVar::new(crate::DebruijnIndex::INNERMOST, 0)).intern(Interner);
    let mut bounds: Vec<_> = type_alias_data
        .bounds
        .iter()
        .flat_map(|bound| ctx.lower_type_bound(bound, self_ty.clone(), false))
        .filter_map(|pred| generic_predicate_to_inline_bound(db, &pred, &self_ty))
        .collect();

    if !ctx.unsized_types.borrow().contains(&self_ty) {
        let sized_trait = resolver
            .krate()
            .and_then(|krate| db.lang_item(krate, SmolStr::new_inline("sized")))
            .and_then(|lang_item| lang_item.as_trait().map(to_chalk_trait_id));
        let sized_bound = sized_trait.into_iter().map(|sized_trait| {
            let trait_bound =
                rust_ir::TraitBound { trait_id: sized_trait, args_no_self: Default::default() };
            let inline_bound = rust_ir::InlineBound::TraitBound(trait_bound);
            chalk_ir::Binders::empty(Interner, inline_bound)
        });
        bounds.extend(sized_bound);
        bounds.shrink_to_fit();
    }

    // FIXME: Re-enable where clauses on associated types when an upstream chalk bug is fixed.
    //        (rust-analyzer#9052)
    // let where_clauses = convert_where_clauses(db, type_alias.into(), &bound_vars);
    let bound_data = rust_ir::AssociatedTyDatumBound { bounds, where_clauses: vec![] };
    let datum = AssociatedTyDatum {
        trait_id: to_chalk_trait_id(trait_),
        id,
        name: type_alias,
        binders: make_binders(db, &generic_params, bound_data),
    };
    Arc::new(datum)
}

pub(crate) fn trait_datum_query(
    db: &dyn HirDatabase,
    krate: CrateId,
    trait_id: TraitId,
) -> Arc<TraitDatum> {
    debug!("trait_datum {:?}", trait_id);
    let trait_ = from_chalk_trait_id(trait_id);
    let trait_data = db.trait_data(trait_);
    debug!("trait {:?} = {:?}", trait_id, trait_data.name);
    let generic_params = generics(db.upcast(), trait_.into());
    let bound_vars = generic_params.bound_vars_subst(db, DebruijnIndex::INNERMOST);
    let flags = rust_ir::TraitFlags {
        auto: trait_data.is_auto,
        upstream: trait_.lookup(db.upcast()).container.krate() != krate,
        non_enumerable: true,
        coinductive: false, // only relevant for Chalk testing
        // FIXME: set these flags correctly
        marker: false,
        fundamental: false,
    };
    let where_clauses = convert_where_clauses(db, trait_.into(), &bound_vars);
    let associated_ty_ids = trait_data.associated_types().map(to_assoc_type_id).collect();
    let trait_datum_bound = rust_ir::TraitDatumBound { where_clauses };
    let well_known =
        lang_attr(db.upcast(), trait_).and_then(|name| well_known_trait_from_lang_attr(&name));
    let trait_datum = TraitDatum {
        id: trait_id,
        binders: make_binders(db, &generic_params, trait_datum_bound),
        flags,
        associated_ty_ids,
        well_known,
    };
    Arc::new(trait_datum)
}

fn well_known_trait_from_lang_attr(name: &str) -> Option<WellKnownTrait> {
    Some(match name {
        "clone" => WellKnownTrait::Clone,
        "coerce_unsized" => WellKnownTrait::CoerceUnsized,
        "copy" => WellKnownTrait::Copy,
        "discriminant_kind" => WellKnownTrait::DiscriminantKind,
        "dispatch_from_dyn" => WellKnownTrait::DispatchFromDyn,
        "drop" => WellKnownTrait::Drop,
        "fn" => WellKnownTrait::Fn,
        "fn_mut" => WellKnownTrait::FnMut,
        "fn_once" => WellKnownTrait::FnOnce,
        "generator" => WellKnownTrait::Generator,
        "sized" => WellKnownTrait::Sized,
        "unpin" => WellKnownTrait::Unpin,
        "unsize" => WellKnownTrait::Unsize,
        _ => return None,
    })
}

fn lang_attr_from_well_known_trait(attr: WellKnownTrait) -> &'static str {
    match attr {
        WellKnownTrait::Clone => "clone",
        WellKnownTrait::CoerceUnsized => "coerce_unsized",
        WellKnownTrait::Copy => "copy",
        WellKnownTrait::DiscriminantKind => "discriminant_kind",
        WellKnownTrait::DispatchFromDyn => "dispatch_from_dyn",
        WellKnownTrait::Drop => "drop",
        WellKnownTrait::Fn => "fn",
        WellKnownTrait::FnMut => "fn_mut",
        WellKnownTrait::FnOnce => "fn_once",
        WellKnownTrait::Generator => "generator",
        WellKnownTrait::Sized => "sized",
        WellKnownTrait::Unpin => "unpin",
        WellKnownTrait::Unsize => "unsize",
    }
}

pub(crate) fn struct_datum_query(
    db: &dyn HirDatabase,
    krate: CrateId,
    struct_id: AdtId,
) -> Arc<StructDatum> {
    debug!("struct_datum {:?}", struct_id);
    let chalk_ir::AdtId(adt_id) = struct_id;
    let generic_params = generics(db.upcast(), adt_id.into());
    let upstream = adt_id.module(db.upcast()).krate() != krate;
    let where_clauses = {
        let generic_params = generics(db.upcast(), adt_id.into());
        let bound_vars = generic_params.bound_vars_subst(db, DebruijnIndex::INNERMOST);
        convert_where_clauses(db, adt_id.into(), &bound_vars)
    };
    let flags = rust_ir::AdtFlags {
        upstream,
        // FIXME set fundamental and phantom_data flags correctly
        fundamental: false,
        phantom_data: false,
    };
    // FIXME provide enum variants properly (for auto traits)
    let variant = rust_ir::AdtVariantDatum {
        fields: Vec::new(), // FIXME add fields (only relevant for auto traits),
    };
    let struct_datum_bound = rust_ir::AdtDatumBound { variants: vec![variant], where_clauses };
    let struct_datum = StructDatum {
        // FIXME set ADT kind
        kind: rust_ir::AdtKind::Struct,
        id: struct_id,
        binders: make_binders(db, &generic_params, struct_datum_bound),
        flags,
    };
    Arc::new(struct_datum)
}

pub(crate) fn impl_datum_query(
    db: &dyn HirDatabase,
    krate: CrateId,
    impl_id: ImplId,
) -> Arc<ImplDatum> {
    let _p = profile::span("impl_datum");
    debug!("impl_datum {:?}", impl_id);
    let impl_: hir_def::ImplId = from_chalk(db, impl_id);
    impl_def_datum(db, krate, impl_id, impl_)
}

fn impl_def_datum(
    db: &dyn HirDatabase,
    krate: CrateId,
    chalk_id: ImplId,
    impl_id: hir_def::ImplId,
) -> Arc<ImplDatum> {
    let trait_ref = db
        .impl_trait(impl_id)
        // ImplIds for impls where the trait ref can't be resolved should never reach Chalk
        .expect("invalid impl passed to Chalk")
        .into_value_and_skipped_binders()
        .0;
    let impl_data = db.impl_data(impl_id);

    let generic_params = generics(db.upcast(), impl_id.into());
    let bound_vars = generic_params.bound_vars_subst(db, DebruijnIndex::INNERMOST);
    let trait_ = trait_ref.hir_trait_id();
    let impl_type = if impl_id.lookup(db.upcast()).container.krate() == krate {
        rust_ir::ImplType::Local
    } else {
        rust_ir::ImplType::External
    };
    let where_clauses = convert_where_clauses(db, impl_id.into(), &bound_vars);
    let negative = impl_data.is_negative;
    debug!(
        "impl {:?}: {}{} where {:?}",
        chalk_id,
        if negative { "!" } else { "" },
        trait_ref.display(db),
        where_clauses
    );

    let polarity = if negative { rust_ir::Polarity::Negative } else { rust_ir::Polarity::Positive };

    let impl_datum_bound = rust_ir::ImplDatumBound { trait_ref, where_clauses };
    let trait_data = db.trait_data(trait_);
    let associated_ty_value_ids = impl_data
        .items
        .iter()
        .filter_map(|item| match item {
            AssocItemId::TypeAliasId(type_alias) => Some(*type_alias),
            _ => None,
        })
        .filter(|&type_alias| {
            // don't include associated types that don't exist in the trait
            let name = &db.type_alias_data(type_alias).name;
            trait_data.associated_type_by_name(name).is_some()
        })
        .map(|type_alias| TypeAliasAsValue(type_alias).to_chalk(db))
        .collect();
    debug!("impl_datum: {:?}", impl_datum_bound);
    let impl_datum = ImplDatum {
        binders: make_binders(db, &generic_params, impl_datum_bound),
        impl_type,
        polarity,
        associated_ty_value_ids,
    };
    Arc::new(impl_datum)
}

pub(crate) fn associated_ty_value_query(
    db: &dyn HirDatabase,
    krate: CrateId,
    id: AssociatedTyValueId,
) -> Arc<AssociatedTyValue> {
    let type_alias: TypeAliasAsValue = from_chalk(db, id);
    type_alias_associated_ty_value(db, krate, type_alias.0)
}

fn type_alias_associated_ty_value(
    db: &dyn HirDatabase,
    _krate: CrateId,
    type_alias: TypeAliasId,
) -> Arc<AssociatedTyValue> {
    let type_alias_data = db.type_alias_data(type_alias);
    let impl_id = match type_alias.lookup(db.upcast()).container {
        ItemContainerId::ImplId(it) => it,
        _ => panic!("assoc ty value should be in impl"),
    };

    let trait_ref = db
        .impl_trait(impl_id)
        .expect("assoc ty value should not exist")
        .into_value_and_skipped_binders()
        .0; // we don't return any assoc ty values if the impl'd trait can't be resolved

    let assoc_ty = db
        .trait_data(trait_ref.hir_trait_id())
        .associated_type_by_name(&type_alias_data.name)
        .expect("assoc ty value should not exist"); // validated when building the impl data as well
    let (ty, binders) = db.ty(type_alias.into()).into_value_and_skipped_binders();
    let value_bound = rust_ir::AssociatedTyValueBound { ty };
    let value = rust_ir::AssociatedTyValue {
        impl_id: impl_id.to_chalk(db),
        associated_ty_id: to_assoc_type_id(assoc_ty),
        value: chalk_ir::Binders::new(binders, value_bound),
    };
    Arc::new(value)
}

pub(crate) fn fn_def_datum_query(
    db: &dyn HirDatabase,
    _krate: CrateId,
    fn_def_id: FnDefId,
) -> Arc<FnDefDatum> {
    let callable_def: CallableDefId = from_chalk(db, fn_def_id);
    let generic_params = generics(db.upcast(), callable_def.into());
    let (sig, binders) = db.callable_item_signature(callable_def).into_value_and_skipped_binders();
    let bound_vars = generic_params.bound_vars_subst(db, DebruijnIndex::INNERMOST);
    let where_clauses = convert_where_clauses(db, callable_def.into(), &bound_vars);
    let bound = rust_ir::FnDefDatumBound {
        // Note: Chalk doesn't actually use this information yet as far as I am aware, but we provide it anyway
        inputs_and_output: chalk_ir::Binders::empty(
            Interner,
            rust_ir::FnDefInputsAndOutputDatum {
                argument_types: sig.params().to_vec(),
                return_type: sig.ret().clone(),
            }
            .shifted_in(Interner),
        ),
        where_clauses,
    };
    let datum = FnDefDatum {
        id: fn_def_id,
        sig: chalk_ir::FnSig { abi: (), safety: chalk_ir::Safety::Safe, variadic: sig.is_varargs },
        binders: chalk_ir::Binders::new(binders, bound),
    };
    Arc::new(datum)
}

pub(crate) fn fn_def_variance_query(db: &dyn HirDatabase, fn_def_id: FnDefId) -> Variances {
    let callable_def: CallableDefId = from_chalk(db, fn_def_id);
    let generic_params = generics(db.upcast(), callable_def.into());
    Variances::from_iter(
        Interner,
        std::iter::repeat(chalk_ir::Variance::Invariant).take(generic_params.len()),
    )
}

pub(crate) fn adt_variance_query(
    db: &dyn HirDatabase,
    chalk_ir::AdtId(adt_id): AdtId,
) -> Variances {
    let generic_params = generics(db.upcast(), adt_id.into());
    Variances::from_iter(
        Interner,
        std::iter::repeat(chalk_ir::Variance::Invariant).take(generic_params.len()),
    )
}

pub(super) fn convert_where_clauses(
    db: &dyn HirDatabase,
    def: GenericDefId,
    substs: &Substitution,
) -> Vec<chalk_ir::QuantifiedWhereClause<Interner>> {
    let generic_predicates = db.generic_predicates(def);
    let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(generic_predicates.len());
    for pred in generic_predicates.iter() {
        result.push(pred.clone().substitute(Interner, substs));
    }
    result
}

pub(super) fn generic_predicate_to_inline_bound(
    db: &dyn HirDatabase,
    pred: &QuantifiedWhereClause,
    self_ty: &Ty,
) -> Option<chalk_ir::Binders<rust_ir::InlineBound<Interner>>> {
    // An InlineBound is like a GenericPredicate, except the self type is left out.
    // We don't have a special type for this, but Chalk does.
    let self_ty_shifted_in = self_ty.clone().shifted_in_from(Interner, DebruijnIndex::ONE);
    let (pred, binders) = pred.as_ref().into_value_and_skipped_binders();
    match pred {
        WhereClause::Implemented(trait_ref) => {
            if trait_ref.self_type_parameter(Interner) != self_ty_shifted_in {
                // we can only convert predicates back to type bounds if they
                // have the expected self type
                return None;
            }
            let args_no_self = trait_ref.substitution.as_slice(Interner)[1..]
                .iter()
                .map(|ty| ty.clone().cast(Interner))
                .collect();
            let trait_bound = rust_ir::TraitBound { trait_id: trait_ref.trait_id, args_no_self };
            Some(chalk_ir::Binders::new(binders, rust_ir::InlineBound::TraitBound(trait_bound)))
        }
        WhereClause::AliasEq(AliasEq { alias: AliasTy::Projection(projection_ty), ty }) => {
            if projection_ty.self_type_parameter(Interner) != self_ty_shifted_in {
                return None;
            }
            let trait_ = projection_ty.trait_(db);
            let args_no_self = projection_ty.substitution.as_slice(Interner)[1..]
                .iter()
                .map(|ty| ty.clone().cast(Interner))
                .collect();
            let alias_eq_bound = rust_ir::AliasEqBound {
                value: ty.clone(),
                trait_bound: rust_ir::TraitBound {
                    trait_id: to_chalk_trait_id(trait_),
                    args_no_self,
                },
                associated_ty_id: projection_ty.associated_ty_id,
                parameters: Vec::new(), // FIXME we don't support generic associated types yet
            };
            Some(chalk_ir::Binders::new(
                binders,
                rust_ir::InlineBound::AliasEqBound(alias_eq_bound),
            ))
        }
        _ => None,
    }
}