rust/src/librustc/middle/effect.rs

// Copyright 2012-2013 The Rust Project Developers. See the COPYRIGHT
// file at the top-level directory of this distribution and at
// http://rust-lang.org/COPYRIGHT.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
// <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
// except according to those terms.

//! Enforces the Rust effect system. Currently there is just one effect,
/// `unsafe`.

use middle::def;
use middle::ty;
use middle::typeck::MethodCall;
use util::ppaux;

use syntax::ast;
use syntax::ast_util::PostExpansionMethod;
use syntax::codemap::Span;
use syntax::visit;
use syntax::visit::Visitor;

#[deriving(PartialEq)]
enum UnsafeContext {
    SafeContext,
    UnsafeFn,
    UnsafeBlock(ast::NodeId),
}

fn type_is_unsafe_function(ty: ty::t) -> bool {
    match ty::get(ty).sty {
        ty::ty_bare_fn(ref f) => f.fn_style == ast::UnsafeFn,
        ty::ty_closure(ref f) => f.fn_style == ast::UnsafeFn,
        _ => false,
    }
}

struct EffectCheckVisitor<'a, 'tcx: 'a> {
    tcx: &'a ty::ctxt<'tcx>,

    /// Whether we're in an unsafe context.
    unsafe_context: UnsafeContext,
}

impl<'a, 'tcx> EffectCheckVisitor<'a, 'tcx> {
    fn require_unsafe(&mut self, span: Span, description: &str) {
        match self.unsafe_context {
            SafeContext => {
                // Report an error.
                span_err!(self.tcx.sess, span, E0133,
                          "{} requires unsafe function or block",
                          description);
            }
            UnsafeBlock(block_id) => {
                // OK, but record this.
                debug!("effect: recording unsafe block as used: {:?}", block_id);
                self.tcx.used_unsafe.borrow_mut().insert(block_id);
            }
            UnsafeFn => {}
        }
    }

    fn check_str_index(&mut self, e: &ast::Expr) {
        let base_type = match e.node {
            ast::ExprIndex(base, _) => ty::node_id_to_type(self.tcx, base.id),
            _ => return
        };
        debug!("effect: checking index with base type {}",
                ppaux::ty_to_string(self.tcx, base_type));
        match ty::get(base_type).sty {
            ty::ty_uniq(ty) | ty::ty_rptr(_, ty::mt{ty, ..}) => match ty::get(ty).sty {
                ty::ty_str => {
                    span_err!(self.tcx.sess, e.span, E0134,
                              "modification of string types is not allowed");
                }
                _ => {}
            },
            ty::ty_str => {
                span_err!(self.tcx.sess, e.span, E0135,
                          "modification of string types is not allowed");
            }
            _ => {}
        }
    }
}

impl<'a, 'tcx, 'v> Visitor<'v> for EffectCheckVisitor<'a, 'tcx> {
    fn visit_fn(&mut self, fn_kind: visit::FnKind<'v>, fn_decl: &'v ast::FnDecl,
                block: &'v ast::Block, span: Span, _: ast::NodeId) {

        let (is_item_fn, is_unsafe_fn) = match fn_kind {
            visit::FkItemFn(_, _, fn_style, _) =>
                (true, fn_style == ast::UnsafeFn),
            visit::FkMethod(_, _, method) =>
                (true, method.pe_fn_style() == ast::UnsafeFn),
            _ => (false, false),
        };

        let old_unsafe_context = self.unsafe_context;
        if is_unsafe_fn {
            self.unsafe_context = UnsafeFn
        } else if is_item_fn {
            self.unsafe_context = SafeContext
        }

        visit::walk_fn(self, fn_kind, fn_decl, block, span);

        self.unsafe_context = old_unsafe_context
    }

    fn visit_block(&mut self, block: &ast::Block) {
        let old_unsafe_context = self.unsafe_context;
        match block.rules {
            ast::DefaultBlock => {}
            ast::UnsafeBlock(source) => {
                // By default only the outermost `unsafe` block is
                // "used" and so nested unsafe blocks are pointless
                // (the inner ones are unnecessary and we actually
                // warn about them). As such, there are two cases when
                // we need to create a new context, when we're
                // - outside `unsafe` and found a `unsafe` block
                //   (normal case)
                // - inside `unsafe`, found an `unsafe` block
                //   created internally to the compiler
                //
                // The second case is necessary to ensure that the
                // compiler `unsafe` blocks don't accidentally "use"
                // external blocks (e.g. `unsafe { println("") }`,
                // expands to `unsafe { ... unsafe { ... } }` where
                // the inner one is compiler generated).
                if self.unsafe_context == SafeContext || source == ast::CompilerGenerated {
                    self.unsafe_context = UnsafeBlock(block.id)
                }
            }
        }

        visit::walk_block(self, block);

        self.unsafe_context = old_unsafe_context
    }

    fn visit_expr(&mut self, expr: &ast::Expr) {
        match expr.node {
            ast::ExprMethodCall(_, _, _) => {
                let method_call = MethodCall::expr(expr.id);
                let base_type = self.tcx.method_map.borrow().get(&method_call).ty;
                debug!("effect: method call case, base type is {}",
                       ppaux::ty_to_string(self.tcx, base_type));
                if type_is_unsafe_function(base_type) {
                    self.require_unsafe(expr.span,
                                        "invocation of unsafe method")
                }
            }
            ast::ExprCall(base, _) => {
                let base_type = ty::node_id_to_type(self.tcx, base.id);
                debug!("effect: call case, base type is {}",
                       ppaux::ty_to_string(self.tcx, base_type));
                if type_is_unsafe_function(base_type) {
                    self.require_unsafe(expr.span, "call to unsafe function")
                }
            }
            ast::ExprUnary(ast::UnDeref, base) => {
                let base_type = ty::node_id_to_type(self.tcx, base.id);
                debug!("effect: unary case, base type is {}",
                        ppaux::ty_to_string(self.tcx, base_type));
                match ty::get(base_type).sty {
                    ty::ty_ptr(_) => {
                        self.require_unsafe(expr.span,
                                            "dereference of unsafe pointer")
                    }
                    _ => {}
                }
            }
            ast::ExprAssign(ref base, _) | ast::ExprAssignOp(_, ref base, _) => {
                self.check_str_index(&**base);
            }
            ast::ExprAddrOf(ast::MutMutable, ref base) => {
                self.check_str_index(&**base);
            }
            ast::ExprInlineAsm(..) => {
                self.require_unsafe(expr.span, "use of inline assembly")
            }
            ast::ExprPath(..) => {
                match ty::resolve_expr(self.tcx, expr) {
                    def::DefStatic(_, true) => {
                        self.require_unsafe(expr.span, "use of mutable static")
                    }
                    _ => {}
                }
            }
            _ => {}
        }

        visit::walk_expr(self, expr);
    }
}

pub fn check_crate(tcx: &ty::ctxt, krate: &ast::Crate) {
    let mut visitor = EffectCheckVisitor {
        tcx: tcx,
        unsafe_context: SafeContext,
    };

    visit::walk_crate(&mut visitor, krate);
}