rust/src/librustc/ty/adjustment.rs

// Copyright 2012-2015 The Rust Project Developers. See the COPYRIGHT
// file at the top-level directory of this distribution and at
// http://rust-lang.org/COPYRIGHT.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
// <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
// except according to those terms.

use hir;
use hir::def_id::DefId;
use ty::{self, Ty, TyCtxt};
use ty::subst::Substs;


/// Represents coercing a value to a different type of value.
///
/// We transform values by following a number of `Adjust` steps in order.
/// See the documentation on variants of `Adjust` for more details.
///
/// Here are some common scenarios:
///
/// 1. The simplest cases are where a pointer is not adjusted fat vs thin.
///    Here the pointer will be dereferenced N times (where a dereference can
///    happen to raw or borrowed pointers or any smart pointer which implements
///    Deref, including Box<_>). The types of dereferences is given by
///    `autoderefs`.  It can then be auto-referenced zero or one times, indicated
///    by `autoref`, to either a raw or borrowed pointer. In these cases unsize is
///    `false`.
///
/// 2. A thin-to-fat coercion involves unsizing the underlying data. We start
///    with a thin pointer, deref a number of times, unsize the underlying data,
///    then autoref. The 'unsize' phase may change a fixed length array to a
///    dynamically sized one, a concrete object to a trait object, or statically
///    sized struct to a dynamically sized one. E.g., &[i32; 4] -> &[i32] is
///    represented by:
///
///    ```
///    Deref(None) -> [i32; 4],
///    Borrow(AutoBorrow::Ref) -> &[i32; 4],
///    Unsize -> &[i32],
///    ```
///
///    Note that for a struct, the 'deep' unsizing of the struct is not recorded.
///    E.g., `struct Foo<T> { x: T }` we can coerce &Foo<[i32; 4]> to &Foo<[i32]>
///    The autoderef and -ref are the same as in the above example, but the type
///    stored in `unsize` is `Foo<[i32]>`, we don't store any further detail about
///    the underlying conversions from `[i32; 4]` to `[i32]`.
///
/// 3. Coercing a `Box<T>` to `Box<Trait>` is an interesting special case.  In
///    that case, we have the pointer we need coming in, so there are no
///    autoderefs, and no autoref. Instead we just do the `Unsize` transformation.
///    At some point, of course, `Box` should move out of the compiler, in which
///    case this is analogous to transforming a struct. E.g., Box<[i32; 4]> ->
///    Box<[i32]> is an `Adjust::Unsize` with the target `Box<[i32]>`.
#[derive(Clone, RustcEncodable, RustcDecodable)]
pub struct Adjustment<'tcx> {
    pub kind: Adjust<'tcx>,
    pub target: Ty<'tcx>,
}

#[derive(Clone, Debug, RustcEncodable, RustcDecodable)]
pub enum Adjust<'tcx> {
    /// Go from ! to any type.
    NeverToAny,

    /// Go from a fn-item type to a fn-pointer type.
    ReifyFnPointer,

    /// Go from a safe fn pointer to an unsafe fn pointer.
    UnsafeFnPointer,

    /// Go from a non-capturing closure to an fn pointer.
    ClosureFnPointer,

    /// Go from a mut raw pointer to a const raw pointer.
    MutToConstPointer,

    /// Dereference once, producing a place.
    Deref(Option<OverloadedDeref<'tcx>>),

    /// Take the address and produce either a `&` or `*` pointer.
    Borrow(AutoBorrow<'tcx>),

    /// Unsize a pointer/reference value, e.g. `&[T; n]` to
    /// `&[T]`. Note that the source could be a thin or fat pointer.
    /// This will do things like convert thin pointers to fat
    /// pointers, or convert structs containing thin pointers to
    /// structs containing fat pointers, or convert between fat
    /// pointers.  We don't store the details of how the transform is
    /// done (in fact, we don't know that, because it might depend on
    /// the precise type parameters). We just store the target
    /// type. Codegen backends and miri figure out what has to be done
    /// based on the precise source/target type at hand.
    Unsize,
}

/// An overloaded autoderef step, representing a `Deref(Mut)::deref(_mut)`
/// call, with the signature `&'a T -> &'a U` or `&'a mut T -> &'a mut U`.
/// The target type is `U` in both cases, with the region and mutability
/// being those shared by both the receiver and the returned reference.
#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Debug, RustcEncodable, RustcDecodable)]
pub struct OverloadedDeref<'tcx> {
    pub region: ty::Region<'tcx>,
    pub mutbl: hir::Mutability,
}

impl<'a, 'gcx, 'tcx> OverloadedDeref<'tcx> {
    pub fn method_call(&self, tcx: TyCtxt<'a, 'gcx, 'tcx>, source: Ty<'tcx>)
                       -> (DefId, &'tcx Substs<'tcx>) {
        let trait_def_id = match self.mutbl {
            hir::MutImmutable => tcx.lang_items().deref_trait(),
            hir::MutMutable => tcx.lang_items().deref_mut_trait()
        };
        let method_def_id = tcx.associated_items(trait_def_id.unwrap())
            .find(|m| m.kind == ty::AssociatedKind::Method).unwrap().def_id;
        (method_def_id, tcx.mk_substs_trait(source, &[]))
    }
}

/// At least for initial deployment, we want to limit two-phase borrows to
/// only a few specific cases. Right now, those mostly "things that desugar"
/// into method calls
///     - using x.some_method() syntax, where some_method takes &mut self
///     - using Foo::some_method(&mut x, ...) syntax
///     - binary assignment operators (+=, -=, *=, etc.)
/// Anything else should be rejected until generalized two phase borrow support
/// is implemented. Right now, dataflow can't handle the general case where there
/// is more than one use of a mutable borrow, and we don't want to accept too much
/// new code via two-phase borrows, so we try to limit where we create two-phase
/// capable mutable borrows.
/// See #49434 for tracking.
#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Debug, RustcEncodable, RustcDecodable)]
pub enum AllowTwoPhase {
    Yes,
    No
}

#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Debug, RustcEncodable, RustcDecodable)]
pub enum AutoBorrowMutability {
    Mutable { allow_two_phase_borrow: AllowTwoPhase },
    Immutable,
}

impl From<AutoBorrowMutability> for hir::Mutability {
    fn from(m: AutoBorrowMutability) -> Self {
        match m {
            AutoBorrowMutability::Mutable { .. } => hir::MutMutable,
            AutoBorrowMutability::Immutable => hir::MutImmutable,
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Debug, RustcEncodable, RustcDecodable)]
pub enum AutoBorrow<'tcx> {
    /// Convert from T to &T.
    Ref(ty::Region<'tcx>, AutoBorrowMutability),

    /// Convert from T to *T.
    RawPtr(hir::Mutability),
}

/// Information for `CoerceUnsized` impls, storing information we
/// have computed about the coercion.
///
/// This struct can be obtained via the `coerce_impl_info` query.
/// Demanding this struct also has the side-effect of reporting errors
/// for inappropriate impls.
#[derive(Clone, Copy, RustcEncodable, RustcDecodable, Debug)]
pub struct CoerceUnsizedInfo {
    /// If this is a "custom coerce" impl, then what kind of custom
    /// coercion is it? This applies to impls of `CoerceUnsized` for
    /// structs, primarily, where we store a bit of info about which
    /// fields need to be coerced.
    pub custom_kind: Option<CustomCoerceUnsized>
}

#[derive(Clone, Copy, RustcEncodable, RustcDecodable, Debug)]
pub enum CustomCoerceUnsized {
    /// Records the index of the field being coerced.
    Struct(usize)
}